Reconstructing the Growth of High Topography Across Eastern Tibet in Space and Time     

Kevin FURLONG  Eric KIRBY  WANG Erchie  Matthijs VAN SOEST  XU Ganqing  SHI Xuhu  Peter KAMP  Martin DANISIK  Kip HODGES 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):37-37

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Community readiness for a new tsunami warning system: quasi-experimental and benchmarking evaluation of a school education component   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Kevin R. Ronan  Kylie Crellin  David M. Johnston 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(3):1411-1425

Youth preparedness for disasters is a growing area of research. However, studies to date have relied on cross-sectional, correlational research designs. The current study replicated aspects of the one other study to date that has used a quasi-experimental strategy to evaluate youth preparedness for disasters. This study evaluated whether children were more knowledgeable and prepared for hazards generally but also in more specific relation to the rollout of a new tsunami warning system. Using a pretest–posttest with benchmarking design, the study found that following a brief school education program, supplementing a larger community-wide effort, children reported significant gains in preparedness indicators including increased knowledge as well as increases in physical and psychosocial preparedness. Within group effect sizes compared favorably with those from the previous experimental study in this area used to benchmark current intervention-produced findings and produced hints that combining school education programs with larger community preparedness efforts can enhance preparedness. Given that this is only one of two experimentally-based studies in an area of research largely dominated by cross-sectional designs, future research should consider the use of experimental designs, including those that are pragmatic and fit with needs of the school. The current approach has limitations that need to be considered. However, it also has some real advantages, including being used more extensively in fieldwork studies that evaluate various types of interventions. Through increased use of experimental design strategies, researchers can then also have increased confidence that educational programs are the source of increases in disaster resilience in youth and their families.  相似文献   

Book Review Forum—Learning the City with Colin Mcfarlane     

Neil M. Coe  Ananya Roy  Kevin Ward  Andrew Harris  Ola Söderström  Tim Bunnell 《Urban geography》2013,34(1):131-150

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A search for ⁶Li in stars with planets     

Bacham E. Reddy  David L. Lambert  Chris Laws  Guillermo Gonzalez  Kevin Covey 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,335(4):1005-1016

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The Meteoritical Bulletin,No. 90, 2006 September     

Harold C. Connolly  Jutta Zipfel  Jeffrey N. Grossman  Luigi Folco  Caroline Smith  Rhian H. Jones  Kevin Righter  Michael Zolensky  Sara S. Russell  Gretchen K. Benedix  Akira Yamaguchi  Barbara A. Cohen 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2006,41(9):1383-1418

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Ernst Zinner,lithic astronomer     

Kevin D. McKeegan 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(7-8):1045-1054

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Future trends in transport and fate of diffuse contaminants in catchments,with special emphasis on stable isotope applications     

Jeffrey Turner  Hans‐Jrgen Albrechtsen  Mike Bonell  Jean‐Pierre Duguet  Bob Harris  Rainer Meckenstock  Kevin McGuire  Roger Moussa  Norman Peters  Hans H. Richnow  Barbara Sherwood‐Lollar  Stefan Uhlenbrook  Henny van Lanen 《水文研究》2006,20(1):205-213

A summary is provided of the first of a series of proposed Integrated Science Initiative workshops supported by the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme. The workshop brought together hydrologists, environmental chemists, microbiologists, stable isotope specialists and natural resource managers with the purpose of communicating new ideas on ways to assess microbial degradation processes and reactive transport at catchment scales. The focus was on diffuse contamination at catchment scales and the application of compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in the assessment of biological degradation processes of agrochemicals. Major outcomes were identifying the linkage between water residence time distribution and rates of contaminant degradation, identifying the need for better information on compound specific microbial degradation isotope fractionation factors and the potential of CSIA in identifying key degradative processes. In the natural resource management context, a framework was developed where CSIA techniques were identified as practically unique in their capacity to serve as distributed integrating indicators of process across a range of scales (micro to diffuse) of relevance to the problem of diffuse pollution assessment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Empirical constraints on the salinity of the europan ocean and implications for a thin ice shell     

