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11.
海洋Nd同位素演化已经成为示踪陆源风化输入和洋流循环改变的最重要的手段之一,得到了越来越多的应用,并取得了许多重要的成果。海水的Nd同位素组成主要受陆源输入物质控制,热液输入几乎可以忽略。由于Nd在海洋中的停留时间(约500～1000a)略小于海水的平均混合时间(约1500a),且各洋盆有不同的Nd同位素风化输入,因此现代各大洋海水具有不同的Nd同位素组成。在陆源输入稳定的情况下,可以利用海水的Nd同位素组成和演化来示踪水体的混合或洋流循环的改变。目前主要依靠对海洋中水成铁锰结壳、海洋钙质有孔虫壳体、磷酸质鱼骨头或鱼牙齿化石以及沉积物中铁锰氧化物组分等的研究来恢复和反演古海水的Nd同位素组成和演化。4种分析材料各有其优缺点。其中,通过对水成铁锰结壳的Nd同位素分析,基本建立了各大洋新生代以来的主要洋流的Nd同位素组成的长尺度演化。通过有孔虫壳体、鱼化石碎片和沉积物中Fe-Mn氧化物组分可以进行高时间分辨率的古海水Nd同位素演化示踪。利用海水Nd同位素演化可以示踪古洋流通道的开启或闭合,以及获得水体交换的直接信息,为研究构造运动与气候变化之间的关系提供指示。同时,将海水Nd同位素演化与气候变化的指标结合起来,可以用于示踪各种气候条件下洋流循环的改变,将洋流循环的改变与气候变化联系起来,研究两者之间的成因关系。对表层水体的Nd同位素组成的研究则可以示踪不同气候条件下大陆陆源风化输入的改变。 相似文献
12.
鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及扫描电镜观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及病理组织的扫描电镜观察。病原鉴定为 :直钩车轮虫、杜氏车轮虫、日本车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两分虫 5种车轮虫科纤毛虫 ,其中数量上占优势的为直钩车轮虫。扫描电镜观察结果表明 ,鳃寄生车轮虫可对宿主的上皮组织产生明显的机械性损伤并造成鳃丝粘液分泌增多及炎症反应。文中就海水养殖鱼类及野生鱼类由车轮虫寄生造成的危害及防治途径做了探讨。 相似文献
13.
依据干银法和蛋白银法染色法研究了黄渤海沿岸经济鱼类寄生的车轮虫科内 3属 4种纤毛虫 :球核拟车轮虫、斜拟车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两分虫。其中球核拟车轮虫和斜拟车轮虫为我国的新记录。文中对所涉车轮虫的形态学、宿主、分布、流行情况等做了报道。 相似文献
14.
赣南草桃背铀矿床位于会昌地区河草坑铀矿田,是一个大型火山岩容矿的铀矿床,成因机制存在较大争议。矿床内发育有大面积的花岗岩和火山岩,矿体主要赋存在火山隐爆角砾岩和震碎花岗岩中。文章以该矿床内花岗岩、火山岩及矿石中广泛发育的蚀变矿物绿泥石为研究对象,采用电子探针及LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析技术对其矿物化学组成进行分析。分析结果表明,花岗岩和矿石中的绿泥石主要为富铁的鲕绿泥石和蠕绿泥石,火山岩中的绿泥石则为相对富镁的密绿泥石。各类绿泥石阳离子置换关系主要以Fe、Mg置换为主,同时存在一定的Tschermak（TK）和二八—三八面体（DT）替换机制。矿石中绿泥石具有相对较高含量的Ti、Li、Be、B、Zn、Ga、Ge、Sn、Cs、U、Rb和Ba等元素,并显示出较低的Th/U比值。矿石中绿泥石的结晶温度区间为201~269℃,平均值为242℃,属于中低温热液作用的产物。矿石中绿泥石的氧逸度（log f O2）变化于-48.4~-41.2之间,平均值为-44.5,硫逸度（log f S2）变化于-7.5~+2.8之间,平均值为-1.8,草桃背铀矿床的铀矿化主要形成于低氧逸度、高硫逸度的环境。 相似文献
15.
本文描述了采自南麂列岛小柴屿岩相潮间带的一海洋底栖硅藻新种,南麂侧链藻（Pleurosira nanjiensis sp.nov.）。本研究使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对该种进行了形态学观察,并基于SSU rRNA和rbcL基因重建了其系统发育关系。南麂侧链藻具有壳面橄榄形、椭圆形或圆形,壳面隆起,单眼突出于壳表面,2–3个唇状突（rimportulae）,放射排列的线纹等特征,区别于其他侧链藻。 相似文献
16.
车轮虫是一类主要寄生于贝类和鱼类体表的缘毛类纤毛虫原生动物。本文对分别寄生于海洋贝类－－虾夷扇贝Mizuhopecten yessoensis,半咸水鱼类－－鲻鱼Mugil cephalus和双色鳗鲡Anguilla bicolor bicolor,以及淡水鱼类－－光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus鳃表和体表的虾夷扇贝车轮虫Trichodina pectenis,亚卓车轮虫T.jadranica,急尖车轮虫T.acuta和喙状车轮虫T.rostrata,进行了详细的分类学研究。本文第一次报道了虾夷扇贝车轮虫的活体和蛋白银染色后特征,该虫体也是国内新记录种。其它三个车轮虫物种感染的鱼类,均属新纪录宿主。同时,也报道了这四种车轮虫对宿主的感染率和感染强度。 相似文献
17.
