石英光释光测年揭示的晚第四纪毛乌素沙地演化   总被引：12，自引：11，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

何忠  周杰  赖忠平  杨林海  隆浩  梁剑鸣 《第四纪研究》2009,29(4):744-754

本研究利用石英光释光测年的单片再生法(Single­aliquot Regenerative­dose Protocol,简称SAR)对毛乌素沙地内部西北－东南方向5个风成砂－砂质古土壤剖面进行了年代测定,结合年代框架和剖面沉积相、磁化率及粒度特征探讨了晚第四纪以来毛乌素沙地演化和气候变化。研究表明毛乌素沙地在晚第四纪以来经历了多次沙地固定与活化的交替演化： 距今91.0ka,71.0ka,48.0ka,22.0ka,11.6ka,5.0ka,1.1ka,1.0ka和0.4ka前后风成砂沉积,沙地活化,指示气候干旱,植被覆盖度低; 在距今65ka和全新世适宜期(8.5～5.0ka),沙地固定成壤,砂质古土壤发育,指示气候湿润。另外,剖面中风成砂层数变多、厚度增加、粒径变粗指示了晚第四纪以来毛乌素沙地干旱化趋势加强。  相似文献   

构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖区防洪的影响     

来红州  莫多闻 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(2):226-234

With the long-term data of the geodetic sea level measurements undertaken in the Dongting Basin and the recent sediment data of Dongting Lake, we analyze the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin and the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake. From the point of view of geomorphology and hydrogeology, we distinguish the two different spatial concepts between “the basin of Dongting Lake“ and “the Dongting Basin“. Then, we discuss the influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the levees and the space of storing flood. The better quality of levees is required due to the tectonic subsidence and the siltation, and the difficulties of preventing flood disasters are increasing.The space of storing flood is not affected by the tectonic subsidence, but by the siltation. At present,the sedimentary rate of Dongting Lake is higher than the tectonic subsidence rate of the Dongting Basin. The tectonic subsidence capacity of the Dongting Basin counteracts a part of sedimentary capacity, and the shrinking tendency of Dongting Lake is restrained to a certain extent, but the tectonic subsidence is harmful to the situation of preventing flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area.  相似文献   

Micropore structure characteristics and water distribution in a coalbed methane reservoir     

F. P. Lai  Z. P. Li  H. K. Dong  Z. Y. Jiang  G. T. Mao 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(5):741-750

Microscopic pore structure and water distribution are important and fundamental parameters for coalbed methane reservoir characterisation. These are closely related to the calculation/interpretation of other critical parameters, such as permeability and flow capacity. In this study, scanning electron microscopy, low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations were used to study the pore structure characteristics and water distribution of Zhaozhuang coal mine in the southeastern Qinshui Basin, PR China. The results show that the pore radius ranges from 2.066 to 594.045?nm, mainly classified as micropores and transitional pores. The micropores significantly contribute to the total pore volume. The adsorption pores (micropores and transitional pores) contribute the most to the total specific surface area. The T₂ spectrum distributions of saturated water samples show two peaks. The first T₂ spectrum peak is related to adsorption pores, whereas the second T₂ spectrum peak is related to seepage pores. The seepage pores were not well developed as the adsorption pores. Most adsorption pores are saturated with irreducible water that could not be discharged by centrifugation, whereas the seepage pores are saturated with movable water that could be completely discharged by centrifugation. The T₂ cutoff method was used to calculate the irreducible water saturation, and the irreducible water saturation of the sample was ≥90%. The irreducible water was mainly distributed in the micropores, and some of the irreducible water was distributed in the transitional pores. The irreducible water that remains in the pores can cause reservoir damage.  相似文献   

河流堰塞的地貌响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周丽琴  刘维明  赖忠平  王昊  曹广超 《第四纪研究》2019,39(2):366-380

