Characteristics and Genetic Mechanisms of Overpressure in the Depressions of Bohai Bay Basin, China     

LIU Hu  JING Chen  JIANG Youlu  SONG Guoqi  YU Qianqian  FENG Yuelin 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):2216-2228

The distribution and genetic mechanisms of abnormal pressures in the Bohai Bay Basin were systematically analyzed. Abnormal pressures are widely developed in the Bohai Bay Basin, primarily in the Paleogene E2s4, E2s3, Es1, and Ed formations. From the onshore area of the Bohai Bay Basin to the center of the Bozhong area, the top depth of the overpressured zone in each depression increases gradually, the overpressured strata in each depression gradually move to younger formations, and the pressure structure successively alters from single-bottom- overpressure to double-bottom-overpressure and finally to double-top-overpressure. The distribution of overpressured area is consistent with the sedimentary migration controlled by the tectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin, which is closely related to the hydrocarbon-generation capability of active source rocks. The overpressured strata are consistent with the source-rock intervals in each depression; the top of the overpressured zone is synchronous with the hydrocarbon generation threshold in each depression; the hydrocarbon generation capability is positively correlated with the overpressure magnitude in each formation. Undercompaction was the main mechanism of overpressure for depressions with fluid pressure coefficients less than 1.2, whereas hydrocarbon generation was the main mechanism for depressions with fluid pressure coefficients greater than 1.5.  相似文献   

紫色土水分特征曲线室内测定方法的对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王红兰  唐翔宇  鲜青松  刘琛  关卓 《水科学进展》2016,27(2):240-248

为探寻全吸力范围内土壤水分特征曲线的可靠测定方法,采用沙箱排水法、Hyprop仪蒸发法、压力膜仪排水法和露点水势仪蒸发法分吸力段测定盐亭紫色土耕地表层2~7 cm和亚表层7~12 cm土壤的水分特征曲线,对比测定结果的方法间差异,并分析其原因。结果表明:对于表层和亚表层土壤,低吸力段(h >-100 cm)水分特征曲线的沙箱法和Hyprop仪法的均方根误差E_RMS (θ)均较小,在0.026~0.082 cm3/cm3范围内,确定系数R2均大于0.962,说明这两种方法测定结果之间差异不大。高吸力段(h <-330 cm)的压力膜仪法与露点仪法测定结果之间的差异较大,E_RMS (θ)为0.062~0.097 cm3/cm3,R2较低,为0.775~0.952。因此,全吸力范围内水分特征曲线测定方法的选择与组合应考虑土壤孔径分布特征和研究目的。  相似文献   

Analysis on Marine Science and Technology Strategy and Key Layout of Japan and the Inspirations to China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chen Chun  Gao Feng  Lu Jingliang  Chen Songcong 《地球科学进展》2016,31(12):1247-1254

The Basic Ocean Law (BOL) and Basic Ocean Plan (BLP) are important guarantee for the maritime strategy of Japan, which has established a complete policy system for the development of marine science and technology. On the other hand, the Japanese Government has started some major marine strategies and plans to promote the BLP. In this paper, the marine science and technology plans launched by the Japanese Government and its participation in the international cooperative research projects were introduced. The research of Japan Marine Science and Technology Center and the University of Tokyo Institute of Oceanography in the long-term planning and focus on the layout features, deep sea research technology layout, contents and advanced equipment were analyzed. At last, some recommendations for China’s development on marine science and technology were proposed, such as strengthening the legislation work and process, carrying out research and development of marine infrastructure with independent intellectual property rights, actively participating in international large-scale ocean plan, improving the discourse right and enhancing national maritime awareness and suggestions and so on.  相似文献   

Study on the Global Carbon Assimilation System Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data     

Ju Weimin  Fang Hongliang  Tian Xiangjun  Jiang Fei  Zhan Wenfeng  Liu Yang  Wang Zhengxing  He Jianfeng  Wang Shaoqiang  Peng Shushi  Zhang Yongguang  Zhou Yanlian  Jia Binghao  Yang Dongxu  Fu Yu  Li Rong  Liu Jingxian  Wang Haikun  Li Guicai  Chen Zhuoqi 《地球科学进展》2016,31(11):1105-1110

