CaCl2、NaHCO3和盐酸降pH的效果及其对水质的影响     

申屠青春  董双林  赵文  张兆琪  张美昭 《海洋湖沼通报》2000,(2):53-62

本文于１９９８的８－１０月间选取山东省高青县赵店乡大芦湖养殖公司院内一口盐碱池塘的池水为实验用水,选用ＣａＣｌ２、ＮａＨＣＯ３和盐酸作试剂,进行了这三种试剂的降ｐＨ值实验。实验结果表明：ＮａＨＣＯ３有降ｐＨ效果须高浓度使用,但会使水体缓冲能力下降,不宜作为降ｐＨ的试剂。盐酸能迅速降低ｐＨ,但持续时间较短,适合急救时使用。２１９ｋｇ．ｈａ＾－１（１４．６ｋｇ／亩）的用量可降低ｐＨ１．５个单位。能长期  相似文献   

渥太华电子政府的启示     

时代  张清春 《国土资源信息化》2009,(3):45-48

怎样才能建设一个"有用"的电子政府?渥太华市提供的经验是,在决策层和政府各部门各层级之内涵盖对信息技术的管理,将信息技术的利用作为投资,以IT设施的"产出"为重心,追求投资回报。本文对此做一简要介绍。  相似文献   

Application of environmental isotopes to identify recharge source,age, and renewability of phreatic water in Yinchuan Basin     

Chenghao Zhong  Qingchun Yang  Hongyun Ma  Jianmin Bian  Sihong Zhang  Xiaoguang Lu 《水文研究》2019,33(16):2166-2173

The accurate understanding of groundwater circulation pattern and its renewable capacity is vital for groundwater resource assessment and the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater. Estimation of groundwater recharge is difficult in arid or semiarid area due to the low amount and variability of recharge. A combination of isotope investigation with hybrid model allows a direct calculation of renewability of the aquifer. In this paper, the phreatic water circulation pattern and its renewable capacity of phreatic water in Yinchuan Basin, a semiarid area located at the northwest China, are investigated by the application of environmental isotope method, which mainly focusses on the isotope characteristics of different water bodies, phreatic water isotope age, phreatic water circulation pattern, and phreatic water renewal rate. The results demonstrate that the two dominant recharge sources of groundwater in Yinchuan Basin, local atmospheric precipitation and Yellow River, account for 13% and 87%, respectively. The average residence time of phreatic water in Yinchuan Basin is about 48 years, and the average renewal rate is 3.38%/a. The results indicate that the phreatic water has a strong renewable capacity and the regeneration rate distribution is consistent with that indicated by isotope age.  相似文献   

Quantitative evaluation of groundwater recharge and evaporation intensity with stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in a semi‐arid region,Northwest China          下载免费PDF全文

Qingchun Yang  Haokun Mu  Hao Wang  Xueyan Ye  Hongyun Ma  Jordi Delgado Martín 《水文研究》2018,32(9):1130-1136

Yinchuan Basin, a semi‐arid area located in Northwest China, is currently subject to increasing pressure from the altered hydrology due to the anthropogenic activities as well as increasing water demands for regional development. Sustainable water management across the region must be underpinned by a clear understanding of the factors that constrain water supply in this area. We measured the stable isotope of oxygen and hydrogen to determine the likely processes that control the interrelations among precipitation, surface water (Yellow River), and groundwater. The hydrogen and oxygen values demonstrate that 2 primary hydrochemical processes, mixing and evaporation/condensation, occurred in the Basin. Recharge proportions of precipitation and Yellow River were quantitatively evaluated based on the isotope mass balance method. The proportions of the Yellow River and atmospheric precipitation recharge are 87.7% and 12.3%, respectively. The evaporation proportions calculated with ¹⁸O and D by Rayleigh fractional equation are close to each other, which demonstrate that evaporation intensity increases following the flow direction of the Yellow River. The findings obtained in this study are useful for recognizing the significance of Yellow River to Yinchuan Basin, and some optimal allocation schemes can be adopted for a prospective development of this reputed area in Northwest China.  相似文献   

河西走廊风能变化及储量   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

王毅荣  林纾  李青春  龚建福 《气象科技》2007,35(4):558-562

利用河西走廊地区1970~2004年风速气候资料和2004年9月至2005年8月风塔精细资料,研究了河西走廊风能资源特征。结果表明:河西走廊地区环境风速比较稳定,在气候上没有明显的减小趋势;绿洲内风速下降明显。风能分布存在区域差别,存在2个风能大值区域。全区风能普遍较高,10 m层内风能密度都在100 W/m2以上,大部分地方在150 W/m2以上,大值地带在200 W/m2以上;在10~70 m高度层风能随高度按线性关系增长,平均每升高10 m风能增加28 W/m2;70 m层普遍在300 W/m2以上。河西走廊风能存在日和年变化,2~6月是风能密集阶段;距地面10 m高度处风能在07:00前后处于低值,从08:00以后不断增大,到18:00前后达到日最大,然后逐渐减小。河西走廊年有效风速时数普遍在6000 h以上,大值区接近7500 h。  相似文献   

