杭州市雷电活动特征及雷电灾害区划   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘垚  缪启龙  刘淼  段春锋 《气象与减灾研究》2011,(4):62-67

利用杭州市1966-2005年雷暴日资料和2008-2009年闪电定位资料,运用ArcGIS空间分析技术结合数理统计方法,分析杭州市雷电活动时空分布特征,并采用地闪密度空间分布与最大地闪强度空间分布的叠置作为雷电风险的主要评价指标,得到杭州市雷电灾害致灾危险性区划.分析结果表明,在时间分布上,杭州市雷暴天气多发生在夏季...  相似文献   

近20年中国地区云量变化趋势   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

段皎  刘煜 《气象科技》2011,39(3):280-288

利用国际卫星云气候学计划（ISCCP）最新的D2云气候资料集,给出总云量、高云量及中云量在我国地区的分布特征;分别对季节平均和年平均的时间序列进行线性趋势分析,并进行效果检验。结果表明：近20年来中国大部分地区总云量没有显著的变化趋势,但是,在华南地区和西北部分地区的总云量有增加的趋势,青藏高原中部的总云量有所减少;在不同季节,各地总云量、高云量和中云量的变化趋势是不同的。  相似文献   

中国地区云光学厚度和云滴有效半径变化趋势   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

段皎  刘煜 《气象科技》2011,39(4):408-416

利用ISCCP最新的D2云气候资料集和MODIS云的资料,给出中国地区云的光学厚度和云滴有效半径的分布特征;分别对季节平均和年平均时间序列进行线性趋势分析,并进行了显著性检验。结果表明：夏季云的光学厚度和有效半径的变化趋势最显著。结合云量变化情况,可发现云滴有效半径的变化对云光学厚度的影响可能在夏季最大,也就是说,气溶胶的间接气候效应可能在夏季最强;云量、云光学厚度和云滴有效半径的变化也表明长江以南地区和青藏高原地区可能是气溶胶间接气候效应比较显著的地区。中国地区冰云光学厚度与有效直径的相关具有很强的区域特征,说明冰云的微物理机制比水云更复杂。  相似文献   

A fractal model for the starting pressure gradient for Bingham fluids in porous media embedded with randomly distributed fractal-like tree networks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shifang Wang  Boming Yu  Qian ZhengYonggang Duan  Quantang Fang 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(12):1574-1580

An analytical expression is derived for the starting pressure gradient for Bingham fluids in porous media embedded with randomly distributed fractal-like tree networks based on fractal theory and technique. The proposed model relates the flow rate and the starting pressure gradient to the structural parameters of porous media and microstructural parameters of fractal-like tree networks, the yield stress and fractal dimensions of porous media and maximum mother diameter of randomly distributed fractal-like tree networks. The results show that the starting pressure gradient decreases with the increase of porosity of matrix material, fractal dimension for mother diameters, diameter ratio and permeability, and the starting pressure gradient increases with the increase of the length ratio and the yield stress. The model predictions from the present model for the starting pressure gradient are in good agreement with the available expression.  相似文献   

Paddy soil — A suitable target for monitoring heavy metal pollution by magnetic proxies     

H.T. Yan  S.Y. Hu  U. Blaha  W. Rösler  X.M. Duan  E. Appel 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(2):211-219

A preliminary magnetic study around Meishan steel mill in Nanjing (SE China) was carried out combining geochemical analysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to prove that paddy soil can be a suitable target for environmental study on heavy metal pollution. Magnetic background investigation showed a strong variation in this area due to different land uses and soil types. Magnetic susceptibilities (MS) measured on forest soils are much higher than in paddy fields, and values below 20 cm of the soil surface in forest with parent material of Xiashu loess are several times higher than in paddy soil with parent material of fluvisol. Measurements on vertical profiles show that paddy soil has a very low and stable magnetic background with mass-specific MS around 15 × 10^{− 8} m³ kg^{− 1}. A strong enhancement of MS values is found in the upper ~ 20 cm of paddy soil predominated by multidomain and pseudo single domain magnetite. However, relatively low S-ratios (0.57 to 0.85) reveal a significant contribution of imperfect anti-ferromagnetic minerals. Detailed research on a paddy soil core at site C719 near the steel mill indicates strong correlation between magnetic mineral concentration-related parameters (χ, ARM, SIRM) and heavy metal concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, typical anthropogenic Fe-spherules are detected in top paddy soil by means of SEM, which indicates that the increase of susceptibility in upper soil is mainly caused by steel mill emission. Mapping of MS in paddy fields across the steel mill area shows a decrease of MS with the distance to the major emission zone. Positive correlation between χ and Zn is found by measuring surface soil samples around the steel mill. Because of low background and high homogeneity of the ~ 20 cm uppermost mixing layer paddy fields are especially suitable for magnetic surface mapping of heavy metal pollution.  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地1826年以来榆树树轮宽度年表的建立及降水重建   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

