基于CIRCLE特征变换的点群选取改进算法     

钱海忠  武芳  谢鹏  邓红艳  张钊 《测绘科学》2006,31(5):69-70,59

本文在介绍了已有的“基于Circle特征变换的点群选取算法”(测绘科学2005年第3期)基础上,提出了一种改进算法。详细分析了已有算法在线化简过程中对聚类的过度依赖性和线化简过程中的逻辑不一致性等两个主要不足,对特征空间中的线化简等关键步骤进行了改进。最后就改进算法的结果与原先算法的结果进行了对比分析与评价。  相似文献   

北京市城区不同等级道路网对可吸入颗粒物的浓度影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯芳  赵文慧  李志忠  赵文吉 《测绘科学》2012,(5):135-137

本文就北京市内不同等级道路网对可吸入颗粒物的浓度影响进行了研究,选取大气污染物中可吸入颗粒物PM10(包括PM0.3、PM0.5、PM1.0、PM3.0、PM5.0)为研究对象,采用半自动与目视解译相结合的方法提取北京市城区不同等级道路网,于2008年的采暖期与非采暖期在有代表意义的路面上选择42个采样点,分析对比不同等级路面点的可吸入颗粒物的个数和浓度,运用统计学以及GIS和RS等技术手段,进行不同等级道路网对可吸入颗粒物的浓度影响分析。  相似文献   

ArcEngine环境下实现瓦片地图的访问与拼接   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韦胜 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(6):737-740

在C/S模式下,针对瓦片地图的数据组织特点,提出采用ArcEngine的自定义图层实现瓦片地图的动态绘制与投影,利用线程池、异步访问技术、缓存及.Net内存管理机制来提高程序的执行效率和用户互操作性。将基于Win32类库的和基于开源库GDAL的两种瓦片拼接方式结合起来实现瓦片拼接,避免单纯使用GDAL方式的低效率。以城市规划信息查询系统为例证明了此方法的可行性。  相似文献   

富互联网应用程序技术在地理信息系统开发中的应用研究     

廖国衡  吴升 《测绘与空间地理信息》2012,35(4):34-37

结合富互联网应用程序技术的最新进展,以Adobe公司的Flex技术为例,研究了基于四叉树的地图金字塔数据模型与瓦片双缓存技术、Flex与地理信息服务的三种后台交互技术,以及Flex的组件及其皮肤属性、动画、滤镜和FXG图形格式等各种用户体验技术在GIS开发中的应用.  相似文献   

基于方志资料重建1644-1949年长江三角洲地区台风频次序列(英文)     

张向萍  叶瑜  方修琦 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(5):810-824

The proxy records on typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta from 1644 to 1949AD were extracted from historical chorographies in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period.In reference to the basic principles for identifying historical typhoons,time series on the Yangtze River Delta over a period of 306 years were developed.The conclusions are as follows.(1) There were a total of 241 typhoons from 1644 to 1949AD.Using the historical chorographies from 1884 to 1949AD,the number of typhoons was 65,equal to 87.8% recorded by meteorological observation.The number of years with differences in typhoon activities reconstructed using two ways no more than once is 55,reaching 83.3% in the period from 1884 to 1949AD.This result means the series of historical typhoons reconstructed using historical chorographies can represent the change of typhoon activities over years.(2) The average number of typhoon activities is 0.79 times per year from 1644 to 1949AD,and they show an increasing trend.These 306 years can be divided into three periods by the average number of typhoon activities:it is low from 1644 to 1784AD,and more typhoon activities are found from 1785 to 1904AD.It is worth noting that the number of typhoon activities reaches the summit in the last period,which is 1.2 times per year from 1905 to 1949AD.(3) Before the 20th century,the number of typhoon activities in warm periods is less than the number of cold periods.However,the number of typhoon activities increased dramatically in the early 20th century.Comparing the typhoon activities with El Ni o events,the data show that the number of typhoon activities did not increase when El Ni o occurred.  相似文献   

Study on mass balance and sensitivity to climate change in summer on the Qiyi Glacier, Qilian Mountains     

Sheng Wang  JianChen Pu  NingLian Wang 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(4):0281-0287

