Effect of weather conditions on the incidence of Lophodermium yellow needle blight in the dwarf mountain pine in the Karkonosze and Izerskie Mountains (Poland)     

Wojciech PUSZ  Ryszard WEBER  Andrzej DANCEWICZ  W?odzimierz KITA 《山地科学学报》2016,13(4):725-733

The study aimed to determine, by using a statistical model, the effect of weather conditions on the incidence of Lophodermium yellow needle blight causing by new species for science- Lophodermium corconticum, in the mountain dwarf pine growing in the subalpine Karkonosze Mountains and the Izerskie Mountains(Poland). Needles showed symptoms of yellow spots, gradual discolouration and premature fall in July. The assessment of healthiness of infected mountain dwarf pine needles spanned three years(2011- 2013) and was conducted in several test sites in the Karkonosze and Izerskie Mountains. The results were analyzed by taking into account the meteorological conditions. Field observations seem to indicate that the highest infestation of mountain dwarf pine occurs in June and July, while September and October see a significantly lower disease index in the Karkonosze Mountains. The lower indices of the infestation of mountain dwarf pine are characteristic for the vegetation in the Hala Izerska high mountain pasture; whereas the environmental conditions prevailing in the Kocio? Ma?ego Stawu cirque and above the Samotnia hostel are conducive to the development of Lophodermium yellow needle blight.  相似文献   

Changes of cloud water chemical composition in the Western Sudety Mountains, Poland     

Marek B&#x;a  Mieczys&#x;aw Sobik  Ryszard Twarowski 《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):224

The changing chemical composition of cloud water and precipitation in the Western Sudety Mountains are discussed against the background of air-pollution changes in the Black Triangle since the 1980s until September 2004. A marked reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions between the early 1990's and the present (from almost 2 million tons to around 0.2 million tons) has been observed, with a substantial decline of sulphate and hydrogen concentration in cloud water (SO₄²⁻ from more than 200 to around 70 μmol l^− 1; H⁺ from 150 to 50 μmol l^− 1) and precipitation (SO₄²⁻ from around 80 to 20–30 μmol l^− 1; H⁺ from around 60 to 10–15 μmol l^− 1) samples. At some sites, where fog/cloud becomes the major source of pollutants, deposition hot spots are still observed where, for example, nitrogen deposition can exceed 20 times the relevant critical load. The results show that monitoring of cloud water chemistry can be a sensitive indicator of pollutant emissions.  相似文献   

Dinosaur- and mammal-bearing aeolian and associated deposits of the Upper Cretaceous in the Gobi Desert (Mongolia)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ryszard Gradziński  Tomasz Jerzykiewicz 《Sedimentary Geology》1974,12(4):249-278

The Barun Goyot Formation (? Campanian-Maastrichtian) consists of continental red-bed type sandstones. The formation was interpreted in terms of intertonguing and/or alternating dune deposits and sediments of intermittent lakes and streams. The mega cross-stratified sandstone units which show considerable lateral continuity and little variation of foresets dip were described as buried transverse dunes. They are rather poor in animal fossils. Most dinosaurs and mammals occur in water-deposited interdune sediments. This is due to ecological differences between bare dunes and the interdune depression which had a vegetation cover.  相似文献   

THE DETERMINATION OF FLUORINE BY PROTON INDUCED GAMMA RAY EMISSION SPECTROMETRY (PIGE) IN EIGHTEEN CHINESE STANDARD REFERENCE SAMPLES OF STREAM SEDIMENTS, SOILS AND ROCKS: GSD 9-12, GSS 1-8 AND GSR 1-6     

Iwan ROELANDTS  Guy ROBAYE  Panagiotis ALOUPOGIANNIS  Georges WEBER  Jeanne-Marie DELBROUCK-HABARU 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1987,11(1):79-80

Eighteen new Chinese standard reference samples (including stream sediments, soils and rocks) have been analysed by an automated proton induced gamma ray emission (PIGE) method for fluorine. Results of determinations are reported and are generally in good agreement with the "usable values" previously published.  相似文献   

A Lower Palaeozoic shallow water sequence in the eastern European Variscides (SW Poland): provenance and depositional history     

Kryza  Ryszard  Turniak  Krzysztof  Muszyński  Andrzej  Zalasiewicz  Jan A. 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(1):5-19

