Experimental and theoretical study on the effect of unsteady flow on the fracturing pressure in hydraulic fracturing test     

Mingze Liu  Guang Zhang  Guogang Gou  Bing Bai  Shaobin Hu  Xiaochun Li 《Natural Hazards》2018,90(3):1137-1151

Reasonable determination of formation fracturing pressure concerns the stable operation of underground fluid injection projects. In this work, we studied the effect of unsteady flow on fracturing pressure. Hydraulic fracturing tests on low permeable sandstone were conducted with the injection rate between 0.1 and 2.0 ml/min. Then, the fracturing pressure prediction models for hollow cylinder under both unsteady flow and steady flow conditions were deduced. Finally, the effect of unsteady flow on the fracturing pressure was studied based on the experimental result and several influence factors. It was shown that fracturing pressure increased with the elevated pressurization rate in the tests, while the slope of the variation curve decreases. The model considering unsteady flow can reflect the variation tendency of fracturing pressures in experiments, while fracturing pressures from the model considering steady flow are invariant with different pressurization rates. Fracturing pressure decreases with the elevated rock permeability and increases with the elevated fluid viscosity, and these two effects are actually generated by the unsteady flow. Whether to consider the unsteady flow has no significant influence on the effect of rock tensile strength on fracturing pressure when the tensile strength is very low. However, when the tensile strength is high, the effect of unsteady flow cannot be neglected.  相似文献   

2017年西藏米林MS6.9地震前地磁垂直强度极化异常特征          下载免费PDF全文

李霞  冯丽丽  赵玉红  刘磊  苟智栋  樊文杰  贺曼秋  廖晓峰  艾萨·伊斯马伊力 《地震学报》2021,43(5):584-594

基于中国大陆65 个地磁台站秒采样观测资料,利用地磁垂直强度极化方法提取了2017年西藏米林M_S6.9 地震震中及附近区域超低频电磁异常信号并分析其时空演化特征。结果显示:米林M_S6.9 地震前在青藏高原出现了大范围的地磁垂直强度极化高值异常,异常过程共持续9天;高值异常开始于2017 年10 月30 日,高值持续3 天之后出现短时间下降,随即转折上升,再次出现高值异常并持续了4 天,在此过程中各高值台站的时序曲线呈现出单峰或双峰的形态。空间分布图显示高值异常在中国大陆西部区域反复出现,尤其是在青藏高原巴颜喀拉地块与羌塘地块的交界处。异常呈“出现—扩大—收缩—消失—扩大—消失”的演化过程,10月31日异常面积达到最大值。异常过程结束后10天发生了西藏米林M_S6.9地震,震中距离10 月31 日异常阈值线5 km。综合分析认为,此次异常与米林地震具有较强的时空相关性,是可靠的地震电磁前兆异常。   相似文献   

Numerical simulation of carbon dioxide injection for enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR) in Altmark natural gas field     

Yang Gou  Zhengmeng Hou  Hejuan Liu  Lei Zhou  Patrick Were 《Acta Geotechnica》2014,9(1):49-58

This paper studied the CO₂-EGR in Altmark natural gas field with numerical simulations. The hydro-mechanical coupled simulations were run using a linked simulator TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D. In order to consider the gas mixing process, EOS7C was implemented in TOUGH2MP. A multi-layered 3D model (4.4 km × 2 km × 1 km) which consists of the whole reservoir, caprock and base rock was generated based on a history-matched PETREL model, originally built by GDF SUEZ E&P Deutschland GmbH for Altmark natural gas field. The model is heterogeneous and discretized into 26,015 grid blocks. In the simulation, 100,000 t CO₂ was injected in the reservoir through well S13 within 2 years, while gas was produced from the well S14. Some sensitivity analyses were also carried out. Simulation results show that CO₂ tends to migrate toward the production well S14 along a NW–SE fault. It reached the observation wells S1 and S16 after 2 years, but no breakthrough occurred in the production well. After 2 years of CO₂ injection, the reservoir pressure increased by 2.5 bar, which is beneficial for gas recovery. The largest uplift (1 mm) occurred at the bottom of the caprock. The deformation was small (elastic) and caprock integrity was not affected. With the injection rate doubled the average pressure increased by 5.3 bar. Even then the CO₂ did not reach the production well S14 after 2 years of injection. It could be concluded that the previous flow field was established during the primary gas production history. This former flow field, including CO₂ injection/CH₄ production rate during CO₂-EGR and fault directions and intensity are the most important factors affecting the CO₂ transport.  相似文献   

