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891.
The effects of nutrient availability and litter quality on litter decomposition were measured in two oligotrophic phosphorus
(P)-limited Florida Everglades esturies, United States. The two estuaries differ, in that one (Shark River estuary) is directly
connected to the Gulf of Mexico and receives marine P, while the other (Taylor Slough estuary) does not receive marine P because
Florida Bay separates it from the Gulf of Mexico. Decomposition of three macrophytes.Cladium jamaicense, Eleochaaris spp., andJuncus roemerianus, was studied using a litter bag technique over 18 mo. Litter was exposed to three treatments: soil surface+macroinvertebrates
(=macro), soil surface without macroinvertebrates (=wet), and above the soil and water (=aerial). The third treatment replicated
the decomposition of standing dead leaves. Decomposition rates showed that litter exposed to the wet and macro treatments
decomposed significantly faster than the aerial treatment, where atmospheric deposition was the only source of nutrients.
Macroinvertebrates had no influence on litter decompostion rates.C. jamaicense decomposed faster at sites, with higher P, andEleocharis spp. decomposed significantly faster at sites with higher nitrogen (N). Initial tissue C:N and C:P molar ratios revealed
that the nutrient quality of litter of bothEleocharis spp. andJ. roemerianus was higher thanC. jamaicense, but onlyEleocharis spp. decomposed faster thanC. jamaicense. C. jamaicense litter tended to immobilize P, whileEleocharis spp. litter showed net remineralization of N and P. A comparison with other estuarine and wetland systems revealed the dependence
of litter decomposition on nutrient availability and litter quality. The results from this experiment suggest that Everglades
restoration may have an important effect on key ecosystem processes in the estuarine ecotone of this landscape. 相似文献
892.
Jun Hao Curtis Cleveland Eelin Lim Daniel R Strongin Martin AA Schoonen 《Geochemical transactions》2006,7(1):8-9
The chemolithoautotrophic bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, commonly occurs in acid mine drainage (AMD) environments where it is responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of pyrite
and concomitant development of acidic conditions. This investigation reports on the growth of this bacterial species on the
pyrite surface and in the aqueous phase at a pH close to 2 as well as the role of adsorbed lipid in preventing pyrite dissolution.
Both acid washed pyrite and acid-washed pyrite coated with lipids were used as substrates in the studies. The choice of lipid,
1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine lipid (23:2 Diyne PC), a phosphocholine lipid, was based on earlier work that showed that this lipid
inhibits the abiotic oxidation rate of pyrite. Atomic force microscopy showed that under the experimental conditions used
in this study, the lipid formed ~4–20 nm layers on the mineral surface. Surface-bound lipid greatly suppresses the oxidation
process catalyzed by A. ferrooxidans. This suppression continued for the duration of the experiments (25 days maximum). Analysis of the bacterial population on
the pyrite surface and in solution over the course of the experiments suggested that the pyrite oxidation was dependent in
large part on the fraction of bacteria bound to the pyrite surface. 相似文献
893.
894.
Part of a small drainage basin on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (about 25 km north of Socorro, NM) was intensively instrumented with soil monitoring equipment to estimate natural ground-water recharge. Soil-moisture data were analysed with special attention to characterizing the influence of topography on the direction of vadose water flow paths in fine to medium aeolian sand. Moisture content data were obtained by the neutron scattering technique, and hydraulic head data were obtained using tensiometers. In addition, tracer experiments were conducted on a sandy hillslope to delineate the flow paths of vadose water. The results indicate that there is a strong lateral component to unsaturated flow on a hillslope, even in the absence of apparent sublayers of much lower permeability. Darcian calculations estimate the long-term, steady, deep flux beneath a concave location to be about 4 per cent of an assumed mean annual precipitation of 20 cm. The deep soil water flux downward varied by several orders of magnitude during the 17 month period of record. 相似文献
895.
896.
R.R. Daniel S.K. Ghosh K.V.K. Iyengar T.N. Rengarajan S.N. Tandon R.P. Verma 《Icarus》1982,49(2):205-212
We present far-infrared observations of Saturn in the wavelength band 76–116 μm, using a balloon-borne 75-cm telescope launched on 10 December 1980 from Hyderabad, India, when B′, the Saturnicentric latitude of the Sun, was 4°.3. Normalizing with respect to Jupiter, we find the average brightness temperature of the disk-ring system to be 90 ± 3° K. Correcting for the contribution from rings using experimental information on the brightness temperature of rings at 20 μm, we find TD, the brightness temperature of the disk, to be 96.9 ± 3.5° K. The systematic errors and the correction for the ring contribution are small for our observations. We, therefore, make use of our estimate of TD and earlier observations of Saturn when contribution from the rings was large and find that for wavelengths greater than 50 μm, there is a small reduction in the ring brightness temperature as compared to that at 20 μm. 相似文献
897.
898.
On the basis of solar flare forecasts, balloon flights were made from Hyderabad, India (vertical geomagnetic threshold rigidity of 16.9 GV), to detect the possible emission of high energy neutrons during solar flares. The detector comprised of a central plastic scintillator, completely surrounded by an anticoincidence plastic scintillator shield. The instrument responds to neutrons of about 15–150 MeV and gamma rays of about 5–30 MeV with about the same efficiency. The detector was flown to an atmospheric depth of 25 g cm-2 on February 26, 1969; while the balloon was at ceiling a flare of importance 2B and one of 1N occurred. No perceptible flare associated increase in the counting rate was observed. Using the observed counting rates, an upper limit of 1.2 × 10-2 neutrons cm-2 sec-1 is obtained for the first time for a flare of importance 2B for neutrons of energy 15–150 MeV. The corresponding upper limit for gamma rays of energy 5–30 MeV is found to be 10-2 photons cm-2 sec-1. The neutron flux limits are compared with the recent calculations of Lingenfelter. 相似文献
899.
900.