Kevin P. Hand  Christopher F. Chyba 《Icarus》2007,189(2):424-438

Induced electrical currents within Europa inferred from Galileo spacecraft magnetometer instrument data have been interpreted as due to a salty europan ocean. Published compositional models for Europa's ocean, based on aqueous leaching of carbonaceous chondrites, range over five orders of magnitude in predicted magnesium sulfate concentrations. We combine the Galileo spacecraft magnetometer-derived oceanic conductivities and radio Doppler data-derived interior models with laboratory conductivity vs concentration data for both magnesium sulfate solutions and terrestrial seawater to determine empirically the range of salt concentrations permitted for Europa's ocean. Solutions for both a three-layer spherical model, and a five-layer half-space model, that satisfy current preferred best fits to magnetometer data imply high, near-saturation salt concentrations and require a europan ice shell of less than 15 km thick, with a best fit at 4 km ice thickness. Adding a conductive core and mantle has a negligible effect on the amplitude when ocean conductivities are greater than a few Siemens per meter. Similarly, we find that including a realistic ionosphere has a negligible effect. We examine the implications of these results for the subsurface habitability of Europa.  相似文献   

Fine‐grained,spinel‐rich inclusions from the reduced CV chondrite Efremovka: II. Oxygen isotopic compositions     

Jrme ALON  Alexander N. KROT  Kevin D. MCKEEGAN  Glenn J. MACPHERSON  Alexander A. ULYANOV 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2005,40(7):1043-1058

Abstract— Oxygen isotopes have been measured by ion microprobe in individual minerals (spinel, Al‐Ti‐diopside, melilite, and anorthite) within four relatively unaltered, fine‐grained, spinel‐rich Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) from the reduced CV chondrite Efremovka. Spinel is uniformly ¹⁶O‐rich (Δ¹⁷O ≤ ?20‰) in all four CAIs; Al‐Ti‐diopside is similarly ¹⁶O‐rich in all but one CAI, where it has smaller ¹⁶O excesses (‐15‰ ≤ Δ¹⁷O ≤ ?10‰). Anorthite and melilite vary widely in composition from ¹⁶O‐rich to ¹⁶O‐poor (‐22‰ ≤ Δ¹⁷O ≤ ?5‰). Two of the CAIs are known to have group II volatility‐fractionated rare‐earth‐element patterns, which is typical of this variety of CAI and which suggests formation by condensation. The association of such trace element patterns with ¹⁶O‐enrichment in these CAIs suggests that they formed by gas‐solid condensation from an ¹⁶O‐rich gas. They subsequently experienced thermal processing in an ¹⁶O‐poor reservoir, resulting in partial oxygen isotope exchange. Within each inclusion, oxygen isotope variations from mineral to mineral are consistent with solid‐state oxygen self‐diffusion at the grain‐to‐grain scale, but such a model is not consistent with isotopic variations at a larger scale in two of the CAIs. The spatial association of ¹⁶O depletions with both elevated Fe contents in spinel and the presence of nepheline suggests that late‐stage iron‐alkali metasomatism played some role in modifying the isotopic patterns in some CAIs. One of the CAIs is a compound object consisting of a coarse‐grained, melilite‐rich (type A) lithology joined to a fine‐grained, spinel‐rich one. Melilite and anorthite in the fine‐grained portion are mainly ¹⁶O‐rich, whereas melilite in the type A portion ranges from ¹⁶O‐rich to ¹⁶O‐poor, suggesting that oxygen isotope exchange predated the joining together of the two parts and that both ¹⁶O‐rich and ¹⁶O‐poor gaseous reservoirs existed simultaneously in the early solar nebula.  相似文献   

Resolving the Double Paradox of rapidly mobilized old water with highly variable responses in runoff chemistry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kevin Bishop  Jan Seibert  Stephan Khler  Hjalmar Laudon 《水文研究》2004,18(1):185-189

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