2003年淮河流域大洪水的雨情、水情特征分析   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

毕宝贵矫梅燕  廖要明徐晶 《应用气象学报》2004,15(6):681-687

利用地面加密资料，分析了2003年淮河流域6~7月降水的时空分布和气候统计特征以及降水雨情、水情特征，并与历史同期进行了比较。结果表明:2003年淮河流域梅雨期经历了7次强降水过程，降水总量和洪水流量都超过1991年同期，但低于1954年梅雨期；2003年淮河流域降水的突出特点是:雨带稳定、暴雨集中和突发性强；水情特点是:洪峰逐次递减；造成淮河流域全线超警戒水位的重要原因是:2003年春季降水偏多、7月份副热带高压位置偏南以及淮河中游下段河床剖面倒比降。  相似文献   

多普勒雷达资料4DVAR同化反演的模拟研究   总被引：21，自引：5，他引：21  

许小永  郑国光  刘黎平 《气象学报》2004,62(4):410-422

利用Sun等建立的同化模式和四维变分同化方法对多普勒雷达资料反演大气风场、热力场和微物理场进行了模拟试验研究.反演的基本思路是将4DVAR同化方法应用到三维云模式,定义价值函数表征雷达资料与模式预报结果之间的差别,通过极小化价值函数得到反演场,价值函数相对模式控制变量的梯度由伴随模式求取.试验结果表明,4DVAR同化技术能够从单(双)多普勒雷达资料反演大气三维风场、热力场和微物理场.各个变量反演精度高低与同化过程中变量受约束的大小程度呈正相关.速度场和雨水场反演精度较高,温度场、云水和水汽的反演精度次之,温度场的准确反演需要较长的同化时间.价值函数中加入背景场,哪怕是单点探空给出的平均场信息也有利于提高反演精度.在采用单部多普勒雷达资料进行反演时,速度场的反演误差较大.反演区相对雷达站的位置变化对速度场反演结果有一定的影响,而对其他变量的反演影响很小.两个时次的雷达观测资料基本足够提供反演所需的时间演变信息,同化更多时次的雷达资料,反演效果改进很小.雷达观测资料的缺值会显著降低同化效果,甚至可能导致同化失败,引入背景场可以改善这一状况.4DVAR同化技术对于雷达观测资料误差不太敏感.利用双多普勒雷达合成风场提供水平风场边界条件是比较准确可靠的.在反演主体离边界较远时,VAD风场也基本可用作水平风场边界条件.微物理场的反演对模式中的微物理参数化方案较敏感.  相似文献   

BECAPEX科学试验城市建筑群落边界层大气环境特征及其影响   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

徐祥德  丁国安  卞林根  谢立安 《气象学报》2004,62(5):663-671

20 0 1～ 2 0 0 3年在北京实施了大气边界层动力、热力、化学综合观测试验 (BECAPEX ,BeijingCityAtmosphericPollutionObservationFieldExperiment) ,获取了北京城市大气动力和大气化学三维结构图像。综合观测试验分析研究发现 ,城市区域呈非均匀次生尺度热岛分布 ,并伴随着城市次生尺度环流 ,影响了局地空气污染物分布特征。MODIS卫星遥感 地面观测资料经过变分分析 ,可发现北京城市空气污染与周边区域影响源有密切关系 ,并影响城市群落环境气候特征 ,导致该区域日照、雾日、低云量和能见度呈显著年代际变化趋势。  相似文献   

2003年淮河流域大水期间体积降水量的研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

姚学祥  徐晶 《气象学报》2004,62(6):803-813

针对 2 0 0 3年梅雨期淮河流域大水提出了体积降水量的概念及其计算方法 ,在计算出淮河流域和其各子流域逐日和总体积降水量的基础上 ,将体积降水量与水文站的水位和流量进行了对比分析。结果表明 :水位对累计体积降水量有较好的即时响应 ,流量对体积降水量有较好的延迟响应。另外 ,讨论了流域体积降水量的预报问题 ,用国内外数值天气预报产品和中央气象台指导预报产品 ,进行了流域体积降水量预报试验 ,并对预报结果进行了检验分析。结果表明 :在目前天气预报水平条件下 ,利用数值天气预报和中央气象台业务预报产品制作体积降水量是可行的 ,能够延长洪水预报的预见期 ;而且 ,数值天气预报产品在预报体积降水量方面有明显的优势 ,因此可以直接利用数值天气预报产品进行体积降水量的客观预报 ,为防汛工作提供重要的依据。  相似文献   

临汾"8.26"区域性大暴雨过程分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张临平  王智娟  史海平  戴有学  孙悦 《山西气象》2004,(4):5-6,10

