原油中的正构烷烃类在海沙和海水中风化的模拟实验     

邝伟明  陈文锋  张元标  暨卫东 《台湾海峡》2012,31(4):479-483

通过自然条件下沙表层和水面溢油的模拟风化实验,采用GC-MS作为检测器,研究原油中的正构烷烃在厦门地区的风化规律.结果表明,在一个月的风化模拟实验中,两种不同介质溢油风化均明显体现轻组分的正构烷烃丢失现象,且正构烷烃组分在水面溢油的风化速率低于沙表层溢油速率1～2个碳数.沙上模拟实验后期APr/APh比值明显受到风化影响,诊断比值不适用于油源鉴别.诊断比值An-C17/APr、An-C18/APh在短期风化过程中受风化影响小.水面溢油模拟实验结束后发现水体中n-C13-n-C29的正构烷烃组分含量升高2.9%～327.4%.  相似文献   

城市雨水地下回灌过程中悬浮物表面堵塞规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王子佳  杜新强  冶雪艳  宋晓明  张加双  高翠萍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(2):492-498

雨洪资源地下回灌是缓解城市供水压力、解决地下水过量开采引起环境负效应的有效途径之一,但堵塞问题却是制约回灌技术推广的关键问题。基于前人理论,研究了入渗介质与悬浮物粒径中值之比(D₅₀/d₅₀)对堵塞层空间分布的影响。以建立表面堵塞预测模型为目的,利用城市雨水回灌细粒石英砂介质开展室内实验,观测雨水回灌的表面堵塞过程并获取渗透性变化的观测数据。根据物理、化学与生物堵塞的产生条件及堵塞特点,判断雨水回灌产生的堵塞性质为物理堵塞。引入过滤模型描述堵塞的发展过程,确定了模型用于模拟细砂表面堵塞的参数值：孔隙堵塞系数（α）为0.15 m²/kg,阻力增长系数（f′R′）为20 000 m/kg。在不改变以上2个参数值的条件下,用该模型模拟不同悬浮物粒径悬浊水回灌细粒石英砂的堵塞过程,取得了较好的拟合效果。此过滤模型可以用于模拟入渗介质与悬浮物粒径D₅₀/d₅₀值小于5的表面堵塞的发展过程,可定量预测堵塞对回灌速率的影响。  相似文献   

扬子地块西、北缘中元古代地层的划分与对比   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

耿元生  旷红伟  柳永清  杜利林 《地质学报》2017,91(10):2151-2174

广泛分布于扬子地块西缘和北缘的中元古代地层经历了强烈的变形和绿片岩相的变质改造。根据形成时代,该区的中元古代可以识别出两个阶段,中元古代早期(1.8~1.4Ga)和中元古代晚期(1.4~1.0Ga)。中元古代早期的地层包括大红山群、东川群、河口群和通安组(1~4段),中元古代晚期的地层主要由分布在扬子地块西南缘的昆阳群、会理群和分布于扬子地块北缘的神农架群和打鼓石群组成。新的锆石原位定年结果表明,通安组的凝灰岩形成于1744±14Ma左右,河口群角斑岩形成于1659±23Ma左右,侵入会理群天宝山组的辉长辉绿岩形成于1026±7Ma左右。根据岩石组合、形成环境以及年代学资料,中元古代早期的大红山群、东川群、河口群和通安组(1~4段)形成时代相近,地层组成基本相同,它们都含有与岩浆热液有关的铁氧化物铜金(IOCG)矿床或层状铜矿床(SSC),都在1.75~1.45Ga期间形成于大陆裂解环境。扬子地块北缘的火地垭群也可能属于中元古代早期地层。中元古代晚期地层在扬子地块西缘北缘均有分布,其中的昆阳群和会理群大体形成于1.2~1.0Ga,神农架群和打鼓石群形成于1.4~1.0Ga,它们的顶界可能延伸到新元古代早期。在中元古代晚期的地层中含有大量叠层石,表明它们形成于温暖潮湿的浅海环境。除上述的中元古代晚期地层之外,云南元谋地区的苴林群、川西的登相营群、通安组五段等也属于中元古代晚期的地层。  相似文献   

The 144–140 Ma Mafic Dykes in North China and Northeast China Indicating Regional Extensional Tectonic Setting     

XU Huan  LIU Yongqing  KUANG Hongwei  PENG Nan 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):353-354

<正>Objective Previous studies indicate that the North China Craton(NCC)had undergone the loss of thickened lithosphere and fundamental change of physical and chemical property of lithospheric mantle(the destruction of NCC)during the Mesozoic.The peak period of the destruction of NCC is estimated to be 130 Ma,accompanied by widespread metamorphic core complex,rift basins,A-type  相似文献   

2008年春季中国南方冰雪冻害林木折损分析     

邵全琴  黄麟  刘纪远  匡文慧  李佳 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(2):219-234

