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71.
Paleocollapse structure as a passageway for groundwater flow and contaminant transport 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wan Fang Zhou 《Environmental Geology》1997,32(4):251-257
Paleocollapse structure is a rock collapse, resulting from the failure in the geological history of the bedrock overlying
karstified limestone. Depending on the present hydrogeological conditions within the area of paleocollapse and the internal
properties of these structures, they can provide a means to facilitate groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Inactive
paleocollapse structures can be reactivated by human activities such as dam construction, mining underground minerals, pumping
groundwater, and development of landfills. They can also be reactivated by natural events such as earthquakes and neotectonic
movements. In the mines of northern China, sudden inflow of karst water from Ordovician limestone into drifts and mining stopes
through paleocollapse structures has caused significant economic loss. Water pumping tests and accompanied dye traces are
effective approaches of locating water-conducting paleocollapse structures. Grouting is probably the best means of preventing
them from becoming geohazards.
Received: 26 November 1996 · Accepted: 17 June 1997 相似文献
72.
矿物纤维粉尘的表面特性及对生物活性的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
通过对矿物纤维粉尘对人体的危害性及对环境影响的研究,提出了一些矿物产生毒理作用过程的假说和因素判定;研究了矿物与生物体之间的相互作用时应重视矿物表面-细胞物理化学作用,并依据初步试验提出表面特征是矿物纤维表征生物活性的关键因子(如表面活性域、催化作用等),而纤维性只是矿物表面特性的表征因素之一。 相似文献
73.
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76.
瞬变电磁法在煤矿水害防治中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
煤层附近的富水区(带)严重威胁着煤矿的生产安全,探明地下煤层附近富水区的赋存和断层、裂隙的发育情况,可以有效地指导煤矿水害的防治工作。对于含水地层及富水区,瞬变电磁法在多测道剖面上具有典型响应特征,据此可以查明地下水分布情况。在山东某煤田和河南某矿,应用瞬变电磁勘探,准确地查明了煤层顶底板富水区。. 相似文献
77.
地质雷达在隧道检测中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
隧道施工完成后用常规方法很难对衬砌质量做出系统评价,地质雷达利用超高频脉冲电磁波探测目标介质的介电常数,很容易掌握砼衬砌结构的厚度、衬砌周围回填及空隙情况,围岩断层裂隙构造情况等,为工程技术评价提供依据。文章以实例,介绍了利用地质雷达对隧道进行检测所使用的仪器、工作参数及地质雷达资料处理解释步骤,并通过对几幅典型雷达图像进行分析介绍了不同异常结构在雷达剖面上的反映。 相似文献
78.
The annual and semi-annual variations of the ionosphere are investigated in the present paper by using the daytime F2 layer peak electron concentration (NmF2) observed at a global ionosonde network with 104 stations. The main features are outlined as follows. (1) The annual variations are most pronounced at magnetic latitudes of 40–60° in both hemispheres, and usually manifest as winter anomalies; Below magnetic latitude of 40° as well as in the tropical region they are much weaker and winter anomalies that are not obvious. (2) The semi-annual variations, which are usually peak in March or April in most regions, are generally weak in the near-pole regions and strong in the far-pole regions of both hemispheres. (3) Compared with their annual components, the semi-annual variations in the tropical region are more significant.In order to explain the above results, we particularly analyze the global atomic/molecular ratio of [O/N2] at the F2 layer peak height by the MSIS90 model. The results show that the annual variation of [O/N2] is closely related with that of NmF2 prevailing in mid-latitudes and [O/N2] annual variation usually may lead to the winter anomalies of NmF2 occurring in the near-pole region. Moreover, NmF2 semi-annual variations appearing in the tropical region also have a close relationship with the variation of [O/N2]. On the other hand, the semi-annual variations of NmF2 in the far-pole region cannot be simply explained by that of [O/N2], but the variation of the solar zenith angle may also have a significant contribution. 相似文献
79.
Soil moisture potential and water content in the unsaturated zone within the arid Ejina Oasis in Northwest China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
X. Zhou L. Wan B. Fang W. B. Cao S. J. Wu F. S. Hu W. D. Feng 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(6-7):831-839
Three soil profiles were selected in the Ejina Oasis, northwest China, to determine water content profiles and evolution of soil moisture potentials in the unsaturated zone within the arid area. The total soil moisture potentials have been monitored for about 3 months in 2001 at different depths in the soil profiles. The occurrence and movement of water in the unsaturated zone was analyzed using the zero flux plane (ZFP) method. It is shown that convergent ZFPs and divergent ZFPs may occur at depths between 0.5 and 3.0 m, and that the depth of the ZFPs was controlled by the root zone of plants growing on the land surface. Profiles of the total soil moisture potentials were observed to be coincident with those of the water contents at the three experimental sites. The total soil moisture potential showed a slight increasing trend and the ZFPs tend to vanish from summer to winter as the water extraction by roots decreased. Evapotranspiration through vegetation has an important bearing on the water content and the total potential in the unsaturated zone. 相似文献
80.
We perform a global statistical investigation into the problem of Coulomb stress triggering of earthquakes by using the Harvard CMT catalogue of shallow earthquakes from 1976 to 2001. We consider ‘earthquake pairs’, i.e., pairs of successive earthquakes occurring near each other with similar focal mechanisms, and address the problem of whether or not the change of the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) produced by the first earthquake of the pair ‘encourages’ the occurrence of the second one. An interesting feature is that such a Coulomb stress-triggering phenomenon has an apparent focal mechanism dependence: for thrust earthquakes, a more evident triggering effect can be observed. 相似文献