OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF SEA SURFACE WIND OVER THE QIONGZHOU STRAIT   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

许向春  辛吉武  梁国锋  邢绪煌  陈有龙  谢寒生 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(4):402-408

The spatial variation and diurnal fluctuation of sea surface wind over the Qiongzhou Strait were described using verified datasets from automatic weather stations on board a ferry, buoys, and on the coast. Results are as follows: (1) On average, sea surface wind speed is 3–4 m/s larger over the Qiongzhou Strait than in the coastal area. Sea surface wind speeds of 8.0 m/s or above (on Beaufort scale five) in the coastal area are associated with speeds 5–6 m/s greater over the surface of the Qiongzhou Strait. (2) Gust coefficients for the Qiongzhou Strait decrease along with increasing wind speeds. When coastal wind speed is less than scale five, the average gust coefficient over the sea surface is between 1.4 and 1.5; when wind speed is equal to scale five or above, the average gust coefficient is about 1.35. (3) In autumn and winter, the diurnal differences of average wind speed and wind consistency over the strait are less than those in the coastal area; when wind speed is 10.8 m/s (scale six) or above, the diurnal difference of average wind speed decreases while wind consistency increases for both the strait and the coast.  相似文献   

Aerosol Optical Properties Affected by a Strong Dust Storm over Central and Northern China     

XIN Jinyuan  DU Wupeng  WANG Yuesi  GAO Qingxian  Zhanqing LI  WANG Mingxing 《大气科学进展》2010,27(3):562-574

Aerosol observational data at 8 ground-based observation sites in the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network(CSHNET)were analyzed to characterize the optical properties of aerosol particles during the strong dust storm of 16-21 April 2005.The observational aerosol optical depth(AOD)increased significantly during this dust storm at sites in Beijing city(86%),Beijing forest(84%),Xianghe(13%),Shapotou(27%),Shenyang(47%),Shanghai(23%),and Jiaozhou Bay(24%).The API(air pollution index)in Beijing and Tianjin also had a similar rise during the dust storm,while the Angstrm exponent(α)declined evidently at sites in Beijing city(21%),Beijing forest(39%),Xianghe(19%),Ordos(77%),Shapotou(50%),Shanghai(12%),and Jiaozhou Bay(21%),respectively.Furthermore,The observational AOD andαdemonstrated contrary trends during all storm stages(pre-dust storm,dust storm,and post-dust storm),with the AOD indicating an obvious"Valley-Peak-Valley"pattern of variation,whileαdemonstrated a"Peak-Valley-Peak"pattern. In addition,the dust module in a regional climate model(RegCM3)simulated the dust storm occurrence and track accurately and RegCM3 was able to basically simulate the trends in AOD.The simulation results for the North China stations were the best,and the simulation for dust-source stations was on the high side,while the simulation was on the low side for coastal sites.  相似文献   

上海世博园上空边界层风垂直变化观测研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

辛跳儿  贺千山  魏海茹  刘冬韡  周广强  杨何群  邵德民 《高原气象》2009,28(1):127-135

利用平矩阵风廓线雷达于2007年7月17日至9月28日对上海世博园规划区上空的风垂直分布进行了观测.通过分析该地上空三维风场的日变化,发现夜间以偏西气流为主,白天风速较小,以偏东气流为主,表明该地区以海陆风为主导的环流特征是这一地区的局地环流日变化的基本特征.逐日变化分析表明,在8月2日以前主要以偏西北气流为主,之后基本是以东南气流为主,并且垂直运动特征以上升气流为主,强烈的垂直运动与偏西气流相关密切,同时偏北气流往往带来较强的上升运动.日夜平均廓线分析表明,夜间风速较大,并且夜间风速的垂直变化与白天相比也有很大不同,白天270 m以下风速随高度基本不变,而夜间从近地面向上风速随高度逐渐增大,低层<90 m的范围内白天风速大于夜间风速.城市冠层以上风向的日夜变化不明显,多为偏北气流控制.城郊风廓线的对比表明受城市下垫面粗糙度的影响,城市风速明显比郊区减小.城市和郊区的水平风速变化在城市冠层以上比较接近,相关系数达到了87%.  相似文献   

EVALUATION OF TEMPERATURE RECORDS OBTAINED BY AWS IN HAINAN PROVINCE AND ADJUSTMENT OF CLIMATOLOGICAL TIME SERIES   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

辛吉武  许向春  邢旭煌  严经敏 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2008,14(2):117-120

Based on the parallel air temperature data of automatic sounding and manual observations at 16 weather stations in Hainan province from 2004 to 2005, a comparative analysis and evaluation is made for validity according to relevant standards. The results indicate that there are daily and seasonal differences between temperature observations recorded by automatic weather stations (AWSs) and with conventional methods. The reasons for the differences are the systematic error, the sensitivity of the two types of instruments to the environmental temperature change, the difference of the observation time and the effect of solar radiation. Because the long-range data were obtained from manual observation, an empirical conversion formula between the temperature records obtained by the instruments is provided for continuous use of the climate data after the changes in instruments.  相似文献   

苏尼尔水文站气象要素对比分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汤世珍  辛琳  辛鹏  苗燕 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2010,4(3):49-51

根据苏尼尔水文站新气象站与原气象站2007年10月—2008年9月的气温、降水量、水面蒸发量等同期观测资料,分析了各气象要素随位置及地形的变化特征。结果表明,气温随高度升高而降低,降水量随高度升高而增大;新气象站位于苏尼尔河出山口,受地形因素影响,风速相对较大,大风出现频次高,蒸发量较大,大多数月份没有出现蒸发量随高度升高而减小的变化趋势。  相似文献   

Climate and Forecast Mode Simulations for Antarctica: Implications for Temperature and Wind     

