MapGIS软件坐标系统与MapInfo数据交换的关系     

郭风华  李仁杰  郭顺通 《地理空间信息》2007,5(3):128-130

结合目前GIS数据在不同软件之间交换以实现共享的需求,选择国内用户较多的GIS软件(MapGIS、MapInfo Professional)为研究对象,在剖析MapGIS坐标系统定义理论的基础上,通过分析MapGIS不同坐标系统数据转为MapInfoMIF交换格式的特点,发现了由于坐标系统定义不一致而导致的转换坐标存在的若干问题,并提出了MapGIS不同坐标系统数据的正确转换方案,为MapGIS数据向MapInfo转换提供了方法保障,也为其他GIS软件之间的数据交换提供了思路。  相似文献   

地震分频解释技术在河道砂预测中的应用     

冯斌  赵峰华  王淑华 《地球科学进展》2012,27(5):510-514

地震资料分频处理技术是一种比常规地震属性识别储层更有效的方法。该方法将一定时窗内地震反射波通过离散傅里叶变从时间域换转换到频率域,用转换后的振幅谱和相位谱识别薄储层的厚度变化和边界。通过该技术可以对地震资料中所有单频信号进行有针对性的分析,已经证明是一种具有较高可信度的技术。针对胜利油田老河口油田老168井区馆陶组河道砂油藏厚度薄、横向变化大的地质特征,本文运用分频处理技术对该井区馆陶组地层砂体分布进行预测,并对储层非均质性进行了分析,经钻井证实,预测结果与实际情况十分吻合。  相似文献   

Impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus on atrazine-contaminated soil remediation and detoxification by Arthrobacter sp. strain HB-5     

Qingming Zhang  Lusheng Zhu  Jun Su  Jun Wang  Hui Xie  Jinhua Wang  Fenghua Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1465-1471

The relationship of atrazine-degrading bacteria Arthrobacter sp. HB-5 and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer to atrazine degradation and detoxification in soil was investigated in a microcosm pot experiment. Treatments of soil containing atrazine (AW) with atrazine plus strain HB-5 alone (A), together with atrazine and strain HB-5 plus nitrogen alone (AN), phosphate alone (AP), and nitrogen and phosphate together (ANP) were used to investigate atrazine degradation and ecotoxicity. Atrazine residues in the soils were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, while soil ecotoxicity was tested by micronucleus (MN) assay of Vicia faba root tip cells. The results showed that degradation of atrazine in soil could be facilitated by the treatment of strain HB-5 as well as strain HB-5 application with the addition of nitrogenous and/or phosphorus fertilizers. The degradation rates varied as the following: ANP > AP > AN > A > AW in different treatments. At 10 days post treatment, degradation efficiency of over 90 % was achieved in all strain HB-5 treatments except AW, but with no statistically significant differences found between treatments. Soil ecotoxicity was significantly reduced along with the degradation of atrazine by strain HB-5, and the ecotoxicity of soils with applied fertilizer was below that of treatments without fertilizer. On the seventh day and later, the MN frequencies of all treatments were decreased in the control levels except for AW. Thus, adjusting soil nutrient contents not only promoted strain HB-5 to remove atrazine in soil but also mitigated soil ecotoxicity effects caused by atrazine. These results are important keystones for future remediation of atrazine-contaminated soils.  相似文献   

Influential factors on the exchange rate of dissolved inorganic nutrients at the sediment-water interface in Jiaozhou Bay,China     

王修林  蒋凤华  石晓勇  祝陈坚  韩秀荣 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(3):270-276

Incubation experiments are carried out to study the exchange rates of dissolved inorganic nutrients including silicate, phosphate, ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate （^vSiO3-Si,^vPO4-P, ^vNH4-N, ^vNO2-N and ^vNO3-N） at the sediment-water interface in the Jiaozhou Bay. Major factors influencing the exchange rates are discussed in detail, which include the dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations in porewater （Cpw）, water and clay contents, and grain size of the sediments （CH2O, Cclay and GSsed）. The results may provide insight into the dynamics of nutrient transport and the environmental capacity of nutrients in Jiaozhou Bay, and should be beneficial to solving the problems caused by excessive nutrient input this area.  相似文献   

利用核磁共振物理模拟实验研究岩性油气藏成藏机理   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

陈冬霞  庞雄奇  姜振学  苗盛  张俊  田丰华 《地质学报》2006,80(3):432-438

本文采用核磁共振成像技术(NMR)进行物理模拟实验,直观地观测了岩性圈闭中油的聚集成藏过程并定量模拟了不同条件下砂体中的含油性。实验结果表明,油气在砂体中的聚集是缓慢的,向上、向下及侧向都有油的运移,但以向上的运移速度较快,其次是侧向,向下较慢;温度、压力、砂体物性和围岩含油性是影响砂体含油性的重要因素。在实验研究的基础上,分析了岩性油气成藏的微观机理,将油气成藏过程划分为三个阶段,第一阶段为在扩散作用力、烃浓度差异压力作为动力克服毛细管阻力下的油气在烃源岩孔隙中心顺干酪根网络运移的过程;第二阶段为在毛细管压力差引导下的油气在砂泥岩界面通过孔隙和喉道渗滤的过程;第三阶段为在浮力作用下克服流体流动粘滞阻力和吸附阻力在砂体内富集的过程。  相似文献   

