褐藻酸降解菌侵染海带过程中活性氧及抗氧化系统的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄健  唐学玺  刘涛  李永祺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(4):574-578

本文以褐藻酸降解菌为病原体研究褐藻酸降解菌侵染海带的小孢子体不同时期体内的活性氧——超氧负离子自由基 (O-·2 )、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APX)和抗坏血酸 (ASA)等的变化。实验结果表明 :海带活性氧 (O-·2 )含量在褐藻酸降解菌感染初期表现为升高 ,随后表现为下降。并且 ,随着褐藻酸降解菌侵染浓度的升高 ,活性氧 (O-·2 )含量呈现上升趋势 ,推测活性氧 (O-·2 )是海带抗褐藻酸降解菌感染的有效防御手段之一。SOD,CAT,ASA在感染的初期起着积极的抵抗褐藻酸降解菌感染的作用 ;APX在褐藻酸降解菌感染的前期没有发挥其抗感染的作用 ,而是在后期显示出了一定的抗感染作用。此结果可为海带病害的机理及幼苗集约化培养过程中病害的防治提供科学的依据。  相似文献   

The effects of enriched CO₂ and enhanced UV-B radiation on ultra-structure of Dunaliella salina, singly and in combination     

YU Juan  XIAO Hui  TIAN Jiyuan  ZHANG Peiyu  DONG Shuanglin  TANG Xuexi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(1):137-146

The effects of ambient CO2/ambient UV-B, enriched CO2/ambient UV-B, ambient CO2/enhanced UV-B, and enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B on the ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina were investigated. （1） The ultrastructure of D..salina cell in the control experiment showed that the arrangement of thylakoid lamellae was regular, and there were many large starch grains among the thylakoid lamellae. A prominent well-developed pyrenoid was found in the middle of the chloroplast. Nucleus envelope and nucleolus were clearly observed. The Golgi apparatus accompanied by numerous vesicles with a compact arrangement of cisternae and the peripheral tips of the cisternae were swollen to a size comparable to that of some of the associated vesicles. （2） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enriched CO2 showed that the arrangement of thylakoid was regular and the lamellae were vivid. Developed pyrenoids were found in the low-CO2-grown cells, but not in the high-CO2-grown cells. The mitochondria cristae were vivid. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was compact. （3） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enhanced UV-B showed that the thylakoid was dissolved and the cells had a less developed pyrenoid or no detectable pyrenoid. Part of the nucleus envelope was dissolved. The number ofmitochondria was increased and some mitochondria cristae were disintegrated. The starch grains were broken apart into many small starch grains. The Golgi apparatus with a loose arrangement ofcistemae and the peripheral tips of the Golgi cistemae were not especially swollen, with several large associated vesicles. （4） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in the enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B showed that part of the thylakoid and nucleus envelopes of some cells were dissolved. The pyrenoid was larger than that of the enhanced UV-B. There were many mitochondria between stroma and chloroplast membrane, but mitochondria cristae were partly dissolved. Many small starch grains were accumulated in cells. The starch sheath was broken into several discontinuous starch grains with different sizes. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was loose. Above all, although the enriched CO2 can alleviate the damage induced by the UV-B radiation, the effects of experimental UV-B radiation were larger than the effects of actual UV-B radiation, the damage induced by the UV-B radiation was so severe, therefore, CO2 enrichment could not restore the ultrastructure to the control level.  相似文献   

Effect of UV-B radiation on the feeding behavior of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

FENG Lei  LI Xin  WANG Jinhe  HAN Honglei  TANG Xuexi  CHEN Xiguang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(4):82-92