Based on the glacier mass balance and meteorological data of air temperature and precipitation on the Qiyi Glacier from June 30 to September 5, 2010, we used a degree-day mass balance model to simulate the change of mass balance during this period. Our results indicate that the current value of the mass balance is ?856.2 mm w.e. Subjected to the strong influences of air temperature and precipitation, the mass balance process can be divided into three stages: accumulating exiguously → melting intensively → melting exiguously. The variation trends of the mass balance according to the degree-day mass balance model and the observed values are similar and wholly reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of the glacier mass balance, which increases with the increase of altitude. Our experiment on climate sensitivity of the mass balance showed that mass balance was very sensitive to the change of temperature; air temperature is the key factor which influences mass balance; and a slight increase in precipitation will have a negligible effect on mass balance when the air temperature increases continuously.  相似文献   

Implications of diverse sedimentation patterns in Hala Lake, Qinghai Province, China for reconstructing Late Quaternary climate   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Bernd Wünnemann  Johannes Wagner  Yongzhan Zhang  Dada Yan  Rong Wang  Yan Shen  Xiaoyu Fang  Jiawu Zhang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,48(4):725-749

Hala Lake is located in the Qilian Mountains, Qinghai Province, China, at 4,078?m a.s.l. Its sediments contain an archive of climate and hydrologic changes during the Late Quaternary, as it is located close to the area influenced by the East-Asian summer monsoon and westerly-driven air masses. Sedimentation patterns and depositional conditions within the lake were investigated using eight sediment cores from different water depths, and this information was used to evaluate the feasibility of using a single core to reconstruct past climate and hydrological conditions. Long core H7, from the center of the lake (65?m water depth) and core H8 from a western, near-shore location (20?m water depth), were compared in detail using sediment composition and geochemical data (X-ray fluorescence, loss-on-ignition and CNS analysis). Age models were constructed using 17 AMS radiocarbon dates and indicate negligible reservoir error for sediments from the lake center and?~1,000?year errors for the near-shore sediment core. Cores H1?CH5 and HHLS21-1 revealed a sediment succession from sand and silty clay to laminated clay on the southern side of the lake. Undisturbed, finely laminated sediments were found at water depths???15?m. Core H5 (2.5?m long), from 31?m water depth, yielded abundant green algal mats mixed with clayey lake deposits and was difficult to interpret. Algae occurred between 25 and 32?m water depth and influenced the dissolved oxygen content of the stratified lake. Comparison of cores H7 and H8 yielded prominent mismatches for different time periods, which may, in part, be attributed to internal lacustrine processes, independent of climate influence. We thus conclude that data from a single sediment core may lead to different climate inferences. Common shifts among proxy data, however, showed that major climate shifts, of regional to global significance, can be tracked and allow reconstruction of lake level changes over the last 24,000?years. Results indicate advance of glaciers into the lake basin during the LGM, at which time the lake experienced lowest levels, 25?C50?m below present stage. Stepwise refilling began at ca. 16 kyr BP and reached the ?25?m level during the B?lling/Aller?d warm phase, ca. 13.5 kyr BP. A desiccation episode falls within the Younger Dryas, followed by a substantial lake level rise during the first millennium of the Holocene, a result of climate warming, which promoted glacier melt. By ca. 7.6 kyr BP, the lake reached a stable high stand similar to the present level, which persisted until ca. 6 kyr BP. Disturbed sediments in core H7 indicate a single mass flow that was most likely triggered by a major seismic event?~8.5 kyr BP. Subsequent lake development remains unclear as a consequence of data mismatches, but may indicate a general trend to deteriorating conditions and lake level lowstands at ca. 5.0?C4.2, 2.0 and 0.5 kyr BP.  相似文献   