Caractérisation géochimique et bactériologique des nappes d’une région à climat tropical sec au centre Sud de Madagascar     

Mohamed Gou Zakaria  A. Ranaivoarisoa  L.R. Robison 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):746-759

Résumé

Le district de Betroka, soumis à un climat tropical sec, connaît d’importants problèmes de ressource en eau. Cette situation se traduit pour de nombreux habitants par la consommation d’eau de très mauvaise qualité tant sur le plan physico-chimique, que sur le plan bactériologique. Pour tenter d’améliorer cette situation, le gouvernement malgache a entrepris un programme d’alimentation en eau potable et assainissement en milieu rural (projet 350 forages), cadre du présent travail, afin d’assurer à l’eau destinée à l’alimentation humaine une qualité suffisante en termes bactériologique et minéral. L’étude microbiologique de l’eau souterraine du district de Betroka a confirmé l’absence de bactéries d’origine fécale. L’étude hydrochimique a révélé différents processus conduisant à la minéralisation des eaux souterraines en relation avec : (a) la remontée d’eau saline d’origine profonde à partir des fractures transversales du cisaillement majeur de Betroka, et à partir des failles normales à l’origine du graben de Mangoky et du domaine du massif en dôme et bassin du complexe intrusif d’Ianakafy ; (b) la dissolution des aérosols et embruns marins déposés, dissous par la pluie et entraînés jusqu’aux aquifères ; et (c) l’interaction des eaux météoriques et souterraines avec les minéraux des roches encaissantes (scapolite, phlogopite, biotite, hornblende, pyroxène…) qui pourrait également contribuer à la forte minéralisation observée.  相似文献   

羌塘盆地晚三叠世含煤岩系沉积体系与层序地层学特征     

仙麦龙  王辉  马君龙  苟甲有  王少飞 《中国煤炭地质》2012,(4):1-5

利用地层剖面岩相组合、沉积构造序列,结合粒度分布特征等分析了研究区晚三叠世沉积体系与沉积环境演化,建立了含煤岩系层序地层格架,讨论了含煤岩系层序地层学特征和煤层在层序格架下的位置、聚煤特征及空间分布规律。研究表明,晚三叠世含煤岩系沉积体系有浅海碎屑陆棚沉积体系、滨岸沉积体系及三角洲沉积体系,其中三角洲沉积体系的三角洲平原是区内最主要的成煤地带,煤层均位于SQ1层序的高位体系域内,分布于盆地中央隆起带内,向南、北两侧,由于水体加深而脱离沼泽沉积环境,不利于煤层的形成。中央隆起带是羌塘盆地今后重要的找煤方向。  相似文献   

Thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of carbon dioxide injection for enhanced gas-recovery (CO2-EGR): a benchmarking study for code comparison   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Zhengmeng Hou  Yang Gou  Joshua Taron  Uwe Jens Gorke  Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(2):549-561

The objective of this paper was to investigate the THM-coupled responses of the storage formation and caprock, induced by gas production, CO₂-EGR (enhanced gas recovery), and CO₂-storage. A generic 3D planer model (20,000?×?3,000?×?100?m, consisting of 1,200?m overburden, 100?m caprock, 200?m gas reservoir, and 1,500?m base rock) is adopted for the simulation process using the integrated code TOUGH2/EOS7C-FLAC3D and the multi-purpose simulator OpenGeoSys. Both simulators agree that the CO₂-EGR phase under a balanced injection rate (31,500?tons/year) will cause almost no change in the reservoir pressure. The gas recovery rate increases 1.4?% in the 5-year CO₂-EGR phase, and a better EGR effect could be achieved by increasing the distance between injection and production wells (e.g., 5.83?% for 5?km distance, instead of 1.2?km in this study). Under the considered conditions there is no evidence of plastic deformation and both reservoir and caprock behave elastically at all operation stages. The stress path could be predicted analytically and the results show that the isotropic and extensional stress regime will switch to the compressional stress regime, when the pore pressure rises to a specific level. Both simulators agree regarding modification of the reservoir stress state. With further CO₂-injection tension failure in reservoir could occur, but shear failure will never happen under these conditions. Using TOUGH-FLAC, a scenario case is also analyzed with the assumption that the reservoir is naturally fractured. The specific analysis shows that the maximal storage pressure is 13.6?MPa which is determined by the penetration criterion of the caprock.  相似文献   

