Scientific Objectives of China-Russia Joint Mars Exploration Program YH-1     

Ji Wu  Guang-Wu Zhu  Hua Zhao  Chi Wang  Lei Li  Yue-Qiang Sun  Wei Guo  Cheng-Li Huang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2010

Compared with other planets, Mars is a planet most similar with the earth and most possible to find the extraterrestrial life on it, and therefore especially concerned about by human beings. In recent years, some countries have launched Mars probes and announced their manned Mars exploration programs. China has become the fifth country in the world to launch independently artificial satellites, and the third country able to carry out an independent manned space program. However, China is just at the beginning of deep space explorations. In 2007, China and Russia signed an agreement on a joint Mars exploration program by sending a Chinese micro-satellite Yinghuo-1 (YH-1) to the Mars orbit. Once YH-1 enters its orbit, it will carry out its own exploration, as well as the joint exploration with the Russian Phobos-Grunt probe. This paper summarizes the scientific background and objectives of YH-1 and describes briefly its payloads for realizing these scientific objectives. In addition, the main exploration tasks of YH-1 and a preliminary prospect on its exploration results are also given.  相似文献   

陕北植被变化遥感监测及对径流的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

孙智辉  罗琳  苏锋  李新亚 《气象科技》2007,35(2):282-285

陕北北部是我国水土流失最为严重的地区,年输入黄河的泥沙量占全河的38%。1999年实施退耕还林草工程后,退耕还林草面积达9617.2 km2。利用1998-2004年NOAA卫星遥感资料,计算陕北北部地区归一化植被指数,发现陕北植被指数增幅在50%-200%之间,其中吴旗县增幅最大。对延安北部及榆林市1998-2004年降水量资料分析,得出植被指数增加是退耕还林草工程初见成效,不是由于降水变化引起的。利用1980-2004年吴旗县气象站观测的降水量和水文站所测径流量进行时间序列相关分析、典型年对比分析,得出该县植被变化对年径流量产生了影响,年径流量和泥沙量减少近一半,对保持水土有积极意义。  相似文献   

Iron and phosphorus effects on the growth of Cryptomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae) and their availability in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Huan-Xin Weng  Ya-Chao Qin  Xiang-Wei Sun  Hailiang Dong  Xiang-Hua Chen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):501-509

Based on lab-culture experiments analyzing limitation and combination of iron and phosphorus on the growth of Cryptomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae), and the study of accumulation and release of Fe-bound P in sediment cores collected from the marine region of the Pearl River Estuary, China, reasons for the high frequency of phytoplankton bloom therein are discussed. Results show that the combined effect of Fe and P can obviously accelerate algal development, and the optimum culture conditions maintaining maximum growth rate are 0.05 μM Fe and 50 μM P. Cellular contents of Fe and P is consistent and the P:Fe molar ratio is 159:1. The optimum range of the P:Fe molar ratio in culture experiments for cell incubation is 500–1400. The vertical trends of total Fe and total P variations in sediments are parallel. Fe-bound P is the main species of inorganic sedimentary P. Through continuous leaching with agitation, 34–80% of exchangeable P and 4–23% of exchangeable Fe are concurrently released from the surficial sediments. This is a possible way by which nutrients are made available to phytoplankton. These factors might be responsible for a high frequency of harmful algal blooms in the Pearl River Estuary.  相似文献   

Endogenic Au-Ag polymetallic ore deposits and ore-bearing potentiality of strata     

Baode Wang  Shuyin Niu  Aiqun Sun  Yan Xie  Yi Luo  Hailong Liu  Yanhua Wang 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(4):407-415

The problem of ore-bearing potentiality of the strata involves metallogenic theory and ore-search orientation. Studies of the spatial distribution of endogenic Au-Ag polymetallic ore deposits in North Hebei indicated that the strata in which ore deposits occurred range in age from Paleozoic, Proterozoic to Mesozoic. In addition the ore deposits are characterized as being strata-bound in nature. The arise and establishment of “extracting” viewpoint may be attributed to the following three reasons: 1) influence by the idea of “ore-source bed”; 2) limitation of analytical techniques in the 1980s’ (especially gold element); and 3) a small number of samples (sampling locations were mostly disturbed by mineralization). Studies have shown that ore-forming materials would most probably come from the deep interior of the Earth. Deep-seated ore-bearing materials including Au-Ag polymetals were brought to the shallow levels by way of mantle plume-mantle sub-plume-mantle branch structure multi-stage evolution, finally leading to the formation of ore deposits.  相似文献   

青海德合龙洼金铜矿床地质地球化学特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

傅晓明  息朝庄 《地质找矿论丛》2010,25(2):124-128,140

通过对青海德合龙洼金铜矿床矿石稀土元素、微量元素、铅硫同位素地球化学特征的研究,稀土总量(ΣREE)为14.22×10-6~176.54×10-6;LREE/HREE为2.37~12.19,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,大部分具有正铕异常;微量元素中Ba,Sr,Ti亏损,低场强元素含量较低,高场强元素Sc,Th,U,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta中,Zr的质量分数最高,亲铁元素中V强烈富集;硫同位素δ(34S)=+2.2×10-3~+7.0×10-3,平均值为+4.98×10-3,均一化程度较高;铅同位素的数据点主要分布于上地壳铅和造山带铅之间;认为德合龙洼金矿的成矿物质来源主要为壳幔混合源。  相似文献   