XIN Yufei  Annette RINKE  BIAN Lingen  Klaus DETHLOFF  XIAO Cunde  Moritz MIELKE 《大气科学进展》2010,27(6):1453-1472

Climate and forecast mode simulations with the regional climate model HIRlam-ECHAM(HIRHAM) are evaluated over a pan-Antarctic domain. The ability of the model to simulate temperature and wind profiles in the troposphere is quantified by comparing its results with radiosonde data acquired from the Davis station for January and July 2007. Compared to the climate mode, the forecast mode was found to deliver improved results for temperature and wind simulations at the near surface and in the lower troposphere. The main remaining model bias found was the under-representation of low-level wind jets. Based on ensemble simulations, it is shown that a distinct internal variability is inherent in the climate mode simulations, and associated areas of reduced predictability over Antarctica are identified.  相似文献   

区域大气模式中陆面子模式起转过程的研究     

刘树华  蒋浩宇  胡非  张称意  刘和平  梁福明  辛国君  王建华 《气象学报》2008,66(3):351-358

模式的起转过程(spin-up)是指在非平衡初值或扰动的条件下,模式进行调整而达到平衡态的过程.以黑河实验(HEIFE) 1991年6月20日到7月20日张掖站观测的地表能量通量和土壤温度资料为基础,用大量数值实验研究了RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System)陆面子模式起转过程所需的时间范围.数值实验中,为细致考虑土壤初始参数对此过程的影响,共设计了40余组不同的初始土壤水、热参数.通过模拟结果分析,把RAMS陆面模式起转过程的表现归纳为4大类,并说明了这个过程的持续时间可能因为土壤初始参数的不同而产生较大的差异,其范围可能为数小时至一周以上.在判断RAMS模拟地表、低空物理量时,土壤含水量是判断模式是否达到平衡态的重要因子.  相似文献   

新疆年降水量的时空变化特征   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7  

辛渝  陈洪武  张广兴  张新  卢戈  博力健 《高原气象》2008,27(5)

根据新疆1961—2005年88个气象站点的年降水量资料,采用气候趋势系数、Kendall-τ检验、REOF/RPCA、Morlet小波分析以及交叉谱分析等方法,分析了新疆年降水量的变化趋势,并对年降水量场进行客观分区。新疆年降水量场可划分为6个子区域:北疆西部及北疆沿天山型、中天山及吐鲁番盆地型、南疆西部型、北疆北部及东天山型、塔里木盆地型、南疆东南部型。在此基础上,研究了新疆年降水量变化的区域特征和年代际、年际变化的多时间尺度的周期特征,并分析了各子气候区平均年降水量变化之间的相关关系。结果表明,新疆大部分区域最干旱时段在1960—1970年代。1980年代以来,除沙漠盆地外,新疆年降水不同程度地呈现出显著增加趋势。新疆各子气候区平均年降水量的年代际或年际周期变化并非均相同,而且具有显著的6年准耦合振荡。北疆西部沿天山与中天山在多个频域段上具有显著的耦合振荡,其次是与北疆北部及东天山也具有较好的耦合振荡,与南疆西部具有显著的5,6年的反位相耦合振荡,与塔里木盆地仅在6年周期中具有显著的反位相耦合关系。除6年的耦合振荡外,新疆年降水量自然气候分区的异常变化大多从北向南,从西向东依次出现。  相似文献   

基于DEM的农业指标温度分析——以甘肃河东地区为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张旭东  秘晓东  辛吉武  尹东  王润元 《冰川冻土》2009,31(5):880-884

基于甘肃河东地区61个气象近30a(1971—2000年)的气温资料计算了≥0℃、≥10℃积温;利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术对≥0℃和≥10℃积温进行了数据栅格化.结果表明:甘肃省河东地区≥0℃积温、≥10℃活动和有效积温与经度和海拔的相关性达到极显著水平,推算积温与实际积温的相对误比较小,数据栅格化的≥0℃积温、≥10℃活动和有效积温空间分布比实际积温更突显地域差别,这种巨大差异对农业结构的多样性发展提供了条件;气候变暖使热量资源增加,对农业的影响还与降水资源有关系.  相似文献   

1980-2005年藏东南然乌湖流域冰川湖泊变化研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

辛晓冬  姚檀栋  叶庆华  郭柳平  杨威 《冰川冻土》2009,31(1):19-26

基于1980年地形图和1988年、2001年Landsat数据以及2005年中巴资源卫星数据,对藏东南然乌湖流域1980-2005年25 a来冰川和湖泊的面积变化进行了研究.结果表明:1980-2005年间,冰川面积从496.64 km2减少到466.94 km2,冰川萎缩了29.7 km2,萎缩速率为1.19 km2·a-1 ,萎缩量占冰川总面积的5.98%,冰川面积占流域总面积的比例从22.42%减小到21.08%.区域冰碛湖泊面积则从1980年29.79 km2增大到2005年33.27 km2,湖泊面积扩大了3.48 km2,增加的速率为0.14km2·a-1,扩大面积占湖泊总面积的11.68%,湖泊而积占流域总面积的比例从1.34%增加到11.5%.其中,冰川面积在1980-1988年萎缩速率为1.73 km2·a-1 ,1988-2001年为0.82 km2·a-1和2001-2005年为1.3 km2·a-1.而湖泊面积在1980-1988年扩涨速率为0.11 km2·a-1,1988-2001年为0.12 km2·a-1,2001-2005年为0.27 km2·a-1,湖泊逐年加速扩涨.从流域内的气象数据来看,温度升高,是该区域冰川萎缩的根本原因,湖泊加速扩涨主要受到冰川萎缩,冰川融水量加大的影响.  相似文献