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Soil freeze-thaw cycles have important effects on surface water and energy balance,and then affect vegetation growth,soil water content,carbon cycle and terrestrial ecosystem. Passive microwave plays an important role in monitoring global and regional surface freeze-thaw processes due to its high temporal resolution,abundant data and sensitivity to soil moisture. With the launch of passive microwave sensors at home and abroad,it provides conditions for the study of permafrost interannual variation,seasonal variation,diurnal variation and long time series of near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycle. In recent years,the study of surface freeze-thaw cycle using passive microwave data has gradually increased. Based on previous studies,this paper summarizes the types of passive microwave remote sensing data and the characteristics of the bands contained in them. Expounded the principle of passive microwave monitoring data used for freezing and thawing,focus on passive microwave data in five categories in the study of freezing and thawing monitoring algorithms,including double index algorithm,the decision tree algorithm,freeze-thaw discriminant algorithm,seasonal threshold algorithm and based on the freezing L-band relative factors discriminant algorithm threshold,and analysis of 5 kinds of algorithms are compared;The freeze-thaw products based on different algorithms and passive microwave data were combed. Finally,the problems and future research directions of passive microwave remote sensing in surface freeze-thaw applications are summarized. In the acquisition of passive microwave data,it is found that the passive microwave data is missing due to the physical characteristics of the sensor,the shape and orbit of the earth,and the low resolution of passive microwave data leads to the low precision of freeze-thaw discrimination. For the problem of missing passive microwave data,it is proposed to use the average value of passive microwave data before and after two days to fill the missing brightness temperature data,or establish statistical function to complement the missing data. For the problem of low passive microwave resolution,the current development trend is to scale down based on passive microwave data and combine with multiple data products,such as ground temperature and active microwave data,or perform probability discrimination on surface freezing-thawing state in pixels,so as to better describe surface freeze-thaw state. In terms of the algorithm for discriminating surface freezing-thawing,based on the problem that dual-index algorithm,decision tree algorithm,freezing-thawing discriminant algorithm and seasonal threshold algorithm cannot accurately distinguish snow and frozen soil,this paper proposes to adopt the method of data assimilation or start from the snow radiation and frozen soil dielectric model. Optimization of the algorithm for the snow covered surface can further improve the accuracy of freeze-thaw classification. Based on existing freeze-thaw products,Although SMAP freeze-thaw products continue to be updated,SAMP satellite was launched late,and SAMP freeze-thaw products have a short time series. In the future,the time span of this algorithm for freezing-thawing products can be extended by combining L-band data provided by SMOS satellite. The problems mentioned above and the direction of further research are of great significance for improving the accuracy of freezing and thawing discrimination and improving the understanding of the variation law of freezing and thawing cycles,and also have certain research space. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
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扩展多波长偏振测量的太阳—天空辐射计观测网 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
太阳辐射和大气气溶胶的地基遥感观测在气候变化、大气环境和对地观测等领域有重要意义。结合多波长偏振测量技术在气溶胶观测中的应用,本文介绍了在中国典型区域建立的太阳—天空辐射计观测网SONET(Sunsky radiometer Oberservation NETwork)。主要内容包括:(1)多波长偏振太阳—天空辐射计的参数、基本原理和功能,以及据此建立的中国区域太阳—天空辐射计观测网及其站点的基本情况;(2)太阳直射、太阳主平面和平纬圈几何条件下,太阳—天空辐射和偏振的观测模式及其测量参数;(3)针对气溶胶、水汽等大气成分观测发展的太阳直射辐射、天空光辐亮度、线偏振度等观测量的定标和数据处理方法,并给出在晴朗和灰霾等天气下的SONET观测结果示例;(4)基于在SONET典型站点连续的较长期遥感观测,初步建立了城市、乡村和灰霾情况下的整层大气气溶胶参数模型。在扩展多波长偏振测量的基础上,SONET还发展了自动观测、快速数据处理、定期标定和维护等观测网运行关键技术,可为典型大气气溶胶模型构建、卫星气溶胶产品反演和验证、大气环境遥感监测等应用提供支撑。 相似文献
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以山东济宁二号煤矿地下开采的覆岩变形为例,采用三维地震技术手段,在数据振幅保真处理的基础上,通过地震属性分析方法对由于地下采矿活动导致的离层发育情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:综合运用三维地震常规解释和三维地震振幅斜度属性分析技术,可以初步揭示覆岩离层的形态:在三维地震常规解释中,对于新采空区产生的覆岩离层,砂泥岩的强波阻抗反射特征将遭到破坏,而老采空区会因覆岩离层的闭合仍具有强反射特征;在地震振幅斜度属性与频率属性解释中,覆岩离层将导致地震波形、频率存在严重的畸变区域,即使与新采空区相邻的老采空区,其覆岩离层也会有明显的反应。通过类比分析,推断该区的覆岩离层范围为工作面后方50~80m,延伸距离160~180m,离层发育的最大尺度1m左右,两个注浆孔证实了此次三维地震推测的离层发育区范围及岩移的准确性。 相似文献
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We obtained a complete set of H, Ca 8542 and He I 10830 spectra and slit-jaw H images of the C5.6 limb flare of 1 August 2003 using the Multi-channel Infrared Solar Spectrograph (MISS) at Purple Mountain Observatory. This flare was also observed by the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) and partially by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on SOHO. This flare underwent a rapid rising and expanding episode in the impulsive phase. All the H, Ca 8542 and He I 10830 profiles of the flare are rather wide and the widest profiles were observed in the middle bright part of the flare instead of at the flare loop top near the flare maximum. The flare manifested obvious rotation in the flare loop and the decrease of the rotation angular speed with time at the loop-top may imply a de-twisting process of the magnetic field. The significant increases of the Doppler widths of these lines in the impulsive phase reflect quick heating of the chromosphere, and rapid rising and expanding of the flare loop. The RHESSI observations give a thermal energy spectrum for this flare, and two thermal sources and no non-thermal source are found in the reconstructed RHESSI images. This presumably indicates that the energy transfer in this flare is mainly by heat conduction. The stronger thermal source is located near the solar limb with its position unchanged in the flare process and spatially coincident with the intense EUV and H emissions. The weaker one moved during the flare process and is located in the H dark cavities. This flare may support the theory of the magnetic reconnections in the lower solar atmosphere. 相似文献
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由于高分辨率遥感应用需求增加的牵引,国内外发射了越来越多的光学遥感卫星载荷.然而,随着传感器分辨率的增加,大气对地表信息干扰的问题也越来越突出,光学遥感图像的大气校正问题,因载荷特点和应用需求的改变面临着一些新的挑战,有必要对其进行总结和分析.本文在介绍大气校正现状和原理的基础上,按照光学遥感卫星大气校正输入信息来源不同,把大气校正方法归纳为基于图像和图形处理方法、基于辐射传输计算、基于图像自身信息反演大气参数、基于大气同步校正仪的大气校正4类进行介绍.最后,结合我国高分辨率光学卫星的发展方向,对当前的大气校正应用方案和未来发展进行了讨论和展望. 相似文献