黄土高原陆面水分的凝结现象及收支特征试验研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

张强  王胜  问晓梅  南玉合  曾剑 《气象学报》2012,70(1):128-135

中国黄土高原是全球独特的地理区域,其陆面水分过程比较特殊。利用黄土高原陆面过程试验研究(LOPEX)的陇中黄土高原定西陆面过程综合观测站的资料,分析了陆面水分凝结现象及其出现频率与局地微气象条件的关系,研究了露水(霜)量及其出现频率的季节分布特征以及受降水和天气阴、晴的影响规律。同时,对比分析了降水、露水、雾水和土壤吸附水对陆面水分的贡献率,讨论了涡动相关法、蒸渗计和蒸发皿观测的陆面蒸发量的差别及其与陆面水分来源的年平衡关系,给出了半干旱区陆面水分平衡的日循环特征。发现露水对风速、大气湿度、近地层温度梯度的依赖很强,一般在风速为1.5 m/s、相对湿度大于80%和逆温强度为0.25℃的情况下露水(霜)量最大;刚降水后的晴天露水量比较大;实际蒸散量与蒸发力的差距十分明显,陆面水分平衡特征表现为一个"呼吸"过程。  相似文献   

A Simulation Study on the Extreme Temperature Events of the 20th Century by Using the BCC_AGCM   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

DONG Min  WU Tongwen  WANG Zaizhi  CHENG Yanjie  ZHANG Fang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):489-506

Extreme temperature events are simulated by using the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model (BCC AGCM) in this paper. The model has been run for 136 yr with the observed external forcing data including solar insolation, greenhouse gases, and monthly sea surface temperature (SST). The daily maximum and minimum temperatures are simulated by the model, and 16 indices representing various extreme temperature events are calculated based on these two variables. The results show that the maximum of daily maximum temperature (TXX), maximum of daily minimum (TNX), minimum of daily maximum (TXN), minimum of daily minimum (TNN), warm days (TX90p), warm nights (TN90p), summer days (SU25), tropical nights (TR20), and warm spell duration index (WSDI) have increasing trends during the 20th century in most regions of the world, while the cold days (TX10p), cold nights (TN10p), and cold spell duration index (CSDI) have decreasing trends. The probability density function (PDF) of warm/cold days/nights for three periods of 1881-1950, 1951- 1978, and 1979-2003 is examined. It is found that before 1950, the cold day/night has the largest probability, while for the period of 1979-2003, it has the smallest probability. In contrast to the decreasing trend of cold days/nights, the PDF of warm days/nights exhibits an opposite trend. In addition, the frost days (FD) and ice days (ID) have decreasing trends, the growing season has lengthened, and the diurnal temperature range is getting smaller during the 20th century. A comparison of the above extreme temperature indices between the model output and NCEP data (taken as observation) for 1948-2000 indicates that the mean values and the trends of the simulated indices are close to the observations, and overall there is a high correlation between the simulated indices and the observations. But the simulated trends of FD, ID, growing season length, and diurnal temperature range are not consistent with the observations and their correlations are low or even negative. This indicates that the model is incapable to simulate these four indices although it has captured most indices of the extreme temperature events.  相似文献   

Precipitation variability during the past 400?years in the Xiaolong Mountain (central China) inferred from tree rings   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Keyan Fang  Xiaohua Gou  Fahu Chen  David Frank  Changzhi Liu  Jinbao Li  Miklos Kazmer 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(7-8):1697-1707

We developed the first tree-ring chronology, based on 73 cores from 29 Pinus tabulaeformis trees, for the Xiaolong Mountain area of central China, a region at the boundary of the Asian summer monsoon. This chronology exhibits significant (at 0.01 level) positive correlations with precipitation in May and June, and negative correlations with temperature in May, June and July. Highest linear correlation is observed between tree growth and the seasonalized (April–July) precipitation, suggesting that tree rings tend to integrate the monthly precipitation signals. Accordingly, the April–July total precipitation was reconstructed back to 1629 using these tree rings, explaining 44.7?% of the instrumental variance. A severe drought occurred in the area during the 1630s–1640s, which may be related to the weakened Asian summer monsoon caused by a low land-sea thermal gradient. The dry epoch during the 1920s–1930s and since the late 1970s may be explained by the strengthened Hadley circulation in a warmer climate. The dry (wet) epochs of the 1920s–1930s (the 1750s and 1950s) occurred during the warm (cold) phases of the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation that are often associated with weakened (strengthened) East Asian summer monsoon. These relationships indicate significant teleconnections operating over the past centuries in central China related to large-scale synoptic features.  相似文献