堰塞作为一种极端地表过程,深刻影响着河流地貌的变化,特别是河流纵剖面的变化。其对河流纵剖面的影响主要体现在两方面:一方面,堰塞坝将抬高局地的侵蚀基准面,阻碍了上游河道侵蚀,形成河流裂点;另一方面,堰塞坝溃决往往形成大型/巨型洪水,造成下游河道和岸坡的剧烈侵蚀。稳定的堰塞坝形成后,在1~105 a的时间尺度上对河流裂点的发育以及河流纵剖面变化上甚至会超过构造、气候和岩性作用,占据主导。本文在简要概述堰塞地貌相关概念的基础上,介绍了部分河流堰塞的研究方法和案例,以及河流堰塞的发育过程和研究意义。目前多仅从堰塞坝与河流纵剖面的空间关系的相关性来论证其地貌响应,并且发现一些堰塞坝与河流纵剖面的相关性,但是也有一些古堰塞坝对现代河流纵剖面的影响并不显著,原因可能与堰塞坝规模、溃决洪水次数、堵江的持续时间和距今年代的不同有关,目前还缺乏深入研究。  相似文献   

焦石坝-武隆构造带古流体活动差异及对页岩气保存条件的影响          下载免费PDF全文

姜磊  邓宾  刘树根  叶玥豪  孙博  杨迪  梁霄  黄瑞  赖冬  何宇 《地球科学》2019,44(2):524-538

焦石坝-武隆地区差异构造带发育,古流体活动复杂,对页岩气保存条件影响较为关键.以两类典型背斜(高陡背斜和箱状背斜)的裂缝脉为研究对象,基于裂缝分形理论和碳、氧、锶同位素地球化学理论,揭示出不同构造的古流体活动差异与页岩气保存条件优劣的耦合性.研究认为:(1)构造变形与古流体活动性存在耦合性.构造应力集中部位(如箱状背斜枢纽、隐伏断层)较构造其他部位具更强的流体活动性.(2)古流体示踪差异与页岩气保存条件存在耦合性.同位素地球化学揭示出二叠系-下三叠统以内源流体活动为主,封闭能力较好,盆内高陡背斜带和盆外残余向斜五峰-龙马溪组页岩气具备一定勘探前景;中寒武统-下奥陶统存在跨层流体活动的痕迹,封闭能力变差,盆外箱状背斜下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气勘探风险加大.  相似文献   

Apparent permeability variation of underground water aquifer induced by an earthquake: A case of the Zhouzhi well and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake          下载免费PDF全文

Guijuan Lai  Fuqiong Huang  Hongkui Ge 《地震科学（英文版）》2011,24(5):437-445

Taking the M₂ wave as calibration signals, we extract the phase shifts of the water level relative to the Earth tide in the Zhouzhi well by utilizing the cross-correlation function. And we further obtain the apparent permeability variation in the aquifer of the Zhouzhi well in 2008. Comparison with the commonly used tidal analysis software Baytap-G shows that phase shifts obtained by cross-correlation function are more stable. The resulting apparent permeability of the Zhouzhi well aquifer fluctuates with time, indicating it is a dynamically controlled parameter. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused the apparent permeability increasing drastically, which is interpreted as the combination effects of effective stress changes and the barriers removing in the flow channel due to seismic wave pressure pulse. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the effective stress began to recover and the impurities deposited gradually, causing the apparent permeability to decrease a month later and almost recover to the pre-earthquake level in six months.  相似文献   

花岗岩演化与铀钍元素富集的关系:以粤北贵东岩体为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

娄峰  李宏卫  陈光明  敖文波  赖中信  卢映新  杨燕娜 《地学前缘》2011,18(1):110-117

对粤北贵东岩体铀钍丰度变化特征的研究表明,原地重熔过程导致铀钍元素向花岗岩体的上方汇聚富集,并造成铀、钍元素在空间上的分离,即在花岗岩体中,铀的丰度带位处钍丰度带之上。陆壳多次原地熔融(重熔)不但导致复式花岗岩体形成,同时造成铀元素在晚期岩体中的富集。贵东岩体内燕山早期岩体铀钍含量的东西差异被认为与卷入熔融的铀源层(寒武-震旦系)的初始埋深有关,而复式岩体铀含量的南北差异,则被解释为与晚期重熔界面倾斜方向所导致的晚期岩体的剥蚀深度有关。高铀含量和高铀钍比值并存往往是晚期岩体埋深较浅的表现,对于深部隐伏矿床的寻找有重要指示作用。  相似文献   