利用micaps业务平台常规资料、数值预报产品、卫星云图，对临汾市2003年8月26日区域性暴雨和大暴雨的环流背景、影响系统、热带低压登陆副热带高压东退以及物理量条件进行了诊断分析，探讨了副热带高压进退及台风登陆位置在这次大暴雨过程中起到了非常重要的作用。分析结果在暴雨预报业务及暴雨研究中有一定的指示意义。  相似文献   

Physicochemistry and Mineralogy of Storm Dust and Dust Sediment in Northern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LIU Wei  FENG Qi  WANG Tao  ZHANG Yanwu  SHI Jianhua 《大气科学进展》2004,21(5):775-783

Dust sediments collected from 1995 to 1998 in Beijing, Dunhuang, Inner Mongolia, Kashi, the Kunlun Mountains, Lanzhou, Ningxia, the Taklimakan Desert, and Xi‘an, China, were characterized in terms of their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Most aerosols and dust analysed ranged in texture from silty clay to clay loam. Their median particle diameters (Mds) generally ranged between 5 to 63μm,coinciding with those of loess from central China and the finest sand from northwestern China. The dust sediments were characterized by a predominance of SiO2 and Al2O3, followed by K2O. Their SiO2/Al2O3and K2O/SiO2 molar ratios ranged from 5.17 to 8.43 and from 0.009 to 0.0368, respectively. The mass concentration spectrum during a dust storm showed a single peak, rather than the triple peak generally observed under clear sky conditions. The dominant minerals were chlorite, illite, calcite, and dolomite.These physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties were consistent with those of aeolian soils and loess in western and central China. The results suggest that aerosols and fine-gained fractions of dust sediments collected in northern China are mainly composed of soil material transported from the arid and semiarid regions of China and Mongolia by prevailing winds. The rate of deposition and properties of dust falling on eastern China were strongly influenced by meteorological conditions, season, latitude, longitude, and altitude of the sampling sites.  相似文献   

Case study of soil moisture effect on land surface temperature retrieval     

Donglian Sun Pinker  R.T. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2004,1(2):127-130

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important element of the climate system. Remote sensing methods for estimating LST have been developed in the past and several of them have been implemented at large-scales. Geostationary satellites are of particular interest because they depict the diurnal cycle. Soil moisture has a strong effect on the magnitude of surface temperature via its influence on emissivity; yet, information on soil moisture at large scales is meager. It is of interest to estimate what effect soil moisture has on the retrieval accuracy of surface temperature by methods of remote sensing. In this study, newly developed algorithms to estimate land surface temperature (LST) from geostationary satellites will be applied to GOES-8 observations during the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment (SGP-97) when surface observations of both soil moisture and surface temperature were made. The ground observations were used to first demonstrate the influence of soil moisture on the diurnal cycle of the surface temperature, its amplitude and the lag in LST maxima. Subsequently, it was established that errors in LST as derived from GOES-8 measurements have a negative correlation with soil moisture, namely, increasing with the decrease of soil moisture.  相似文献   

Land cover dynamics in Garhwal Himalayas — a case study of balkhila sub-watershed   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

P. K. Joshi  Sushma Gairola 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2004,32(2):199-208

The present paper focuses on land cover dynamics pattern in Balkhila sub-watershed situated in Garhwal Himalayas. This study contributes example from human shaped ecosystem in mountainous regions where fragmentation of natural resources is active. The remote sensing and GIS has been used to understand the land cover dynamics along the topography. The results report that the land cover dynamics is dependent on the aspect due to sun illumination. The altitude and slope are no more a barrier for resource extraction and the human activity zone is shifting towards higher altitudes and slopes. The changes are also defined along the road and settlements.  相似文献   

An automated seamless mosaicing system of multi-charge coupled devices of panchromatic data     

R. Ramakrishnan  S. Manthira Moorthi  N. Padmanabhan  P. Gupta 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2004,32(1):103-111

Panchromatic data of pixel resolution 5.8 m obtained from IRS-1C and IRS-1D satellites proved to be very useful for mapping purposes. One of the popular data product is the 70 km swath mosaic which is covered by a combination of 3 CCD line sensors, each with 4096 pixels. Each CCD-line sensor with different imaging times causes geometric problems of mosaicing three strips data together. In this paper, we propose the details of the design elements of system that caters to the need for accurate and automatic multi strip image registration without any second resampling of the data. The systematic geometric correction grid mapping is improved to facilitate accurate mosaicing by automatic image registration task that makes use of the overlap data within image strips and image registration is achieved up to sub-pixel level.  相似文献   

鹤壁市雷暴短时监测和临近预报流程   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王军  赵伟华  周官辉  杜滨鹤  秦成福  石俊峰  孙日丁 《气象》2004,30(5):47-51

利用卫星云图数字化资料、雷达探测和雷电定位探测资料对雷暴天气进行短时监测 ,并与多种短期预报方法集成 ,建立时效为 3～ 6小时的雷暴临近预报流程 ,从而达到预测强对流天气之目的。  相似文献