Application of a multi‐temporal,LiDAR‐derived,digital terrain model in a landslide‐volume estimation     

Chih‐Ming Tseng  Ching‐Weei Lin  Colin P. Stark  Jin‐Kin Liu  Li‐Yuan Fei  Yu‐Chung Hsieh 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(13):1587-1601

Sediments produced by landslides are crucial in the sediment yield of a catchment, debris flow forecasting, and related hazard assessment. On a regional scale, however, it is difficult and time consuming to measure the volumes of such sediment. This paper uses a LiDAR‐derived digital terrain model (DTM) taken in 2005 and 2010 (at 2 m resolution) to accurately obtain landslide‐induced sediment volumes that resulted from a single catastrophic typhoon event in a heavily forested mountainous area of Taiwan. The landslides induced by Typhoon Morakot are mapped by comparison of 25 cm resolution aerial photographs taken before and after the typhoon in an 83.6 km² study area. Each landslide volume is calculated by subtraction of the 2005 DTM from the 2010 DTM, and the scaling relationship between landslide area and its volume are further regressed. The relationship between volume and area are also determined for all the disturbed areas (V_L = 0.452A_L^1.242) and for the crown areas of the landslides (V_L = 2.510A_L^1.206). The uncertainty in estimated volume caused by use of the LiDAR DTMs is discussed, and the error in absolute volume estimation for landslides with an area >10⁵ m² is within 20%. The volume–area relationship obtained in this study is also validated in 11 small to medium‐sized catchments located outside the study area, and there is good agreement between the calculation from DTMs and the regression formula. By comparison of debris volumes estimated in this study with previous work, it is found that a wider volume variation exists that is directly proportional to the landslide area, especially under a higher scaling exponent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A novel strategy to determine the insurance and risk control plan for natural disaster risk management   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Cheng-Wu Chen  Chun-Pin Tseng  Wen-Ko Hsu  Wei-Ling Chiang 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(2):1391-1403

This study presents an extended framework for the analysis of economic effects of natural disaster risk management. It also attempts to define and evaluate the optimal insurance arrangements. A model, the economic utility constrained-maximization model, is proposed. The purpose of this study is to establish a strategy for determining an insurance and risk control plan in which consideration is given to balancing the economic effects (e.g., decrease in costs due to damage) by disaster mitigation. Furthermore, these values are compared with risk control actions for purposes of prioritization, to provide data to help evaluate the benefit of each risk control action. Disaster insurance policy premiums in contrast are based on actuarial data taken from situations in which risk control measures are not employed. This can make such contracts unfair to responsible enterprise managers who must take risk control measures. This represents an unfair aspect of insurance policies. Enterprise managers should be able to determine the optimum arrangement between natural disaster risk control and insurance given their budget limitations. The optimal strategies aim at the best applicability and balance between risk control and insurance capability for the enterprise manager. Risk control measures can generate several risk control options for enterprise managers. Premium discounts by insurers are given in this model.  相似文献   

Hazard management and risk design by optimal statistical analysis   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Cheng-Wu Chen  Kevin Fong-Rey Liu  Chun-Pin Tseng  Wen-Ko Hsu  Wei-Ling Chiang 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(2):1707-1716

Elicitation methods are used in decision making with respect to risk hazards to allow a researcher to infer the subjective utilities of outcomes from the observed preferences of an individual. A questionnaire method is presented, in this study, which takes into account the inevitable distortion of preferences by random errors and minimizes the effect of such errors. Under mild assumptions, the method for eliciting the utilities of many outcomes is a three-stage procedure. First, the questionnaire is utilized to elicit responses from which a subjective score is defined. Second, individual risk factors are discussed. Finally, the regression model presents individual risk preferences given the overall organizational risk culture, risk management policy, risk identification, and risk analysis. This paper addresses how company managers face risk and their tolerance of risk with respect to risk management.  相似文献   

Risk and uncertainty analysis in the planning stages of a risk decision-making process   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

Wen-Ko Hsu  Chun-Pin Tseng  Wei-Ling Chiang  Cheng-Wu Chen 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(3):1355-1365

Natural disaster risk, a long-time concern in the insurance industry, is increasingly recognized as a present danger in the business strategies of risk control and enterprise management agencies. Floods and earthquakes can cause massive loss of life and infrastructure, resulting in business interruption and heavy casualties. Many of the short-term developmental strategies employed throughout the world have only served to exacerbate the impact of natural disasters. Therefore, this study presents a review of formal methods that are commonly used in risk and uncertainty analysis in planning and concludes with a critical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the different priority setting methods. Our focus is a preliminary proposal for developing an efficient probabilistic approach to facilitate design optimization that involves probabilistic constraints.  相似文献   

The impacts of natural hazards on Taiwan’s tourism industry     

Hsien-Tang Tsai  Cheng-Jui Tseng  Shian-Yang Tzeng  Tung-Ju Wu  Jen-der Day 《Natural Hazards》2012,62(1):83-91

Typhoon Morakot hit Taiwan in 2009, severely damaging the Alishan National Forest Recreation Area, a famous tourist resort in Taiwan. The only highway to this area was under repair for 10 months after the typhoon. Consequently, Alishan’s tourism industry suffered losses estimated at NT$1 billion. This work investigates the impacts of natural hazards on Taiwan’s tourism industry. First, government, university, and industry experts were invited to a focus-group interview to update criteria for tourism development in Taiwan. Next, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to rank the proposed criteria. Last, two tourist attractions, one urban and one rural, are discussed in detail. This work proposes three novel dimensions for Taiwan’s tourism development—destination attraction, destination arrangement, and contingency planning for natural hazards—which comprise nine criteria. Analytical results will provide Taiwan’s tourism industry with references for future policy-making and sustainable development.  相似文献   