Pseudo‐dynamic tests of a full‐scale CFT/BRB frame—Part I: Specimen design,experiment and analysis     

Keh‐Chyuan Tsai  Po‐Chien Hsiao  Kung‐Juin Wang  Yuan‐Tao Weng  Min‐Lang Lin  Ker‐Chun Lin  Chui‐Hsin Chen  Jiun‐Wei Lai  Sheng‐Lin Lin 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(7):1081-1098

A series of pseudo‐dynamic tests (PDTs) of a full‐scale 3‐story 3‐bay buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) using concrete‐filled tube columns was tested in the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering using networked PDT techniques in October 2003. During the tests, real‐time experimental responses and video were webcasted to Internet viewers. The input ground motions adopted for the PDTs were chosen from the 1999 Chi‐Chi and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes and scaled to represent three seismic hazard levels. This paper is in two parts, focusing on the investigations of the overall structure and the local members. This paper constitutes Part I and discusses the design, analytical investigations, and key experimental results of the specimen frame, such as the buckling of the brace‐to‐gusset joints. Part II of the paper, the companion paper, describes the gusset stiffening schemes and detailed experimental behavior of the BRBs and their connections. Experimental peak inter‐story drifts of 0.019 and 0.023 radians, prescribed for the design basis and the maximum credible earthquakes, respectively, are within the target design limits of 0.020 and 0.025 radians. These tests confirmed that the PISA3D and OpenSees nonlinear structural analysis computer programs can simulate the experimental peak shears and floor displacements well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

陆相特殊沉积的研究方法及气候意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

田馨  向芳  罗来  宋见春 《地学前缘》2009,16(5):71-78

陆相沉积形成于地圈与水圈、大气圈和生物圈的交界面上,比海相地层更有效地记录了地球表层环境的信息。通过对沉积岩中沉积物的粘土矿物、气候指数、氧同位素测温等研究,获得关于气候干湿冷暖的信息。基于对这些常用方法的研究,提取出一些陆地上的特殊沉积,如：陆相红层、沙漠沉积体系、蒸发岩、煤及油页岩等所包含的丰富气候信息。沙漠代表干旱炎热气候;陆相红层的出现反映高温氧化环境,其在干旱和潮湿的热带气候下都能形成;芒硝代表干冷的气候环境;石膏则代表干热,水体盐度高,蒸发作用强的气候条件;煤层/油页岩一般形成于温暖潮湿的气候环境。对特殊沉积的研究可以用来重建古气候和恢复大陆古环境。  相似文献   

电子束CT三维重建技术与颅颌面外科     

归来  罗茂萍  滕利  张智勇  黄绿萍  戴汝平  何沙 《CT理论与应用研究》2000,9(Z1):124

目的 探讨电子束CT三维重建技术在颅颌面外科的适应症和应用价值。方法 采用美国Imatron公司的电子束CT(electron beam CT,以下简称EBCT)C-150,对76例严重颅颌面病人实行薄层CT容积扫描。将所获CT图象经数字接口传至加拿大ISG公司生产的Allegro工作站进行三维重建。结果EBCT成像技术能立体的、详尽和精确的显示机体组织三维解剖结构极其相互关系。其再现畸形或病体模型的程度可以达到近乎解剖学的精度,为准确了解和掌握病情并制定合理的手术治疗计划提供了极为重要的依据,提高了手术治疗效果。结论EBCT三维重建技术是现代颅颌面外科最主要的诊断方法之一并具有重要的临床应用价值。  相似文献