华北邯邢地区奥灰中统三组八段测井曲线特征     

邢青春 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(4):56-60

华北邯邢地区奥陶系中统灰岩平均厚度562m,分为三组八段,与上覆石炭系煤系地层呈不整合关系,为本地区主要含水地层。为消除下组煤开采威胁、有效防治奥灰水,必须对下伏灰岩各组段给予准确划分。根据该区奥陶系中统灰岩的沉积规律和物性特征,对各组段地层的单一测井曲线特征及多种物性曲线组合特征进行分析,确定了物性标志稳定、连续性强、全区可追踪对比的各组段地层醒目划分标志。鉴于本区自然伽马曲线形态的稳定性,利用数理统计方法对本区40个钻孔进行各组段自然伽马峰值几率计算,求得各组段自然伽马峰值几率表,并以东庞矿观2孔自然伽马曲线奥灰地层中的一段（O2f1）为例,介绍使用该表确定灰岩组段的方法。  相似文献   

加强测绘监管 提高保障能力          下载免费PDF全文

邵清纯 《山东国土资源》2003,19(3):8-10

测绘工作是国民经济和社会发展的一项前期性、基础性工作,通过提供与地理位置有关的各种专题性、综合性基础信息,广泛服务于经济建设、国防建设、科学研究、文化教育、行政管理、人民生活等领域,是社会主义现代化建设事业不可缺少的一种保障手段。今年年初,胡锦涛总书记要求:“推进‘数字中国’地理空间框架建设,加快信息化测绘体系建设,提高测绘保障能力”,“加强测绘统一监督管理和基础测绘工作”。温家宝总理指出:“今后一个时期中国测绘工作的发展方向,就是要进一步完善测绘管理体制和运行机制,发展开放型测绘。采用最先进的科学技术,加…  相似文献   

Incorporation of perception-based information in robot learning using fuzzy reinforcement learning agents     

Zhou Changjiu  Meng Qingchun  Guo Zhongwen  Qu Wiefen  Yin Bo 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(1):93-100

Robot learning in unstructured environments has been proved to be an extremely challenging problem, mainly because of many uncertainties always present in the real world. Human beings, on the other hand, seem to cope very well with uncertain and unpredictable environments, often relying on perception-based information. Furthermore, humans beings can also utilize perceptions to guide their learning on those parts of the perception-action space that are actually relevant to the task. Therefore, we conduct a research aimed at improving robot learning through the incorporation of both perception-based and measurement-based information. For this reason, a fuzzy reinforcement learning (FRL) agent is proposed in this paper. Based on a neural-fuzzy architecture, different kinds of information can be incorporated into the FRL agent to initialise its action network, critic network and evaluation feedback module so as to accelerate its learning. By making use of the global optimisation capability of GAs (genetic algorithms), a GA-based FRL (GAFRL) agent is presented to solve the local minima problem in traditional actor-critic reinforcement learning. On the other hand, with the prediction capability of the critic network, GAs can perform a more effective global search. Different GAFRL agents are constructed and verified by using the simulation model of a physical biped robot. The simulation analysis shows that the biped learning rate for dynamic balance can be improved by incorporating perception-based information on biped balancing and walking evaluation. The biped robot can find its application in ocean exploration, detection or sea rescue activity, as well as military maritime activity.  相似文献   

华北平原3次持续性大雾过程的特征及成因分析   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

赵玉广  李江波  李青春 《气象》2015,41(4):427-437

应用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站资料、NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)再分析资料和L波段加密探空资料,对近年华北平原3次持续10 d以上的大雾天气过程的高空及地面气象要素条件、大尺度环流背景、边界层特征、温湿场特征以及形成原因和维持机理进行了天气学诊断分析。结果表明：3次大雾过程都发生在纬向环流背景下,其平均高度场、湿度场、温度场和海平面气压场极其相似,其高空和地面气象要素如相对湿度、风速、温度露点差、逆温层厚度等的统计值也比较近似;高空纬向环流长时间维持导致的冷空气活动偏弱,加上太行山、燕山对冷空气的阻挡和消弱造成的华北平原长期静稳天气形势,是华北平原大雾长时间维持的根本原因;纬向环流背景下多个“干性短波槽”活动、大尺度下沉运动、太行山地形造成的地形辐合线及偏西气流越过太行山下沉增温导致的层结更加稳定也是华北平原大雾加强和维持的重要原因。  相似文献   

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组沉积时期古气候   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐兆辉  汪泽成  胡素云  朱世发  江青春 《古地理学报》2010,12(4):415-424

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组可分为6段,整体表现为砂—泥间互的沉积结构,古气候是控制这种沉积结构的重要因素之一。文中利用孢粉分析法、黏土矿物分析法和特征元素分析法对全盆地6个采样点、6个层段的泥岩样品进行了系统分析,分别恢复了四川盆地晚三叠世须家河组各段地层沉积时期的古气候。研究表明,四川盆地晚三叠世须家河组沉积时期古气候特征为热带—亚热带背景下发生的温热交替、干湿更迭:须1段为海陆过渡相沉积,该时期温度高、湿度大,为炎热潮湿气候;须2段沉积时期,温度与须1段沉积时期持平或略低、湿度大幅降低,为温和干燥气候;须3段沉积时期,温度和湿度均比须2段沉积时期高,炎热潮湿,沼泽沉积发育;须4段沉积时期,温度升高、湿度略有降低,气候温和干旱;须5段沉积时期,温度和湿度均达到峰值,为整个须家河组沉积时期最炎热潮湿的阶段;须6段沉积时期,温度降至最低、湿度有所下降,气候温和干旱。  相似文献