马龙  刘廷玺  冀鸿兰  罗艳云  段利民  杨颖 《第四纪研究》2011,31(2):360-369

利用10个采样点230个树木年轮样本,通过树轮分析程序,建立了科尔沁沙地区域1826～2008年共计183年长度的榆树树轮宽度年表.通过分析发现,水热条件与科尔沁沙地榆树生长关系密切.以标准年表及年表t+1年和t+2年序列重建了区域1826～2006年年降水.从过去181年来看,年降水重建序列具有2年、12年、18年和...  相似文献   

Assessing vegetation dynamics in the Three-North Shelter Forest region of China using AVHRR NDVI data   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Hanchen Duan  Changzhen Yan  Atsushi Tsunekawa  Xiang Song  Sen Li  Jiali Xie 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(4):1011-1020

The Three-North Shelter Forest Programme (TNSFP) covers 551 Chinese counties and an area of 4,069,000 km² mostly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this paper, we discuss the temporal and spatial changes in value of the normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) in this region, and the relationships between NDVI and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) based on NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies NDVI data with 8-km resolution from 1982 to 2006. During the past 25 years, the vegetation cover has generally increased in eastern regions of China and the oasis in the north piedmont of Tianshan Mountains, but has decreased northwest of Xinjiang and in the Hulunbeier Plateau. The multi-year monthly average NDVI distribution map showed that NDVI increased from April to August, but in the western and northern plateau areas, the lower temperatures and high altitude created a shorter growing season (1 or 2 months). The vegetation of the study area has generally increased in the regions covered by the TNSFP. Linear regression analysis of the vegetation cover showed an increasing trend over large areas. The largest annual growth rate per pixel (the slope of the regression) was 0.009; the largest negative annual change was −0.004. The correlation between NDVI and precipitation was higher than that between NDVI and temperature, suggesting that precipitation is the most important factor that affects NDVI changes in the study area, especially for temperate desert vegetation in northwestern China.  相似文献   

Green functions with pulsating sources in a two-layer fluid of finite depth   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段文洋 《中国海洋工程》2011,25(4):609-624

The derivation of Green function in a two-layer fluid model has been treated in different ways.In a two-layer fluid with the upper layer having a free surface,there exist two modes of waves propagating due to the free surface and the interface.This paper is concerned with the derivation of Green functions in the three dimensional case of a stationary source oscillating.The source point is located either in the upper or lower part of a two-layer fluid of finite depth.The derivation is carried out by the method of singularities.This method has an advantage in that it involves representing the potential as a sum of singularities or multipoles placed within any structures being present.Furthermore,experience shows that the systems of equations resulted from using a singularity method possess excellent convergence characteristics and only a few equations are needed to obtain accurate numerical results.Validation is done by showing that the derived two-layer Green function can be reduced to that of a single layer of finite depth or that the upper Green function coincides with that of the lower,for each case.The effect of the density on the internal waves is demonstrated.Also,it is shown how the surface and internal wave amplitudes are compared for both the wave modes.The fluid in this case is considered to be inviscid and incompressible and the flow is irrotational.  相似文献   

特长套铣筒在埋钻事故中的应用     

孙敏  张建中  韩德林 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(2):68-70

以往用煤田钻探常用的套铣筒处理一起普通的埋钻事故耗时费力,又容易滋生次生事故。在使用特长套铣筒处理钻孔中的埋钻事故,可以大大缩短处理事故的时间,减少了工人的劳动强度,收到事半功倍的效果。特长套铣筒采用石油专用的带丝扣套管,每根套管长度12m左右,套管之间用管箍连接,总长度一般在80~100m,套铣筒的下端接套铣筒钻头。套铣筒的规格根据孔内事故钻具的最大外径确定,通常比事故钻具最大外径大两个级差,而又比孔径小两个级差。套铣筒钻头的规格应该比事故钻头的规格小一级或等于事故钻头的外径,钻头合金宜采用孕镶粉未合金或其它抗耐磨合金。山西某煤矿送料孔钻探到497m时埋钻,用普通方法处理上部272m钻具用时24d,改用特长套铣筒处理剩余225m钻具仅用时10d,体现了高效率的特点,为大孔径勘探孔埋钻事故的处理,找到了一条比较快速的处理方法。  相似文献   

基于STA/LTA和分形维算法的微震事件初至自动拾取方法     

段建华 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(7):73-77

精确拾取微地震事件初至是微震定位的关键技术之一。根据STA/LTA和分形维数两种微地震初至拾取方法的原理,采用理论模型数据对两种初至拾取方法进行了测试,并选取不同信噪比的实际数据从初至拾取精度、算法效率两个方面进行了对比。结果表明,对于高信噪比微震事件,两种方法都能获得精度较高的初至,但对于低信噪比微震事件,分形维数与STA/LTA比较其拾取精度相对要高。鉴此,运用STA/LTA和分形维两种算法相结合的微震事件初至拾取方法,对实际数据进行了处理,实现了微震事件初至较为准确的自动拾取。  相似文献