On gradings for one — dimensional seismologic predictions     

Weiping Qin 《地震科学（英文版）》1992,5(1):177-185

This paper gives a complete commentary on some popular gradings which based on the 2×2 contingency table, for one—dimensional seismologic prediction. It contains:

1. In view of the statistical correlation, the Wallen gradingV=√QS is the most equitable one amomg all gradings.
2. Each one of the three gradings: Zhenchao Gu gradingS, Obuhov gradingQ and Shaoxie Xu gradingR, has its own inadequacy although they are so easy for use.
3. A set of gradings can be derived fromV. The harmonic mean ofS andQ, H(S,Q) and the Hedike gradingS _H are the members of this set. The order of some popular gradings are given in Theorem 5. 3.
4. In view of the measure of the overlapping part a gradingW is introduced. Another set of gradings may be derived from it. The index of efficiencyh is the severest one among this set.

  相似文献   

不同登陆地点影响福建的台风灾害时空特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈香  陈静 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2006,1(4):55-61

根据福建省灾害性气象年鉴和福建省气候影响评价资料,建立以县域为单元的福建省台风灾害数据库(按登陆地点建立分库),运用Excel软件和Mapinfo技术,重建了1980～2005年不同登陆地点影响福建省的台风灾害时空格局.研究表明:不同登陆地点影响福建省的台风灾害年际变化总体都呈波动上升趋势,年内明显集中在7～9月份、群发性强;空间上分布差异较大,登陆福建沿海的台风灾害Tzc高值中心集中分布在闽中北沿海,登陆广东影响福建的台风灾害Tzc高值中心集中分布在闽南沿海和闽西的龙岩、漳平和永定,登陆台湾影响福建的台风灾害Tzc高值中心主要分布在厦门市和闽中北沿海地区,登陆浙江影响福建的台风灾害Tzc高值中心主要分布在闽东北沿海和闽西北局部.  相似文献   

Cs and Cl NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics modeling of Cs and Cl complexation with natural organic matter     

Xiang Xu 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(17):4319-4331

Interaction of dissolved aqueous species with natural organic matter (NOM) is thought to be important in sequestering some species and enhancing the transport of others, but little is known about these interactions on a molecular scale. This paper describes a combined experimental ¹³³Cs and ³⁵Cl nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computational molecular dynamics (MD) modeling study of the interaction of Cs⁺ and Cl⁻ with Suwannee River NOM. The results provide a detailed picture of the molecular-scale structure and dynamics of these interactions. Individual NOM molecules are typically hundreds to thousands of Daltons in weight, and on the molecular scale their interaction with small dissolved species can be investigated in ways similar to those used to study the interaction of dissolved aqueous species with mineral surfaces. As for such surface interactions, understanding both the structural environments and the dynamics over a wide range of frequencies is essential. The NMR results show that Cs⁺ is associated with NOM at pH values from 3.4 ± 0.5 (unbuffered Suwannee River NOM solution) to 9.0 ± 0.5. The extent of interaction increases with decreasing CsCl concentration at constant pH. It also decreases with increasing pH at constant CsCl concentration due to pH-dependent negative structural charge development on the NOM caused by progressive deprotonation of carboxylic and phenolic groups. The presence of NOM has little effect on the ¹³³Cs chemical shifts, demonstrating that its local coordination environment does not change significantly due to interaction with the NOM. Narrow, solution-like line widths indicate rapid exchange of Cs⁺ between the NOM and bulk solution at frequencies of >10² Hz. The MD simulations support these results and show that Cs⁺ is associated with the NOM principally as outer sphere complexes and that this interaction does not reduce the Cs⁺ diffusion coefficient sufficiently to cause NMR line broadening. The ³⁵Cl NMR data and the MD results are consistent in demonstrating that there is no significant complexation between Cl⁻ and NOM in the pH range investigated, consistent with negative structural charge on the NOM.  相似文献   

海滨湿地生态系统的热点研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

钦佩 《湿地科学与管理》2006,2(1):7-11

海滨湿地具有强大的生态服务功能,然而由于人类活动的长期和强烈干扰,导致该系统严重受损和退化。海滨湿地生态系统的严重退化引起国内外学术界的高度关注。有关其退化及生态恢复的研究热点涉及该系统的演化与机制、对外来种入侵的响应与生态控制、退化海滨湿地生态系统的修复、生态系统健康的评估及其保护与利用平衡的研究。本文综述了上述热点研究的进展,有利于把握国际前沿研究动态,借鉴最新研究方法和经验,推动我国在这一领域的研究尽快赶上国际先进水平。  相似文献   

Comparison of magnetic parameters with vehicular Br levels in urban roadside soils     

Xue-Song Wang  Yong Qin 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(6):787-791

