Impact of ocean acidification on the carbonate sediment budget of a temperate mixed beach     

Simone Simeone  Emanuela Molinaroli  Alessandro Conforti  Giovanni De Falco 《Climatic change》2018,150(3-4):227-242

The production of sediments by carbonate-producing ecosystems is an important input for beach sediment budgets in coastal areas where no terrigenous input occurs. Calcifying organisms are a major source of bioclastic carbonate sediment for coastal systems. Increased levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere are leading to an increase in the partial pressure of CO₂ on ocean seawater, causing ocean acidification (OA), with direct consequences for the pH of ocean waters. Most studies of OA focus on its impact on marine ecosystems. The impact of OA on carbonate-producing ecosystems could be to reduce the amount of sediments supplied to temperate coastal systems. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of the predicted OA on the long-term sediment budget of a temperate Mediterranean mixed carbonate beach and dune system. Based on projections of OA we estimated a fall of about 31% in the present bioclastic carbonate sediment deposition rate, with the biggest decreases seen in the dunes (? 46%). OA is also expected to affect the carbonate sediment reservoirs, increasing the dissolution of CaCO₃and causing net sediment loss from the system (~ 50,000 t century^?1). In the long-term, OA could also play a primary role in the response of these systems to sea-level rise. Indeed, the reduction in the quantity of carbonate sediments provided to the system may affect the speed with which the system is able to adapt to sea-level rise, by increasing wave run-up, and may promote erosion of dunes and subaerial beaches.  相似文献   

中国电子废物的地区间流动     

童昕  王涛  陈彦光  宋鑫  罗朝璇  黄慧婷 《地理科学进展》2018,37(7):954-962

电子废物跨境转移近年来开始引起国际经济地理学者关注,其中折射了全球生产网络中污染控制与市场化再生利用之间的治理矛盾和价值冲突。中国在规范电子废物管理的过程中,采纳了生产者责任延伸制度,逐渐形成生产者缴纳政府基金,基金补贴正规处理厂,正规处理厂再通过市场采购方式从非正式的回收渠道收集电子废物的分工格局。这一格局杂合了巴塞尔公约的属地化管理机制和地区贸易的市场化机制,反映了政府在规制复杂产品环境问题中所面临的两难。本文在多年参与式调查的基础上,根据环保部公布的2014年全国109家正规处理厂实际回收废弃家电产品的数量,采用威尔逊空间相互作用模型,估算了全国非正式回收渠道内的废旧家电产品地区间流动格局,并结合处理厂问卷调查对比了实际流向与理论模型的差异。研究结果显示：由于非正式回收渠道的竞争性所导致的废旧家电跨省流动占到全国正规渠道电子废物回收总量的1/3以上,这与电子废物处理设施省级属地化管理,主要满足本省产生的电子废物处理需求的规划初衷有较大出入。为此本文探讨了这种规划目标与市场流动之间发生错位的内在原因,指出当前电子废物管理重点应该从围绕处理设施的管理控制转向逆向物流系统的优化和商业模式创新。  相似文献   

Hypersaline groundwater genesis assessment through a multidisciplinary approach: the case of Pozzo del Sale Spring (southern Italy)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Fulvio Celico  Paolo Capuano  Vincenzo De Felice  Gino Naclerio 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(7):1441-1451

A tool, based on a multidisciplinary field investigation approach for studying the characteristics of a hypersaline spring, was developed and its effectiveness tested on a spring in southern Italy; a preliminary model of the aquifer system at medium and local scale was derived. Hydrologic measurements, vertical electric soundings, and chemical and isotopic (δ¹⁸O, δ²H, ³H) analyses were undertaken, along with microbiological analyses and species identification. These demonstrate the coexistence of hypersaline and fresh water, generating a significant diversification of the groundwater hydrochemical signature. The isotopic signature shows that both types of water have a meteoric origin. Microbial contamination of fecal origin indicates the mixing of hyper- and low- saline water related to local infiltration. The hypersaline groundwater flows in confined horizons within a sequence that is mainly of fractured clays. These horizons are probably concentrated where well-developed fracture network and dissolution openings within evaporitic rocks enhance fluid flow. In a wider context, this study determines that microbiological pollution of saline groundwater may not be detected if using nonhalophilic bacterial indicators such as fecal coliforms. Fecal enterococci are better indicators, due to their higher halotolerance.  相似文献   