汶川地震映秀-北川地表破裂带虹口乡段精细填图、位移特征和地震构造分析   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

刘静  孙杰  张智慧  文力  邢秀臣  胡古月  许强 《第四纪研究》2010,30(1):1-29

同震地表破裂带是地震破裂最直观的表现。地表破裂带的精细填图对理解地震破裂过程及发震机理有着重要意义。我们对5.12汶川地震映秀-北川同震破裂带南部的虹口乡区段开展了较为精细的填图工作,该区段地表破裂带的平面几何和同震位移特征沿走向均显示出公里尺度的横向变化和复杂性。根据同震破裂不连续性特征可把地表破裂分为4段,自南向北依次为深溪沟段、庙坝段、高原新村段和八角庙段。其中,深溪沟段和八角庙段同震垂直位错较大,达.5～6m;庙坝段同震垂直位移量普遍较低,1～2m或更低;  在高原新村附近,地表破裂带分为近平行的南北两支,北支以右旋走滑为主,南支以南东盘逆冲抬升为主,这与与映秀-北川同震破裂总体北西盘抬升的性质相反。本文对高原新村附近的反向陡坎进行了深入的探讨,并综合前人的研究结果,认为是破裂在从深部往上扩展的过程中,在浅表部位顺着发育在虹口东南部的大鱼洞-龙溪飞来峰后缘的具南东倾向的断面继承而成。与北川沙坝附近的反向陡坎一样,说明老断裂带构造几何特征对单次地震破裂的扩展有牵引作用。最后,讨论了八角庙有切割关系的两组断层擦痕的地震学和地质学意义,指出可能指示了映秀-北川断裂面上局部区段震前的初始应力水平较低。  相似文献   

甘肃河西走廊早期冶炼活动及影响的炭屑化石记录   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

孙楠  李小强  周新郢  赵克良  杨青 《第四纪研究》2010,30(2):319-325

炭屑化石的显微结构研究是根据木材的解剖特征（组成木材的细胞与组织的形态和排列方式）确定燃烧植物的类型,重建古植被和古环境,探讨人类活动对环境的影响。火石梁和缸缸洼青铜冶炼点位于河西走廊西北部、黑河流域下游巴丹吉林南缘沙地中,散布了大量的炭屑化石遗存。通过炭屑化石3个切面（横切面、径切面和弦切面）显微结构特征研究,比对现代切片标本和木材解剖图版,识别和确定炭屑化石的木材种属,确定 2100～1860BC期间的青铜冶炼所用木材为柽柳、杨属、柳属、蓼科4种乔灌木植物,火石梁和缸缸洼地区大量乔、灌群落生长要比目前荒漠生态环境优越的多。先民的青铜冶炼活动导致乔木和灌木植物被大量砍伐,植被盖度急剧降低,对生态环境产生重大影响,是1900BC左右杨属、柳属和蓼科乔灌木植物基本消失的主要原因。  相似文献   

硅藻提纯方法新进展:小个体硅藻纯化的实验技术          下载免费PDF全文

李东  汉景泰  孙会国  董明  富永红 《第四纪研究》2010,30(3)

硅藻壳体氧同位素是近年来发展起来的一种重要的古气候研究手段[1～3],硅藻的分离提纯是开展此项研究的重要一环.矿物杂质由于与硅藻壳体的氧同位素差异很大[1,4,5],对目前常用的硅藻氧同位素实验方法[1,4]获得的结果有显著影响.  相似文献   

永定河形成时代研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

蔡向民  郭高轩  栾英波  孙知明  梁亚南  姜龙群 《第四纪研究》2010,30(1):167-174

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通过对永定河冲洪积物的研究发现,永定河形成前后的沉积环境明显不同。钻探资料表明永定河形成前本地区沉积环境主要为湖泊相,当时湖水宁静,沉积物主要为泥岩和粉砂。永定河形成时洪水裹携大量碎屑形成巨厚的泥石流堆积,沉积环境为冲洪积相,主要为砂砾石、砂、粉砂和粘土互层,形成巨大的冲洪积扇。通过新5孔钻孔岩芯273块古地磁样品的系统剩磁测试,获得了该钻孔岩芯的古地磁极性序列,对比国际地磁极性年表,认为该钻孔岩芯剖面 0～96.59m以正极性带为主,对应布容正极性时,其地质时代为0～0.78Ma;  96.59～246.79m则以反极性带为主,对应松山反极性时,其地质时代为0.78～2.58Ma;  246.79～413.64m以正极性带为主,则对应高斯正极性时,其地质时代为2.58～3.58Ma,属于新近纪上新世。研究推测永定河最早的沉积物为上新世形成,距今3.33～3.58Ma。
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REE and Sr-Nd Isotope Geochemistry for Yixian Fluorite Deposit,Western Liaoning Province,China,and Its Geological Implications     

孙祥  邓军  杨立强  王庆飞  杨子荣  龚庆杰  王长明 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2010,(2)

Up to now,there were no systematic studies of geochemistry and isotopic age for the Yixian(义县) fluorite deposit,western Liaoning(辽宁) Province,China.Based on the analysis of metallogenic geological setting,we studied the REE,Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopes.The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of fluorite are characterized by moderate LREE depletion(LREE/HREE=0.95-3.57,(La/Yb)N=0.08-2.84) and enrichment of Sr(146×10-6-596×10-6) and moderately positive Eu anomalies(δEu=1.10-1.34),which are similar to those of the ho...  相似文献