The Gackowa Formation of inferred Cambrian —Ordovician age is part of the metamorphosed pre-Variscan basement of the southern Kaczawa Mountains of the Sudetes region, south-west Poland. Previously variously interpreted as lavas, tuffs and sandstones, it is shown to consist of about 200 m of originally well-sorted siliclastic sedimentary rocks within a sequence of predominantly mafic volcanic rocks. Four facies have been distinguished based on relict sedimentary structures and textures and these suggest that deposition took place on a storm-dominated shelf, mostly above the wave base. The petrography, detrital zircon morphologies and geochemistry suggest affinity with, and derivation in large part from, acid volcanic rocks at a comparable stratigraphic position in a separate tectonostratigraphic unit to the south. The Gackowa Formation and its acid volcanic source rocks have a clear continental geochemical signature, in contrast with the mantle-derived basic/bimodal volcanic rocks below and above; it is suggested that the parent acid magma originated by crustal melting during the ascent of these mantle-derived magmas. A continental crust setting is inferred for the deposition of the Gackowa Formation sandstones, thus suggesting a continental setting for the associated within-plate basalts. The entire volcanic/sedimentary succession resembles elements of the Lower Palaeozoic of Germany, and all may have formed in an initial rift setting during Late Precambrian to Ordovician times.  相似文献   

Precambrian crustal contribution to the Variscan accretionary prism of the Kaczawa Mountains (Sudetes,SW Poland): evidence from SHRIMP dating of detrital zircons     

Ryszard Kryza  Jan Zalasiewicz  Stanisław Mazur  Paweł Aleksandrowski  Sergey Sergeev  Alexander Larionov 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(6):1153-1162

SHRIMP dating of detrital zircons from sandstones of the Gackowa Formation (Kaczawa Complex, Sudetes, SW Poland) indicates input from late (550–750 Ma) and early Proterozoic to Archaean sources (∼2.0–3.4 Ga, the latter being the oldest recorded age from the Sudetic region). These dates preclude within-terrane derivation from seemingly correlatory acid volcanic rocks of early Palaeozoic age. Rather, they indicate provenance from Cadomian and older rocks that currently form part of other, geographically distant terranes; the most likely source identified to date is the Lusatian Block in the Saxothuringian Zone. Hence, the Gackowa Formation may be late Proterozoic rather than early Palaeozoic in depositional age, possibly coeval with the late Proterozoic (pre-Cadomian) greywackes of Lusatia, being subsequently tectonically interleaved with early Palaeozoic volcanic rocks into the Kaczawa accretionary prism during the Variscan orogeny. However, correlation with the lithologically similar early Ordovician Dubrau Quartzite of Saxothuringia, and so assignation to the early Paleozoic (post-Cadomian) rift succession deposited at the northern margin of Gondwana, cannot yet be precluded.  相似文献   

On the nature of plasma arcs in solar active regions     

Gajewski  Ryszard 《Solar physics》1974,35(2):385-394

A mechanism is proposed explaining the structures consisting of plasma arcs, as observed in X-ray photographs of solar active regions. It is suggested that the width of the arcs corresponds to the cut-off wavelength of a Rayleigh-Taylor instability which develops due to a difference in density between the plasma in the arcs and the plasma in the surrounding region. The transverse component of the magnetic field necessary to stabilize the instability at a wavelength corresponding to the width of the arcs is estimated to be of the order of 0.1 G.

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Light noble gases and cosmogenic radionuclides in Estherville,Budulan, and other mesosiderites: Implications for exposure histories and production rates     

A. ALBRECHT  C. SCHNABEL  S. VOGT  S. XUE  G. F. HERZOG  F. BEGEMANN  H. W. WEBER  R. MIDDLETON  D. FINK  J. KLEIN 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2000,35(5):975-986

Abstract— We report measurements of ²⁶AI, ¹⁰Be, ⁴¹Ca, and ³⁶Cl in the silicate and metal phases of 11 mesosiderites, including several specimens each of Budulan and Estherville, of the brecciated meteorite Bencubbin, and of the iron meteorite Udei Station. Average production rate ratios (atom/atom) for metal phase samples from Estherville and Budulan are ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be = 0.77 ± 0.02; ³⁶Cl/¹⁰Be = 5.3 ± 0.2. For a larger set of meteorites that includes iron meteorites and other mesosiderites, we find ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be = 0.72 ± 0.01 and ³⁶Cl/¹⁰Be = 4.5 ± 0.2. The average ⁴¹Ca/³⁶Cl production rate ratio is 1.10 ± 0.04 for metal separates from Estherville and four small iron falls. The ⁴¹Ca activities in dpm/(kg Ca) of various silicate separates from Budulan and Estherville span nearly a factor of 4, from <400 to >1600, indicating preatmospheric radii of >30 cm. After allowance for composition, the activities of ²⁶Al and ¹⁰Be (dpm/kg silicate) are similar to values measured in most ordinary chondrites and appear to depend only weakly on bulk Fe content. Unless shielding effects are larger than suggested by the ³⁶Cl and ⁴¹Ca activities of the metal phases, matrix effects are unimportant for ¹⁰Be and minor for ²⁶Al. Noble gas concentrations and isotopic abundances are reported for samples of Barea, Emery, Mincy, Morristown, and Marjalahti. New estimates of ³⁶Cl/³⁶Ar exposure ages for the metal phases agree well with published values. Neon‐21 production rates for mesosiderite silicates calculated from these ages and from measured ²¹Ne contents are consistently higher than predicted for L chondrites despite the fact that the mesosiderite silicates have lower Mg contents than L chondrites. We suggest that the elevation of the ²¹Ne production rate in mesosiderite silicates reflects a “matrix effect,” that is, the influence of the higher Fe content of mesosiderites, which acts to enhance the flux of low‐energy secondary particles and hence the ²¹Ne production from Mg. As ¹⁰Be production is relatively insensitive to this matrix effect, ¹⁰Be/²¹Ne ages give erroneously low production rates and high exposure ages. By coincidence, standard ²²Ne/²¹Ne based “shielding” corrections give fairly reliable ²¹Ne production rates in the mesosiderite silicates.  相似文献   