皖东地区燕山期高镁中酸性侵入岩地球化学特征及动力学意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

童劲松  路玉林管运才储东如耿小光 《中国地质》2008,35(1):18-31

皖东地区中酸性侵入岩为一套石英闪长岩-石英二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩组合,主要属于高钾钙碱性岩系列,具有高Al2O3、Sr、Sr/Y、(La/Yb)N、富集LREE和LILE、亏损HREE和Y、Yb、Eu弱负异常—正异常、岩石高(87Sr/86Sr)i、低εNd(t)等特征。与中国东部多数埃达克质岩石相比,岩石具有较高的Mg#值和相容元素Cr、Ni含量。研究表明:(1)皖东地区中酸性侵入岩可能是拆沉的下地壳基性物质经部分熔融作用及岩浆在上升过程中与地幔橄榄岩相互反应的产物,石榴石作为残留相存在。(2)燕山早期皖东地区存在受特提斯构造域挤压构造控制的地壳加厚过程,早白垩世受太平洋构造域影响的郯庐断裂带大规模左行平移活动是触发下地壳拆沉的主要因素。皖东地区中酸性侵入岩是两大构造体制域发生转换的岩浆岩石记录。  相似文献   

MICRO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARP OTOLITHS AND THEIR TYPOMORPHIC SIGNIFICANCE IN THE EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY IN LAKES AND RESERVOIRS——AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE BAIYANGDIAN LAKE, HEBEI PROVINCE AND THE MIYUN RESERVOIR, BEIJING     

CAO Ye  LI Sheng-rong  YANG Liang-feng  GAO Yong-hua  LUO Jun-yan  TONG Jing-gui 《矿物学报》2008,28(4)

  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷的走滑构造作用   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

童亨茂  宓荣三  于天才  刘宝鸿  孟令箭  杨景勇 《地质学报》2008,82(8):1017-1025

渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷由于其丰富的油气资源和特殊的构造位置（郯庐断裂穿过此凹陷）,其走滑构造的深入研究,对于揭示凹陷的构造演化和对油气成藏的控制作用以及郯庐断裂北段新生代的活动历史有重要意义。本文通过辽河西部凹陷三维地震资料系统的构造解析,并结合砂箱模拟实验,揭示了辽河西部凹陷存在多种与右行走滑相关的构造形迹,包括雁列正断层带、“梳状”构造、花状构造、“显形”和“隐伏”走滑断层等;确定了辽河西部凹陷的走滑活动开始于渐新世初期,活动强度开始时期（E3s1－2）较弱,逐渐加强,到渐新世末期（E3d1）达到最强,中新世有少量活动,上新世以来活动再次增强,活动比较显著,并持续到现今,推测整个郯庐断裂北段渐新世以来也有类似的演化历史;利用砂箱模拟实验确定在纯走滑拉分的条件下,约三分之二的走滑位移量可以转化为伸展量,并估算出辽河西部凹陷渐新世以来两侧基底累计的右行走滑位移量约为18 km,其中渐新世（E3s1－2—E3d）、中新世（N1g）、和上新世以来（N2m—Q）的走滑位移量分别为10.5 km、1.8 km和5.7 km,对应的平均走滑速度分别为0.71 mm/a、 0.10 mm/a和 1.11 mm/a。  相似文献   

Engineering and environmental problems in karst — An introduction     

Mario Parise  Jo De Waele  Francisco Gutierrez 《Engineering Geology》2008,99(3-4):91

  相似文献   

Interaction between a dam site and karst springs: The case of Supramonte (Central-East Sardinia, Italy)     