报道采自山东沿海贝类鳃表及外套腔中寄生 /共栖的 3种吻毛类纤毛虫 :原生钩毛虫(Ancistrocoma primigenius)、派氏钩毛虫 (Ancistrocoma pelseneeri)及威海下毛虫 (Hypocomidesweihaiensis)。作者依据活体观察、蛋白银和银浸法染色对其活体形态学、纤毛图式及银线系进行了综合描述。该研究系钩毛虫属纤毛虫在我国的首次报道。 相似文献
18.
车轮虫属(原生动物,纤毛门)种类鉴定的方法学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
车轮虫属的种间区分长期以来一直是生产实践中该类病原鉴定的突出难点之一。结合作者及前人的研究工作 ,该文提出一适用于车轮虫属内种类鉴定的综合方法与简明要旨。文中对车轮虫的形态学 ,包括活体外形、齿体、辐线、附着盘中央颗粒、核器及口围绕体等进行了简要地叙述及图解式介绍 ;对车轮虫附着盘中央颗粒的分类学意义进行了总结和评析 ;同时 ,对车轮虫的生境特征在种类鉴定上的意义做了探讨。 相似文献
19.
The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobentho s diffe rs inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has never been observed in the microbenthic ciliate communities.Therefore,we hypothesized that benthic ciliates followed a similar distribution pattern as meio-and macrobentho s,but this pattern has not been uncovered by morphological methods.We evaluated the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates at five stations along hydrographic gradients across the YSCWM and adj acent shallow water by using morphology and DNA and complementary DNA(cDNA) high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 18 S rRNA gene.Results showed that the diversity of benthic ciliate s detected by DNA(303 OTU s),and the cDNA(611 OTUs) sequencing was much higher than that detected by the morphological method(79 species).Morphological method detected roughly different ciliate communities inside and outside of the YSCWM,but without statistical significance.No clear pattern was obtained by DNA sequencing.In contrast,cDNA sequencing revealed a distinct distribution pattern of benthic ciliate communities like meioand macrobenthos,which coincided well with the results of the environmental parameter analysis.More than half of the total sequences detected by DNA sequencing belonged to planktonic ciliates,most(if not all) of which were recovered from historic DNA originating through the sedimentation of pelagic forms because none of them were observed morphologically.The irrelevant historic DNA greatly influenced the recovery of rare species and thus limited the understanding of the benthic ciliate diversity and distribution.Our research indicates that the methods used have significant effects on the investigation of benthic ciliate communities and highlights that cDNA sequencing has great advantages in estimating the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates,as well as the potential for benthic environmental assessments. 相似文献
20.
Yu Wang Aiqin Han Xuebao He Fangfang Kuang Feng Zhao Peng Xiang Kuidong Xu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(11):45-57
The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) hosts one of the largest known oceanic nodule fields worldwide and is regulated by the International Seabed Authority. A baseline assessment of diversity and distribution patterns is essential for reliable predictions of disturbed ecosystem response scenarios for sustained commercial activities in the future. In the present study, the spatial patterns and diversity of phytoplankton communities were analyzed along with upper ocean biogeochemistry, in the licensed China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (COMRA) contract area and the surrounding western CCZ between August 21 and October 8, 2017. Results indicated this was a typical low-nutrient low-chlorophyll a (Chl a) environment, characterized by low levels of phytoplankton abundance and diversity. In total 112 species belonging to 4 phyla were recorded (>10 μm), with species counts including 82 diatoms, 27 dinoflagellates, 1 cyanobacteria and 2 chrysophyte. Dominant taxa in successive order of descending abundance and occurrence included Nizschia marina, Cyclotella stylorum, Dactyliosolen mediterraneus, Rhizosolenia setigera, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii, Synedra sp., Chaetoceros simplex and Pseudo-nitzschia circumpora. The depth-averaged abundance and Chl a concentrations were (265±233) cells/L and (0.27±0.30) μg/L, respectively. Diatoms accounted for 90.94% of the community with (241±223) cells/L, while dinoflagellates accounted for 5.67% and (15±13) cells/L. The distribution pattern exhibited the same trend as abundance, Chl a and species richness, showing subsurface maximum levels at around 100 m, with stations near 10°N having higher levels than in the north. Cluster analysis was performed in two assemblages, relating to geographic locations to the south and north of 12°N. The subsurface maximum of abundance, Chl a, species richness, dissolved oxygen and nitrite were generally corresponding to the presence of high salinity North Pacific Central Water at depths of 50?120 m. Higher availability of nitrate, phosphate and silicic acid in the subsurface may account for the shift in phytoplankton distribution, as shown by redundancy correspondence and spearman correlation analysis. Diel variation in an anchor station demonstrated prominent species succession without significant differences in oceanographic variables, among which diatoms succession resulted from the light limitation, while dinoflagellate diel variation mainly related to lateral transport of water masses. The observed patchiness in spatial phytoplankton distributional patterns was attributed to upper ocean environmental gradients in the CCZ. The baseline generated in this study could be analyzed using current conservation strategy programs associated with deep-sea mining. 相似文献