The Paris agreement signed in April, 2016 aims to balance global anthropogenic carbon emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks by the middle of the 21^st century. To fulfill this goal, it is necessary to calculate carbon fluxes of different regions reliably. The global carbon assimilation system is an effective technique for achieving this goal. The Ministry of Science and Technology of China supports the project entitled as study on the global carbon assimilation system based on multisource remote sensing data through the national key research and development programs for global change and adaptation during the thirteen-five period. This project will develop synergic inversion techniques for retrieving key parameters of biological and atmospheric cycles and for assimilating multisource remote sensing and ground based data. Then, the high resolution global carbon assimilation system coupled with an ecological model will be constructed. This system is able to assimilate jointly multisource observation data and to optimize key model parameters, photosynthesis and respiration carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems, and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions. This system will be used to study quantitatively the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions and to identify the mechanisms driving the global terrestrial carbon sinks and sources. The outputs of this study will be helpful for the fulfillment of the key research and development programs for global change and adaptation and provide valuable data and technical support for the decision-making in China.  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Early Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks of Kalamaili,Xinjiang     

Chen Wanfeng  Guo Gang  Miao Xiuquan  Wang Jinrong  Hu Wanlong  Zhao Binbin  Fan Lifei 《地球科学进展》2016,31(2):180-191

Shanlianglishi Formation strata volcanic rocks are widely distributed in western fault zone of Kalamaili. Studies show that the rocks are basalt, andesite and basaltic andesite, calc-alkaline series with SiO₂ content of samples ranging from 49.43% to 59.08%, TiO₂ (1.18%~2.49%), P₂O₅ (0.21%~0.92%) and MgO (3.81%~6.28%). Samples have relatively high HFSE content (Ti, Zr, Y) and also high La/Nb (2.98~1.96), Zr/Y (9.36~4.01) ratio. The primitive mantle normalized trace element spider shows samples enriched LILE (Rb, Ba, K, U) and Pb, but relatively depleted Nb, Ta and Ti. Rare earth element distribution of REE shows slightly enriched LREE, (La/Yb)_N=1.93~9.59, and that Eu is weakly negative anomaly (δEu=0.87~0.95). Combined with geochemical characteristics of WPB and VAB. Shanlianglishi Formation strata formed in the stretched after collision environmen. After partial melting of the enriched mantle that was previously metasomatized by the subduction fluid and with participation of the subduction sediment, magma experienced a certain degree of fractional crystallization and contamination by earth crust, and then erupted to form the Shanlianglishi Formation strata volcanic rocks. In eraly Late-Carboniferous, extensional movement was the most intense volcanic activity, which reached its peak in this area.  相似文献   

Review on Montane Forest Eco-hydrology in Arid Area     

He Zhibin  Du Jun  Chen Longfei  Zhu Xi  Zhao Minmin 《地球科学进展》2016,31(10):1078-1089

Since the forest eco-hydrology of arid area shows a well sensitivity of the global climate change, the relationship between forest and water and the hydrological function has attracted the attention of academic communites and management departments. This paper expounds the research progress in arid mountain forest eco-hydrology, and analyses the formation and stable mechanism of forest patch pattern, the relationship between forest and water yield and the response of forest eco-hydrology to climate change from three aspects: Forest spatial pattern, hydrological process and its response to climate change. In addition, combined with the current research progress, the research emphases in the future are put forward: Strengthening the research on the coupling of vegetation pattern and hydrological process; solving the scale problem by using remote sensing technique and model; enhancing the understanding towards the hydrological function of forest; determining the suitable forest scale which can balance the relationship of ecology and hydrological effect.  相似文献   

甘肃文县关家沟泥石流物源条件与治理工程探析          下载免费PDF全文

周斌  李瑞冬  陈海龙 《甘肃地质》2016,25(4):74-81

关家沟泥石流沟位于文县县城北部,具有极为丰富的物源条件。通过调查从泥石流的岩土体类型及特征、地质构造、水文地质、新构造运动及地震等方面,对物源条件的地质环境背景进行了总结。其松散固体物质主要有滑坡堆积物、崩塌堆积物、滑塌—坍塌堆积物、沟道冲洪积堆积物及面状堆积物等。固体物质总储量为11 570.1×104m3,转化为泥石流组成部分的主要方式包括滑坡、崩塌、滑塌—坍塌直接堆积或堵塞沟道,被水流冲蚀、搬运;滑坡体、崩塌体表层松散物质及沟坡上的面状堆积物在降水面蚀作用下,细粒物质流入沟道,补给泥石流增加了泥石流的黏度;沟道内早期的冲洪积物被泥石流直接搬运、冲蚀,构成泥石流固体松散物质等。通过对物源条件分析,提出了治理工程措施,以期为关家沟泥石流灾害防治提供参考。  相似文献   