姬塬油田胡154井区延长组长4+5储层特征     

王振川  朱玉双  李超  苟永俊  张扬  田国庆  曹俊锋 《地质科技情报》2012,31(3):63-69

通过岩心观察、测井及各类分析测试资料,对姬塬油田胡1 54井区延长组长4+5油层组储层岩石学、孔隙结构和储集体物性等特征进行了研究.结果表明,研究区延长组长4+5为典型的低孔、特低孔-起低渗储层;储集砂体为成分成熟度和结构成熟度都较低的岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩;储集空间主要为粒间孔和长石溶孔;孔隙结构以小孔微喉型...  相似文献   

电成像测井孔隙度分析技术及其在碳酸盐岩储层产能预测中的应用     

李晓辉  周彦球  缑艳红  王玉华  姜宝彦 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(4):928-934

深入研究了电成像测井的测量方式,提出一种基于电成像低频分量的电阻率刻度公式,结合Archie公式并引入常规测井数据及处理成果,严格推导出一种可将电成像测井数据直接标定为孔隙度的算法。此方法省略了先作电阻率刻度再应用Archie公式等中间步骤,处理过程得以简化,并可消除Archie公式中a、b、n、S_xo、R_mf等参数以及浅侧向测井R_LLS等因素对处理结果的影响,较大程度地实现了数据的自适应性处理。在此基础上,对孔隙度频谱进行多种统计分析,开展了类似核磁的区间孔隙度分析以及类似油藏描述中渗透率评价的孔隙度径向非均质性分析,将研究成果应用于碳酸盐岩储层产能预测中,引入“孔隙贡献因子”概念,并通过测井资料和试油资料建立了“孔隙度贡献因子”与储层产油强度的定量关系。  相似文献   

利用CAP法研究重庆荣昌2014年2月23日ML3.8地震震源机制     

王小龙  雷兴林  郭欣  于天航  勾宪斌  余国政 《中国地震研究》2016,30(2):233-239

利用CAP(cut-and-paste）法反演2014年2月23日重庆荣昌ML3.8地震震源机制,得到震级MW为3.04,节面Ⅰ走向46°、倾角44°、滑动角74°,节面Ⅱ走向247°、倾角48°、滑动角104°,P轴方位147.25°、仰角-2.09°,T轴方位46°、仰角-78.76°,表明该地震是带走滑分量的逆冲型地震。CAP测定的这次ML3.8震源深度为3km,在盖层内,震源机制解中节面Ⅱ走向、倾角与震中附近的一条深度为1700m走向为SW230°倾向NW,倾角约45°的“腹底”逆断层基本一致。震中位于荣昌天然气田,附近有几口废水回注深井,曾发生大量的注水诱发地震。本次地震亦有可能是在区域主应力场的作用下,注水后岩石的孔隙发生变化触发了盖层内“腹底”断层活动的结果。  相似文献   

汶川8.0级地震天水前兆资料异常特征及震情分析与研究     

姚玉霞  杨晓鹏  王建荣  缑亚江 《震灾防御技术》2014,9(S1):709-717

通过对天水地区监测和收集的2008年前兆资料整理分析,在汶川8.0级地震前,天水电磁和地下流体等前兆测项均有明显短临异常,同震效应突出。本文在回溯总结这些异常的基础上提出震情分析的思路和问题探讨,对今后本地区的地震趋势判断提供参考。  相似文献