An abrupt ice and snow storm disaster which occurred in the spring of 2008 severely destroyed forests over a surprisingly large portion of southern China. A transect crossing Jinggang Mountain-Jitai Basin-Yushan Mountain-Wuyi Mountain was selected as the study area. The authors integrated field data collected in two field surveys to analyze the impacts of the disturbance on forests. The following results were obtained. (1) The extent of damage to plantations along the transect decreased in the order of slash pine > masson pine > mixed plantation > Chinese fir. Slash pine is an introduced species from southern America which is characterized by fast growth, low wood quality and rich oleoresin, and showed a damage rate of 61.3% of samples, of which 70.4% cannot recover naturally. Masson pine is the native pioneer species of forests with harder wood, and 52.5% were damaged due to turpentine, of which 60.9% cannot recovery naturally. Chinese fir is a local tree species and samples showed a rate of 46% and a relative rate of 32.5%, lower than the mixed plantation. (2) From west to east along the transect, we can see that evergreen broad-leaved forest of the western transect on Jinggang Mountain showed the lightest damage extent, and a Cryptomeria plantation at an altitude of 700 m was severely destroyed while Chinese fir showed light damage below 700 m and relatively severe damage above 900 m. Masson pine and slash pine in the central transect in Jitai Basin were damaged severely due to turpentine activities, and closed natural secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest was damaged severely due to high ice and snow accumulation on intertwined shrubs. Masson pine aerial-seeding plantations below 400 m along the eastern transect in Xingguo and Ningdu counties were nearly undamaged for small tree sizes, and Chinese fir at 500-900 m altitude showed a lighter damage extent. However, masson pine which was distributed above 400 m and planted in the 1960s, was severely damaged due to turpentine.  相似文献   

京津唐城市群不透水地表增长格局以及水环境效应   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

匡文慧  刘纪远  陆灯盛 《地理学报》2011,66(11):1486-1496

不透水地表(Impervious Surface Area,ISA) 时空格局是城市化与全球环境变化交互影响下的土地利用/覆盖变化-生态系统过程-区域气候变化相互作用机理以及导致的环境效应研究的重要内容。如何快速准确地实现区域尺度不透水地表遥感信息的获取是上述研究面临的重要瓶颈问题。本研究嵌入中国LUCC 信息改进了基于MODIS NDVI 与夜间灯光指数(DMSP-OLS) 提取不透水地表信息的方法,反演了2000 年与2008 年京津唐城市群2 期250 m不透水地表信息,进而分析其变化的时空格局,结合子流域单元与河流污染物监测数据评价其对海河流域地表水环境的影响。结论表明：受环渤海经济区,天津滨海新区开发等政策的影响,京津唐城市群在21 世纪初8 年不透水地表沿着城-乡梯度带、城市交通廊道及海岸带高速增长。城乡建设用地不透水地表增长呈现显著的时空差异特征,由于北京市受人口-资源-环境的压力,产业发展不断向周边地区转移,天津与河北唐山、廊坊、秦皇岛三市具有更快的不透水地表增长速度。京津唐城市群城市高密度的不透水地表分布对于海河流域地表水环境产生严重影响,不透水地表的增长加剧了流域河流水质的污染程度。同时也发现,子流域不透水地表面积比例与COD、NH₃-N浓度均值呈现显著的线性关系。  相似文献   

甘肃地区S波非弹性衰减Q值研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈继锋  赵翠萍  杨立明 《地震》2010,30(1)

文中利用新建"十五"数字化地震观测网络项目记录到的甘肃地区地震波形资料,研究了甘肃地区S波的非弹性衰减Q值,得到甘肃东南地区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=374.0f0.3084;祁连山中东段地区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=693.6f0.2865。从分区Q值研究结果看,各分区之间存在较大差异,显示出了Q值空间分布的非均匀性特征,这种区域差异性与甘肃地区构造活动、地震活动、地壳速度结构及热活动状态的区域差异性有较好的一致性,活动强烈、高热活动以及低速区为相对低Q值区,地震波衰减较快。  相似文献   

The formation and evolution of Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-uplift and its control on the distributions of sedimentary facies in the Junggar Basin     

JI YouLiang  ZHOU Yong  KUANG Jun  WAN Lu  ZHANG Rui & LU ChunHong State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource  Prospecting  China University of Petroleum  Beijing  China  Xinjiang Oil Field  Urumqi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(6)

The Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-uplift is a large-scale uplift stretching across the Junggar Basin formed during the Yanshanian. It has experienced four evolutionary stages: the initial forming stage (J1), the intense development stage (J2+3), the waning and burial stage (K-E), and the tilting and extinction stage (N-Q). The most intense period of activities is the Middle Jurassic. Dur-ing the Early Jurassic, the Chepaizi-Mosuowan paleo-structure was a low amplitude uplift. Because of the subsequent strong upli...  相似文献   

The biotic and environmental response to the geological events on the Earth during the Late Mesozoic.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

LIU Yong-Qing KUANG Gong-Wei JI Shu-An LV Jun-Chang LIU Yan-Hua JIANG Xiao-Jun BANG Nan 《地学前缘》2009,16(5):37

  相似文献   

物源分析方法的综合运用 ——以苏北盆地高邮凹陷泰一段地层为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

徐田武  宋海强  况昊  王英民  陈莉琼  齐立新 《地球学报》2009,30(1):111-118

目前高邮凹陷深层勘探以寻找岩性油气藏为主,准确预测岩性体储层是寻找油气藏的关键,而对岩性体做出准确的预测,需要对沉积时期的物源做出准确的判断。利用重矿物法、碎屑岩类分析法、沉积法对高邮凹陷的物源进行了分析。重矿物的相关性分析及R型聚类分析表明本区存在南北两大物源;碎屑岩类分析法表明本区物源来自再旋回造山带,砾岩和岩屑的分析表明本区也存在南北两大物源;沉积法表明本区除了南北两大物源外,还存在一个来自盆地西部菱塘低凸起的次级物源。结果表明：高邮凹陷泰一段沉积时期,存在3个方向的物源,分别来自凹陷南部的通扬隆起、北部的建湖隆起、西部的菱塘低凸起,物源对凹陷的贡献的大小也如上隆起顺序依次递减。  相似文献