Chemical methods are generally chosen to monitor soil pollution but magnetic measurements proved to yield additional information at low cost and less time consumption. In this investigation, the novel use of rapid and non-destructive magnetic measurements to characterize Br levels in Xuzhou (China) urban roadside soils was reported. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was used to quantify Br in the soil samples. Data from 21 roadside soil samples confirm Br contamination, with a mean level of 4.36 mg kg⁻¹ and a range of 2.4–8.7 mg kg⁻¹. These values are higher than that of unpolluted soils in Xuzhou that averages 1.1 mg kg⁻¹. Hierarchical clustering analysis shows Br in Xuzhou roadside soils is mainly from road traffic. Clear correlations between Br levels and simple magnetic parameters [mass specific susceptibility (χ _LF), susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χ _ARM), saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM)] are observed. The present study shows that these three magnetic parameters can be used as a proxy for Br levels in Xuzhou urban roadside soils.  相似文献   

泰安地区地下水利用与环境问题研究     

张芹  张新明  周爱民  杨丰云  张忠科 《地下水》2005,27(4):280-281

以泰安地区地下水做为研究对象,对其利用历史及现状进行了概述,对区域地下水位持续下降问题、地下水降落漏斗情况、地面沉降现象等环境问题进行了研究,并提出了相应的解决对策.  相似文献   

层序的测井、地震响应特征研究   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  

田景春  张翔  聂永生  夏青松  赵强  韦东晓  李强  李国忠  吴琦 《物探化探计算技术》2005,27(4):321-326

在层序地层学研究中,关键是层序划分和对比。而层序划分、对比的关键是层序识别。层序的识别包括层序界面(层序的底界面、初始海泛面和最大海泛面)的识别和构成层序的体系域识别。这里,在众多前人研究成果的基础上,详细研究了层序的测井、地震响应特征,即层序界面和体系域在测井曲线上和地震剖面上的特征。其中,层序底界面在测井上表现为突变的钟型、箱型或侧积式曲线的底界;在地震剖面上表现为剥蚀、顶超、上超、下超;而体系域在测井曲线上的响应为:低水位体系域的海底扇以漏斗形中、高幅的前积式,或钟型中、低幅的后积式模式为特征,陆坡扇成钟型、正向齿形,自下而上幅度由中高幅→低幅,即具后积式测井模式,低水位楔的测井曲线表现为旋回性进积模式特征,其特征表现为锯齿状箱型。海侵体系域的测井曲线呈现向上变细、变深序列,并表现为钟型、正向齿形或齿化状,幅度由高幅变化为低幅,包络线具后积式特征。高水位体系域相应的测井曲线呈现中幅箱形或桶形,不同体系域在地震剖面上的响应特征明显不同。  相似文献   

激光剥蚀等离子体质谱分析中激光剥蚀参数对信号响应的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

徐鸿志靳兰兰  李爱荣帅琴 胡圣虹 《岩矿测试》2005,24(3):171-175

探讨了激光剥蚀等离子体质谱固体微区分析中激光剥蚀参数对元素分析信号灵敏度及稳定性的影响。这些参数包括激光功率、脉冲频率、剥蚀孔经、散焦距离、剥蚀方式等。讨论了优化的激光剥蚀等离子体质谱信号采集及数据处理方式。在全质量范围内选用具有代表性的元素作为研究对象,建立了激光剥蚀的一般性特征规律和266nm紫外激光系统的最佳操作条件。在选定的激光剥蚀参数下,大多数被测元素的检出限为22.8~457ng/g,能够满足固体微区分析的要求。  相似文献   

年度考核现状分析及改进对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周芹 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(1):64-67

通过对现行年度考核体系的现状分析，着重探讨如何改进考核办法，充实考核内容，建立科学有效的考评体系，提高考核效率，充分发挥年度考核结果在干部选拔、薪酬福利、培训开发、人员招聘和配置、个人职业生涯发展中的重大作用。  相似文献   

南苏鲁芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩中橄榄石的“C”类组构及其形成条件探讨   总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5  

许志琴陈晶  王勤曾令森  杨经绥陈方远李天福  梁凤华 《岩石学报》2005,21(2):389-397

上地幔地震的各向异性主要归因于橄榄石的优选方位,不同的橄榄石优选方位模式可以作为上地幔不同动力学作用的指示剂。不同应力和含水量条件下的高温变形实验已经确定出五类橄榄石组构模式(“A”型、“B”型、“C”型、“D”型和“E”型)。本文运用电子背散射(EBSD)技术对来自苏鲁超高压变质带南部的芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩的橄榄石进行了优选方位测定,不同变形程度的橄榄石均显示了[100]轴近垂直于面理和[001]轴近平行于线理的特征,为“C”类组构模式,可见组构类型与变形程度没有关系,并且橄榄石组构所显示的NW向SE的剪切指向,与围岩-正、副片麻岩中形成于折返过程的石英优选方位所显示的SE向NW的剪切指向完全不同,说明芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩中橄榄石的“C”类组构是折返前形成的。结合橄榄石结构水的测量和已有的芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩形成的温压条件,推测该组构形成于含水俯冲带中,认为芝麻房石榴石橄榄岩的原岩来自于高含水的上部地幔楔碎块,与俯冲的陆壳物质一起经历了超高压变质作用并最终折返至地表。  相似文献