石油开发污染物毒性监测的实验生物筛选Ⅱ.消油剂对水生动物的毒性比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程树军  杨丰华  刘忠华  薛成  魏社林 《热带海洋学报》1999,(3)

用静水式试验方法比较了消油剂对斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon,罗氏沼虾Macrobrachiumrosenbergii,裸项栉虎鱼Ctenogobiusgymnachen和红剑鱼Xiphophorushelleri4种水生动物的急性毒性,并观察了消油剂浓度与水体溶解氧的相关性。结果表明：水体溶解氧与消油剂浓度明显呈负相关。消油剂对斑节对虾仔虾、红剑鱼、罗氏沼虾仔虾和裸项栉虎鱼的半数致死浓度分别为14．9,1725．0,2238.0和5861．4mg·L-1。对消油剂的敏感顺序由大至小为斑节对虾仔虾,红剑鱼,罗氏沼虾仔虾,裸项栉虎鱼。班节对虾仔虾和红剑鱼是监测消油剂生物毒性较为适宜的物种。  相似文献   

煤中硒的研究现状   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

张军营  任德贻  许德伟  赵峰华 《煤田地质与勘探》1999,27(2):16-18

中国煤中硒平均含量高于美国煤和世界煤。中国燃烧型硒污染比较严重。本文总结了煤中硒的分布特征、赋存状态、成因、迁移转化和对环境的影响及其研究进展。  相似文献   

煤中有害微量元素富集的成因类型初探   总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30  

任德贻  赵峰华  张军营  许德伟 《地学前缘》1999,6(Z1):17-22

媒中微量元素的富集受多种因素和多期作用控制,往往是多因素叠加的结果。文中对煤中有害微量元素富集的成因类型进行了初步探讨,根据煤中有害元素富集的主导因素,划分出5种媒中有害微量元素富集的成因类型：（1）陆源富集型;（2）沉积-生物作用富集型;（3）岩浆-热液作用富集型;（4）深大断裂-热浪作用富集型;（5）地下水作用富集型。对煤中有害微量元素的来源。运移、富集的地质地球化学背景进行深入研究,将有助于发展中国煤地球化学基础理论,也可为煤利用过程中的环境保护提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Spatial Distribution of Surface Soil Organic Carbon Density and Related Factors along an Urbanization Gradient in Beijing     

TIAN Yuhong  LIU Fenghua  WANG Tiantian 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(5):508-515

Urban surface soil has a unique set of structures and processes that affect surface soil organic carbon density (SOC_density) and its spatial variations. Using Beijing as a case study, and assisted by field investigations and experiments, we analyzed the spatial distribution of SOC_density in different land use types and functional regions, and assessed associated factors such as urbanization level, the physiochemical properties of soil and plant configurations. The present study aims to provide useful information about the mechanisms driving soil organic carbon and climate change in developing and developed areas in urbanized regions like Beijing. Results indicate that P is the main factor positively influencing SOC_density in most regions. Because of the specific interference directly related to human beings in urban areas, with decreases in the urbanization level, more physiochemical factors of soil can influence SOC_density. SOC_density under grasses is not significantly different from that under other plant compositions. Urbanization processes decrease the heterogeneity of the spatial pattern of SOC_density in most land use types, but increased its contents when the area reached a developed level in Beijing. More factors related to human interference and spatial variation of surface soil carbon storage, especially under impervious land in urban areas, should be considered in future studies.  相似文献   

北京城市下垫面大气CO₂反演算法     

吴浩  王先华  叶函函  蒋芸  段锋华  吕松 《遥感学报》2019,23(6):1223-1231

大气温室气体监测仪GMI（Greenhouse gases Monitor Instrument）是高分五号（GF-5）卫星载荷之一,主要用于全球温室气体含量监测和碳循环研究。高精度反演是卫星大气CO₂遥感的基本需求。地表反射率影响卫星遥感辐射量及辐射传输过程中的地气耦合过程,严重制约着CO₂的反演精度,针对GMI开发高精度的大气CO₂反演算法,地表反射是一个需要重点考虑的因素。城市是CO₂重要的发射源,且城市下垫面存在明显的二向反射特性,加上城市大气条件不良,复杂的地气耦合效应存在这都考验反演算法的准确性和鲁棒性。本文针对北京城市地区,利用2011年—2016年共5年的MODIS（MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）地表二向反射分布函数BRDF（Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function）数据,构建了适合利用单次观测数据反演的BRDF模型,并提出一种同时反演地表BRDF参数和大气CO₂含量的算法。结果表明在550 nm波长处气溶胶光学厚度AOD（Aerosol Optical Depth）小于0.4时,大部分GMI模拟数据的反演误差控制在0.5%（~2 ppm）内。利用GOSAT （Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite）实测数据的反演结果与修正后的日本国立环境研究所NIES（National Institute for Environmental Studies）反演结果进行对比,其平均误差为1.25 ppm,相关性达到0.85。本算法满足GMI数据在北京城市区域高精度CO₂反演的需求,并使得反演高值气溶胶区域数据成为可能,增加了GMI观测数据的利用率。  相似文献