Jo De Waele   《Engineering Geology》2008,99(3-4):128

Sardinia is one of the Italian regions with the greatest number of dams per inhabitants, almost 60 for a population of only 1.5 million people. Many of these dam sites are located on non-carbonate rocks along the main rivers of the Island and their waters are used for irrigation, industrial, energy supply, drinking and flood regulation purposes.The Pedra 'e Othoni dam on the Cedrino river (Dorgali, Central-East Sardinia) is located along the threshold of the Palaeozoic basement on the Northern border of the Supramonte karst area, where water is forced to flow out of the system through several resurgences, the most famous of which is the Su Gologone vauclusian spring, used for drinking water supply. The other main outflows of the system, Su Tippari and San Pantaleo springs, are at present almost permanently submerged by the high water level of the Pedra 'e Othoni dam. In the near future water will be supplied also to other communities with a possible increase of water taken from the spring.The dam, originally meant to regulate the flooding of Cedrino river but actually used for all sorts of purposes (electricity supply, drinking water, irrigation of farmlands, industrial uses), has a maximum regulation altitude of 103 m a.s.l., only slightly less than a meter below the Su Gologone spring level (103.7 m), and 4 and 9 m respectively above the submerged Su Tippari and San Pantaleo springs.During floods of the Cedrino river, occurring on average twice a year, also the Su Gologone spring becomes submerged by the muddy waters of the lake for a time ranging between a couple of hours up to several days, making water supply impossible.The analysis of the available meteorological and hydrogeological data relative to the December 2004 flood, one of the severest of the past 100 years, suggests that the reservoir is filled in a few days time. Several flooding scenarios have been reconstructed using digital terrain models, showing that backflooding submerges most of the discharge area of the aquifer, having important repercussions also on the inland underground drainage system. The upstream flood prone areas prevalently comprise agricultural lands with some sparse houses, but also highly frequented tourist facilities. Fortunately flooding occurs outside the tourist season, thus limiting risk to a limited number of local inhabitants. Massive discharge at the dam site, instead, determines a more hazardous situation in the Cedrino coastal plain, where population density in low lying areas is much higher. To avoid flooding hazard upstream the water level in the lake should be regulated, keeping it low in the flood prone seasons, and having it filled from the end of the winter in order to have enough water stocked before the beginning of the summer. Discharge at the dam site, instead, should be done cautiously, preventing severe flooding of the coastal Cedrino plain.  相似文献   

Composition and thermal structure of the lithosphere beneath the Ethiopian plateau: evidence from mantle xenoliths in basanites, Injibara, Lake Tana Province     

S. Ferrando  M. L. Frezzotti  E.-R. Neumann  G. De Astis  A. Peccerillo  A. Dereje  Y. Gezahegn  A. Teklewold 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,93(1-2):47-78

  相似文献   

Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of open-air tailing and waste-rock dumps from the Libiola Fe-Cu sulphide mine (Eastern Liguria,Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Marescotti  C. Carbone  L. De Capitani  G. Grieco  G. Lucchetti  D. Servida 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(8):1613-1626

Active acid mine drainage (AMD) processes at the Libiola Fe-Cu sulphides mine are mainly triggered by water–rock interaction occurring within open-air tailing and waste-rock dumps. These processes are mainly controlled by exposure to weathering agents, the grain size of the dumped materials, and by the quantity of sulphides, the sulphide types, and their mode of occurrence. Due to these factors, several paragenetic stages of evolution have been recognised at different depths at different sites and within the same site. The dump samples were investigated with mineralogical (reflected- and transmitted-light optical microscopy, XRPD, and SEM-EDS) and geochemical (ICP-AES, Leco) techniques. The AMD evaluation of the tailing and waste-rock samples was performed by calculating the Maximum Potential Acidity, the Acid Neutralising Capacity, (and the Net Acid Producing Potential. The results allowed us to demonstrate that the open-air tailings had already superseded their AMD apex and are now practically inert material composed mainly of stable goethite ± lepidocrocite ± hematite assemblages. On the contrary, the sulphide-rich waste rocks still have a strong potential to produce long term AMD, causing the acidification of circulating waters and the release of several hazardous elements.  相似文献