A numerical study on the role of wind forcing,bottom topography,and nonhydrostacy in coastal upwelling     

Lide Jiang  Xiao-Hai Yan  Yu-Heng Tseng  Laurence C. Breaker 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

The responses of coastal upwelling to different magnitudes of wind stress over a narrow and a wide shelf are studied using a 3-D primitive equation numerical model. The results show that the position of the upwelling front depends on both the strength and the duration of the wind forcing. The comparison between different shelf widths shows that wide shelf will limit the cold water intrusion, so that the corresponding decrease in sea surface temperature is less compared to narrow shelves. Besides, the difference between hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic model results shows that nonhydrostatic effects will enhance the growth of surface meandering, and can be more pronounced near steep fronts. Although difference does exist, our results show that the nonhydrostatic effects are very small at least in this idealized study case.  相似文献   

Sensitivity test of the geodetic network in Las Cañadas Caldera, Tenerife, for volcano monitoring     

T. -T. Yu  J. Fernndez  C. -L. Tseng  M. J. Sevilla  V. Araa 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2000,103(1-4)

A 17-benchmark geodetic network in the volcanic area of the Teide Caldera, Canary Islands has been utilised several times since 1982 to detect crustal movements associated with volcanic activity within the network, as well as a procedure for solving configuration problems. The network is located on the mid-western side of the Caldera, where there are two different morphological zones that both have benchmarks. The authors performed a sensitivity test of this geodetic network for volcano monitoring purposes. To do so, we use a deformation model to calculate surface displacement caused by a dike intrusion in a homogenous half space. The depth and location of dike are changed to study the variation of the effects produced (displacements). The size and location of the intruded dike are found to play a major role in determining both the displacement pattern and magnitude. When the dike is close to the surface, there is an inversion of the surface displacement pattern and very large surface displacement at certain benchmarks. Such phenomena can serve as precursors of such dike eruptions. Our study show a clear need to extend the existing geodetic network to cover the full island for volcano monitoring purposes.  相似文献   

雨生红球藻β-胡萝卜素酮化酶基因的cDNA和基因组DNA克隆及序列分析     

滕长英  张立  秦松  曾呈奎 《海洋科学》2006,30(8):20-27

根据已知的β-胡萝卜素酮化酶(β-carotene ketolase,BKT)的cDNA序列设计引物,利用长距离PCR扩增获得了bkt基因的cDNA完整编码片段及基因组DNA片段,并对这些片断进行了序列测定。cDNA和基因组DNA比对结果表明该基因至少包括5个内含子,它们的剪切位点皆符合GU-AG规律。在比对结果中同时还发现一个19bp的短序列重复,该重复序列在bkt的cDNA和基因组DNA上都发生了多次重复,推测在BKT的表达调控中可能具有一定功能。另外,在序列比对过程中还发现本实验所获得的cDNA和基因组DNA序列与前人报道的cDNA序列之间都存在多处单碱基差异和19bp的短序列差异。  相似文献   

Taiwan and China: A unique fisheries relationship     

Huan-Sheng Tseng  Ching-Hsiewn Ou 《Marine Policy》2010

Taiwan and China have a long history of sharing marine resources in the China Seas. However, due to political issues, the two sides have yet to formalize collaboration and interaction despite such a close geographical relationship. The lack of formal collaboration means they cannot manage fisheries or conserve resources as a team. The lack of collaboration in the regional fisheries management organizations also means a mutually beneficial situation for the two sides is yet to be achieved. Recognizing this, the two sides began negotiations in 2008 and have since signed agreements on fisheries co-operation projects. This paper discusses the unique fisheries relationship between Taiwan and China, and the characteristics of their fishing industries. The paper also presents the latest update on the collaboration between the two sides. Finally, this paper proposes practical solutions for resolving outstanding issues between the two sides’ fishing industries.  相似文献   

Light and electron microscope observations onNephroselmis gaoae sp. nov. (Prasinophyceae)     

C. K. Tseng  Chen Jiao-fen  Zhang Zhe-fu  Zhang Hui-qi 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1994,12(3):201-207

Nephroselmis gaoae sp. nov. is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations of cultured material originally collected and isolated from seawater of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The periplasts on the cell body and flagella are covered by five types of scales, two types on the flagella and three on the body. Among these, the morphology and the number of spines of large stellate body scales differ remarkably from those of previously described species ofNephroselmis. Apart from these, the unusual fine structure of the eyespot (stigma) is very characteristic. As in the other species ofNephroselmis, the eyespot lies immediately under the two-membraned chloroplast envelope; unlike the others, however, it is not composed of a number of osmiophilic globules, but consists of about 14 curved rod-shaped osmiophilic bodies arranged loosely and randomly. This feature distinguishes the present new species not only from the other species ofNephroselmis but also from the other motile algal species, the eyespots structure of which had been previously described. Contribution No. 2316 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper was presented at the XIVth International Seaweed Symposium held in Brittany, France, 1992.  相似文献