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111.
The recently published Iraqi earthquake data file over the period 1905–1984 is used to derive a local I
o
-M
s
formula. This is then combined with a local intensity attenuation relationship to compile the observed I
o
(MM) zoning map for Iraq. Earthquake risk is calculated using the log N (M
s
)relation for selected design magnitudes and periods and is mapped as the (%) probability of occurrence using a 0.5 deg latitude/longitude grid system. It is observed that the intensity zones and contour distributions are highly influenced by the presence of large magnitude shocks while risk maps reveal the Tauros seismogenic zone as having a greater risk of occurrence than the Zagros zone. The compiled zoning maps are intended for the use of local practising engineers for earthquake-resistant design procedures that are currently being adopted in the country. 相似文献
112.
Khalid J. Fahmi 《Journal of Geodynamics》1986,5(3-4)
The so-called 20° discontinuity in P and S travel times may not be present everywhere but varies from region to region. In this study a limited piece of evidence is reported favouring the possible existence of the discontinuity beneath Central South America. Unfortunately, the observations presented are inconclusive and warrant further search for a larger sample (spreading over a distance of about 1000 km) in order clearly to establish the presence or absence of the suggested discontinuity. 相似文献
113.
Khalid H. Idris Dr. 《GeoJournal》1986,13(3):245-250
The current attempts by the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) countries to co-ordinate their industrial effort is hampered by the very structure of their economies, their varying fortunes, external trading and business dealings and internal programmes of socio-economic development. Unlike the common belief that the Arab Gulf is a homogeneous region, heterogeneity has been traced within the various socio-economic aspects. A telling case in point is the cement industry. It is packed with much of the contradictions of attempted co-operation and yet gives some hope for any future concerted industrial integration effort. 相似文献
114.
Khalid S. Essa 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(2):182-190
This paper presents a simple method for shape and depth determination of a buried structure from residual gravity anomalies
along profile. The method utilizes the anomaly values of the origin and characteristic points of the profile to construct
a relationship between the shape factor and depth of the causative source. For fixed points, the depth is determined for each
shape factor. The computed depths are then plotted against the shape factor representing a continuous monotonically increasing
curve. The solution for the shape and depth of the buried structure is then read at the common intersection point of the depth
curves. This method is applied to synthetic data with and without random errors. Finally, the validity of the method is tested
on two field examples from the USA. 相似文献
115.
In the present study, the free vibration of functionally graded beams resting on two parameter elastic foundation was examined. The properties of the functionally graded materials were presumed to vary continuously along the thickness direction. The foundation medium was assumed to be linear, homogeneous, and isotropic, and it was modeled by the Winkler-Pasternak model with two parameters for describing the reaction of the elastic foundation on the beam. The functionally graded beam was modeled with classical beam theory. The governing equation including the effects of functionally graded material properties, Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation was solved using separation of variables. The eigenvalues of yielding fundamental equation versus clamped-clamped, clamped-free, clamped-simply supported, and simply supported-simply supported boundary conditions were found. To corroborate the results, comparisons were carried out with available results for homogeneous and functionally graded beams. The effects of Winkler-Pasternak type elastic foundation and functionally graded material properties on the values of dimensionless frequency parameter of beams were discussed. Briefly, it was found that the dimensionless frequency parameters of beam change according to material properties, presence of elastic foundation, and boundary conditions; moreover, the separate effects of these quantities on each other are interesting. 相似文献
116.
Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Muhammad Rizwan Shafaqat Ali Muhammad Irfan Sohail Amjad Hussain Muhammad Farooq Qayyum Hinnan Khalid Muhammad Zeeshan Naveeda Majid 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(21):685
Biochar is considered a promising amendment for the reduction of metal concentration in plants; however, the effects of biochar in terms of dose and feedstock on metal uptake by plants remain widely unclear. In the current study, three individual biochars were prepared at 450 °C from different feedstocks (wheat straw, sukh chain (Pongamia pinnata), and cotton sticks). The main aim was to evaluate their ability to remediate cadmium (Cd)-spiked soil in terms of growth response and Cd uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) tissues. Biochars were separately applied at 0, 1, and 2% (w/w) in Cd-spiked soil and wheat was grown until maturity in pots and then morphological and physiological parameters and Cd concentrations in grains, roots, and shoots were determined. The post-harvest soil was analyzed for extractable Cd concentrations. Plants grown in Cd-spiked soil treated with biochars had higher seed germination, lengths of roots, shoots, and spikes, grains per spike and leaf relative water contents, chlorophyll contents, and dry weight of roots, shoots, and grains as compared to the untreated control. Biochar treatments significantly decreased the Cd concentrations in shoots, roots, and grains as well as total Cd uptake by grains. Soil extractable Cd concentrations were significantly decreased with biochar treatments. The application of 2.0% wheat straw biochar was the most efficient treatment in increasing grain yield and decreasing Cd in grains as well as soil extractable Cd than the other two biochars and doses applied. 相似文献
117.
Currently, sedimentologists focus on the challenging issue of microbial carbonates, which are regarded as "one of the sedimentary rocks most difficult to study", having complicated sedimentary fabric. Their characteristic features closely related to microbial activity, distributed over a long period of geological time, and formed in diversified sedimentary environments. The main research concentrations are the calcified microbial mats and biofilms in geological records as the products of lithification and diagenesis. Starting from the origin, this paper systematically reviewed and explained the processes dwelling within two types of microbial communities, the thinner biofilm and the thicker microbial mat, which enabled them to convert into microbial carbonates through biomineralization and lithification. This study proposed that the existence of multiple microbial mats was another important cause for the diversification and complexity of microbial carbonates in addition to its complex depositional process. Moreover, the sedimentary characteristics and classification of different types of microbial carbonates were reviewed, exemplifying the Cambrian microbial carbonates in the North China Platform. These microbial carbonates are suggested to be placed under "bindstone" after Embry and Kloven, which can be further divided into 5 types, stromatolites, thrombolites, oncolites, laminites and leiolites. Dendrolite is not categorized as a separate class, instead attributed to thrombolites. The microbial carbonates may possess good source rock potential because of the enriched organic content, and may also serve as hydrocarbon reservoirs because of certain microbial textures and fabrics leading to significant porosity and permeability. Because of their biomineralization processes related to microbial activity, the microbial carbonates are not only an important window to understand the evolution of the earth's surface environment, but also capable of forming large-scale reservoirs, and their scientific and economic values are self-evident. 相似文献
118.
119.
120.
Natural Hazards - Around the world, earthquake forecasting studies have become very important nowadays due to the increase in number of fatal earthquakes annually. This paper proposes to achieve a... 相似文献