GeoNat v1.0: A dataset for natural feature mapping with artificial intelligence and supervised learning     

Samantha T. Arundel  Wenwen Li  Sizhe Wang 《Transactions in GIS》2020,24(3):556-572

Machine learning allows “the machine” to deduce the complex and sometimes unrecognized rules governing spatial systems, particularly topographic mapping, by exposing it to the end product. Often, the obstacle to this approach is the acquisition of many good and labeled training examples of the desired result. Such is the case with most types of natural features. To address such limitations, this research introduces GeoNat v1.0, a natural feature dataset, used to support artificial intelligence‐based mapping and automated detection of natural features under a supervised learning paradigm. The dataset was created by randomly selecting points from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Geographic Names Information System and includes approximately 200 examples each of 10 classes of natural features. Resulting data were tested in an object‐detection problem using a region‐based convolutional neural network. The object‐detection tests resulted in a 62% mean average precision as baseline results. Major challenges in developing training data in the geospatial domain, such as scale and geographical representativeness, are addressed in this article. We hope that the resulting dataset will be useful for a variety of applications and shed light on training data collection and labeling in the geospatial artificial intelligence domain.  相似文献   

A multi‐modal transportation data‐driven approach to identify urban functional zones: An exploration based on Hangzhou City,China     

Zhenhong Du  Xiaoyi Zhang  Wenwen Li  Feng Zhang  Renyi Liu 《Transactions in GIS》2020,24(1):123-141

Recent urban studies have used human mobility data such as taxi trajectories and smartcard data as a complementary way to identify the social functions of land use. However, little work has been conducted to reveal how multi‐modal transportation data impact on this identification process. In our study, we propose a data‐driven approach that addresses the relationships between travel behavior and urban structure: first, multi‐modal transportation data are aggregated to extract explicit statistical features; then, topic modeling methods are applied to transform these explicit statistical features into latent semantic features; and finally, a classification method is used to identify functional zones with similar latent topic distributions. Two 10‐day‐long “big” datasets from the 2,370 bicycle stations of the public bicycle‐sharing system, and up to 9,992 taxi cabs within the core urban area of Hangzhou City, China, as well as point‐of‐interest data are tested to reveal the extent to which different travel modes contribute to the detection and understanding of urban land functions. Our results show that: (1) using latent semantic features delineated from the topic modeling process as the classification input outperforms approaches using explicit statistical features; (2) combining multi‐modal data visibly improves the accuracy and consistency of the identified functional zones; and (3) the proposed data‐driven approach is also capable of identifying mixed land use in the urban space. This work presents a novel attempt to uncover the hidden linkages between urban transportation patterns with urban land use and its functions.  相似文献   

基于红外光谱技术的内蒙古达斯矿区蚀变地质填图及其勘查指示意义     

李兵院  郭娜  支立佳  杨文文  谢周  王潇  魏德贤 《地质学报》2024,98(2):623-635

红外光谱技术,辅以显微镜下鉴定和矿物地球化学分析,通过系统采集达斯矿区地表岩石与钻孔岩芯样品,开展精细蚀变矿物填图,利用绢云母矿物Al- OH基团在2200 nm附近的光谱变化特征,开展勘查区及其外围的找矿预测。结果显示：① 研究区主要矿物为钠长石、微斜长石、石英、绢云母、高岭石、蒙脱石和绿泥石,另含有少量明矾石、电气石、石膏和黑云母等;② 电气石、明矾石、高岭石和绢云母矿物及其组合与成矿关系密切,具有中硫化浅成低温热液型矿床蚀变矿物组合特征;③ 目前已发现的Pb矿（化）体,主要产于300 m以浅,矿体底板为一套蒙脱石+绿泥石为主的蚀变矿物组合。矿体赋存于绢云母（高岭石+少量明矾石+电气石）蚀变带内,蚀变分带特征（矿化体中心向外）表现为：绢云母化→绢云母+高岭石（+少量明矾石+电气石）→绢云母+蒙脱石→蒙脱石+绿泥石;④ 区内长波绢云母指示了深部热源的位置,短波绢云母反映出热液流体与浅部大气降水的混合作用,根据绢云母矿物Al- OH波长插值填图及矿物组合特征变化确定了成矿流体pH值偏中性、温度逐渐降低的变化趋势;⑤ 绢云母矿物在2200 nm附近的光谱吸收深度与Pb品位之间呈正相关关系,10%吸收深度阈值可区分具有相似Al- OH吸收特征的绢云母和高岭石矿物;⑥ 结合GIS空间叠加分析,认为勘查区外围仍具一定找矿潜力。  相似文献   