一幅新的第四纪地质及地貌图的编制——以宁夏与山东为例          下载免费PDF全文

闵隆瑞  王永  王成  许克民  庞健峰  迟振卿  董进 《中国地质》2016,(3):1026-1032

为了更好地与生态环境及灾害地质紧密结合,第二代全国区域地质志编制项目规定第四纪地质及地貌图为必编图件之一。图件内容包括第四纪地质体的时代、成因类型、岩性和地貌成因形态组合类型、活动断裂及海侵范围等重要地质内容,同时,附第四纪地质-地貌典型剖面和重要的地貌景点。图件特点:(1)图件的地理底图是首次用数字高程模型(DEM)数据灰度图作背景;(2)第四纪地质内容与地貌成因形态类型同编为一幅图;(3)第四纪地质体的面色用成因类型色表示;(4)地貌部分划分了不同级别成因形态类型和有特色的微地貌景点。总之,图面有立体感,地形高差明显,层次分明,色彩鲜艳,是一幅崭新的图件,可供防灾治理和地质旅游参考应用。  相似文献   

北京平原区地质剖面的初步建立——太古宙结晶基底和元古宙地层          下载免费PDF全文

吕金波  郑桂森  李良景  王海波  刘凯  王纯君 《中国地质》2016,(3):879-889

北京平原目前尚未建立系统的地质剖面。1867年庞培莱将北京西山分为3大系,1871年李希霍芬提出震旦系、划分12层。1922年葛利普将震旦系限定在前寒武系,1923年田奇镌将南口剖面划分为7个岩组,1934年高振西将震旦系3分(南口群、蓟县群、青白口群)。1976年乔秀夫3分青白口群(下马岭组、龙山组和景儿峪组),1980年汪长庆等将十三陵剖面分为4系12组,1991版《北京市区域地质志》将十三陵剖面分为3系12组。本文初步建立平原区地层表,详细描述太古宙结晶基底和元古宙地层剖面,在京南大兴区的榆垡(兴热-1井)和安定(兴热-2井)发现太古宙片麻岩,在京热-70井、京热-59井、京热-71井和京热-75井编录蓟县纪地层,利用亦庄小学钻孔厘定待建系下马岭组、青白口纪龙山组和景儿峪组。  相似文献   

华北北缘东段开原地区三叠纪侵入岩年代学及岩石地球化学研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘锦  刘正宏  李世超  赵辰  王楚杰  彭游博  杨仲杰  豆世勇 《岩石学报》2016,32(9):2739-2756

本文报道了位于华北北缘东段开原地区尖山子岩体、宝兴岩体和树德屯岩体的岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学特征,探讨了上述岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造环境。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,尖山子岩体形成于251±1.3Ma,宝兴岩体形成于235±1.3Ma,树德屯岩体形成于224±1.9Ma,说明开原地区三叠纪存在早三叠世、中三叠世和晚三叠世三个时期的岩浆活动。尖山子岩体以二长花岗岩为主,具高硅低镁特征,属钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba、Th,相对亏损Ta、Nb、P、Hf、Zr等高强场元素;δEu=0.55~1.87,(La/Yb)N=6.23~47.9,轻重稀土分馏明显,富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土。宝兴岩体以花岗闪长岩为主,Si O2含量变化较大(52.36%~74.06%),Al2O3含量(14.5%~17.34%),Mg O含量(0.61%~3.66%),属钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba、Th,相对亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高强场元素;无明显的Eu异常,(La/Yb)N=6.81~25.6,轻重稀土分馏较明显,富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土。树德屯岩体以闪长岩为主,岩石具有低硅高镁特征,K2O/Na2O比值为0.33~0.76,显示富K贫Na特征,属钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Ba、Th,相对亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti、Hf、Zr等高强场元素;无明显的Eu异常,(La/Yb)N=3.87~10.2,轻重稀土分馏不明显。上述岩石地球化学特征表明,尖山子岩体和宝兴岩体的原始岩浆起源于下地壳基性物质的部分熔融,树德屯岩体的原始岩浆起源于亏损的地幔楔。研究区三叠纪岩浆岩形成于造山阶段挤压环境下。华北北缘东段的挤压碰撞作用一直持续到晚三叠世(224Ma),而造山阶段向造山后阶段的构造转换(挤压地壳加厚向伸展垮塌的环境转换)发生于晚三叠世-早侏罗世(224~180Ma)期间。华北北缘东段中生代岩石圈减薄或破坏始于晚三叠世-早侏罗世(224~180Ma)期间。  相似文献