Mineralogy of fine‐grained material in the Krymka (LL3.1) chondrite     

V. P. SEMENENKO  A. BISCHOFF  I. WEBER  C. PERRON  A. L. GIRICH 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2001,36(8):1067-1085

Abstract— Two dark lithic fragments and matrix of the Krymka LL3.1 chondrite were mineralogically and chemically studied in detail. These objects are characterised by the following chemical and mineralogical characteristics, which distinguish them from the host chondrite Krymka: (1) bulk chemical analyses revealed low totals (systematically lower than 94 wt%) due to high porosity; (2) enrichment in FeO and depletion in S, MgO and SiO₂ due to a high abundance of Fe‐rich silicates and low sulfide abundance; (3) fine‐grained, almost chondrule‐free texture with predominance of a porous, cryptocrystalline groundmass and fine grains; (4) occurrence of a small amount of once‐molten material (microchondrules) enclosed in fine‐grained materials; (5) occurrence of accretionary features, especially unique accretionary spherules; (6) high abundance of small calcium‐ aluminium‐rich inclusions (CAIs) in one of the fine‐grained fragments. It is suggested that the abundance of CAIs in this fragment is one of the highest ever found in an ordinary chondrite. Accretionary, fine‐grained spherules within one of the fragments bear fundamental information about the initial stages of accretion as well as on the evolution of the clast, its incorporation, and history within the bulk rock of Krymka. The differences in porosity, bulk composition, and mineralogy of cores and rims of the fine‐grained spherulitic objects allow us to speculate on the following processes: (1) Low velocity accretion of tiny silicate grains onto the surface of coarse metal or silicate grains in a dusty region of the nebula is the beginning of the formation of accretionary, porous (fluffy) silicate spherules. (2) Within a dusty environment with decreasing silicate/(metal + sulfide) ratio the porous spherules collected abundant metal and sulfide particles together with silicate dust, which formed an accretionary rim. Variations of the silicate/(sulfide + metal) ratio in the dusty nebular environment result in the formation of multi‐layered rims on the surface of the silicate‐rich spherules. (3) Soft accretion and lithification of rimmed, fluffy spherules, fine‐grained, silicate‐rich dust, metal‐sulfide particles, CAIs, silicate‐rich microchondrules, and coarse silicate grains and fragments followed. (4) After low‐temperature processing of the primary, accretionary rock collisional fragmentation occurred, the fragments were subsequently coated by fine‐grained material, which was highly oxidized and depleted in sulfides. (5) In a final stage this accretionary “dusty” rock was incorporated as a fragment within the Krymka host.  相似文献   

Palaeoproterozoic (1.83 Ga) zircons in a Bajocian (169 Ma) granite within a Middle Jurassic ophiolite (Rubiku,central Albania): a challenge for geodynamic models     

Ryszard Kryza  Arjan Beqiraj 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(3):607-625

Two distinct zircon populations, 1,827 ± 17 and 169 ± 2 Ma in age, have been found in the Rubiku granite dyke in the Middle Jurassic Mirdita ophiolite in central Albania. The old inherited zircons represent a homogeneous population formed during a discrete Palaeoproterozoic, likely magmatic, zircon crystallization event. These older zircons were likely incorporated, in large part, into the granite magma that crystallized broadly at the time of the ophiolite emplacement (around 169 Ma). The limited data available do not allow for the construction of an unequivocal petrogenetic model, though several palaeotectonic scenarios are discussed as possible settings for the granite formation. The models refer to recent findings of old inherited zircons in rocks at recent mid-ocean ridge settings, but also consider likely contributions of crustal materials to primary basic ophiolitic magmas within supra-subduction settings and subsequent accretion/collision circumstances. The presence of old zircons in much younger rocks within ophiolite successions runs counter to geodynamic models of interaction between the oceanic lithosphere and continental crust, but constraining their genesis would require further systematic studies on these old inherited zircons, both in mafic (if present) and in felsic rocks of the ophiolites.  相似文献