地基合成孔径雷达的边坡形变监测应用研究     

王军飞  肖慎轲  刘东烈  汪雯雯  彭军还 《测绘科学》2021,46(5):58-65

针对露天矿开采过程中边坡发生形变导致失稳的问题,使用地基合成孔径雷达对矿坑边坡进行形变监测.基于小基线集技术,该文提出以PS点相位相干系数的均值作为子集划分的参考指标,并提出在子集内采用粗差探测技术对PS点进行时间维解缠,有效削弱了子集内的大气延迟影响并防止了解缠误差在空间域的传递.通过首云铁矿边坡形变监测实验,结果表明:该文提出的方法能有效处理GB-SAR边坡连续监测数据,能够获取露天矿边坡PS点在监测期的时间序列形变,该方法在边坡稳定性监测方面具有实用性.  相似文献   

Metadata and provenance for spatial analysis: the case of spatial weights     

Luc Anselin  Sergio J. Rey  Wenwen Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(11):2261-2280

Within a CyberGIS environment, the development of effective mechanisms to encode metadata for spatial analytical methods and to track the provenance of operations is a key requirement. Spatial weights are a fundamental element in a wide range of spatial analysis methods that deal with testing for and estimating models with spatial autocorrelation. They form the link between the data structure in a GIS and the spatial analysis methods. Over time, the number of formats for spatial weights implemented in software has proliferated, without any standard or easy interoperability. In this paper, we propose a flexible format that provides a way to ensure interoperability within a cyberinfrastructure environment. We illustrate the format with an application of a spatial weights web service, which is part of an evolving spatial analytical workbench. We describe an approach to embed provenance in spatial weights structures and illustrate the performance of the web service by means of a number of small experiments.  相似文献   

山东地区三类典型制药企业的VOCs源成分谱及排放特征研究     

苑雯雯  王霞  高素莲  孙晓艳  范国兰  王琛 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(6):758-766

制药行业因在提取等过程中使用有机溶剂排放大量挥发性有机物（VOCs）而备受关注.本研究在山东省选择化学合成、生物发酵、中药共三家制药企业开展了107种VOCs组分的监测和分析,并建立制药企业的VOCs源成分谱.研究结果表明：化学合成类和生物发酵类制药企业排放总质量浓度均超过20 mg/m³,中药制药企业的样品的平均质量浓度相对较小,为902.66 μg/m³.本研究所分析的107种组分中,以含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）为主,三家企业均超过75%,其中,化学合成制药类卤代烃物种的占比较高.企业类型、生产环节、收集排放措施等是影响VOCs成分的重要因素.  相似文献   

新时代防震减灾科普宣传优化策略研究          下载免费PDF全文

汪丹丹  王远  吴雯雯  王雪怡  汤培亮 《地震科学进展》2022,52(1):32-36

本文汇总近年来全国及安徽省防震减灾科普宣传开展情况及其效果,结合未来经济社会和技术发展的趋势,通过多种形式的调查研究并结合传播学的相关理论进行分析,提出新时代防震减灾科普宣传优化策略。   相似文献   

宁夏照壁山铁矿成矿地质特征与找矿方向          下载免费PDF全文

李净  海连富  母彩霞  马文文  杨站伟 《地质找矿论丛》2018,33(2):243-247

文章从区域地质背景和矿区地质特征入手,结合前人研究成果,深入分析了照壁山铁矿床地质特征和成矿规律,探讨了矿床成因类型,建立了找矿标志。研究发现:照壁山铁矿主要产于石炭系土坡组和臭牛沟组的砂岩、粉砂岩中,矿体主要沿着近EW向的断裂和裂隙分布,构造控矿明显;矿体多呈脉状、透镜状、似层状,具有原生矿石和氧化矿石2中类型,围岩蚀变表现为硅化、褐铁矿化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化等,围岩蚀变较强;铁矿的形成主要与中酸性岩浆的侵入关系密切,矿床类型为中低温热液矿床;近EW向的构造破碎带、弧形构造的扩容带、层间裂隙以及"硅钙面"附近是寻找铁矿的有利部位,在其深部还具有较大找矿潜力。  相似文献   

Analysis of spatial distribution of global energy-related CO2 emissions     

Ming Zhang  Wenwen Wang 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(2):165-171

The purpose of this paper is to use the gravity theory to study the spatial distribution and centers of gravity for the global energy-related CO₂ emissions and to determine how they have changed over time. The main results are as follows: (1) In 2011, global energy-related CO₂ emissions reached 34,032.74 Mt, and Asia was the largest CO₂ emitter, which accounted for 45.25 % of total CO₂ emissions in the world. (2) Since 2006, China has exceeded the USA and become the biggest CO₂ emissions country. (3) In terms of the annual growth speed of CO₂ emissions, China is the fastest, followed by India, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and South Africa. (4) During the study period, the center of gravity for CO₂ emissions is an overall movement toward the southeast, and Asia has become the center of gravity for CO₂ emissions.  相似文献   

Precise orbit determination of the Haiyang 2C altimetry satellite using attitude modeling     

Wang  Youcun  Li  Min  Jiang  Kecai  Li  Wenwen  Zhao  Qile  Peng  Hailong  Lin  Minseng 《GPS Solutions》2022,26(1):1-15

GPS Solutions - The precise satellite clock bias prediction is critical in improving the positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) service capabilities of the global navigation satellite system...  相似文献