Effect of UV-B radiation on the feeding behaviour of marine zooplankton is important to assessing the health harm of marine ecosystem due to the gradually enhanced UV-B radiation in air. However, there are a few studies on this topic. The feeding behavior of the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, under the treatment of UV-B radiation on five species of microalgae, i.e., Chlorella sp., Tetraselmis chuii, Isochrysis galbana Park 8701, Chaetoceros muelleri Lermumerman, and Nitzschia clostertum, was studied. The results showed that the filtering and feeding rates of the rotifer decreased significantly with the dose increase of UV-B radiation when fed with five species of microalgae respectively (P<0.05) which indicates UV-B radiation inhibits the feeding activities of the rotifer on microalage. The mixed culture experiments shows the rotifer preferred to feed Chlorella sp., then C. muelleri,I. galbana, N. clostertum and T. chuii in turn if without UV-B radiation. Under the highest dose of UV-B radiation treatment (2.70 kJ/m2), the rotifer preferred to feed C. muelleri, then Chlorella sp., N. clostertum, I. galbana and T. chuii in turn. Chlorella sp., I. galbana and C. muelleri became the more favorite foods of the rotifer while T. chuii and N. clostertum became less favorite foods. The change of feeding rate and feeding selectivity of zooplankton driven by the enhanced UV-B radiation will lead to the change in the structure of phytoplankton community.  相似文献   

多环芳烃对2种海洋微藻的联合毒性效应研究     

黄健  韩德婷  唐学玺  李永祺 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(1):71-74

本文以青岛大扁藻 (Platymonassubcordiformis) ,球等鞭金藻 870 1 (Isochrysis galbana870 1 )为试验材料 ,采用水生毒理联合效应指数法 ,比较了 3种多环芳烃 ,蒽 (anthracene) ,并 [a]芘 (benzo[a] pyrene)及 1 ,2 -苯并蒽 (1 ,2 - benzonthracene)单剂和混剂对青岛大扁藻和球等鞭金藻 870 1的急性毒性和联合毒性。实验结果表明 :对青岛大扁藻 ,胁迫 72 h,蒽与苯并 [a]芘的联合及苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为协同作用 ,蒽与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合及蒽 ,苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为拮抗作用。对球等鞭金藻 870 1胁迫 72 h,苯并 [a]芘与 1 ,2 -苯并蒽的联合为协同作用 ,其它联合均为拮抗作用。  相似文献   

鱼耳石碳氧同位素在黄、渤海小黄鱼种群识别中的应用     

王玉堃  黄建生  唐学玺  金显仕  孙耀 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(6):29-33

Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios(δ~(18)O and δ~(13)C) in otoliths were used to identify the stock structure of small yellow croaker,Larimichthys polyactis.Otoliths were collected from fish at five locations across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea representing most of their distributional range and fisheries areas.The significant differences in the isotopic signatures showed that the five locations could be chemically distinguished and clearly separated,indicating stock subdivision.Correlation of δ~(18)O and δ~(13)C values suggested that population of L.polyactis could be divided into the Bohai Sea group,the southern Yellow Sea group and the central Yellow Sea group.Discriminant analysis of δ~(18)O and δ~(13)C values demonstrated a high significant difference with 85.7% classification accuracy.The spatial separation of L.polyactis indicated a complex stock structure across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.These results indicate that optimal fisheries management may require a comprehensive consideration on the current spatial arrangements.This study has provided further evidence that measurement of the stable isotopes ratios in otolith can be a valuable tool in the delineation of fishery management units.  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of a DnaJ gene from red alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pyropia yezoensis</Emphasis> (Bangiales,Rhodophyta)     

刘娇  李先超  唐学玺  周斌 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(2):405-411

Members of the DnaJ family are proteins that play a pivotal role in various cellular processes, such as protein folding, protein transport and cellular responses to stress. In the present study, we identified and characterized the full-length DnaJ cDNA sequence from expressed sequence tags of Pyropia yezoensis (PyDnaJ) via rapid identification of cDNA ends. This cDNA encoded a protein of 429 amino acids, which shared high sequence similarity with other identified DnaJ proteins, such as a heat shock protein 40/DnaJ from Pyropia haitanensis. The relative mRNA expression level of PyDnaJ was investigated using real-time PCR to determine its specific expression during the algal life cycle and during desiccation. The relative mRNA expression level in sporophytes was higher than that in gametophytes and significantly increased during the whole desiccation process. These results indicate that PyDnaJ is an authentic member of the DnaJ family in plants and red algae and might play a pivotal role in mitigating damage to P. yezoensis during desiccation.  相似文献   

Interspecific competition and allelopathic interaction between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Karenia mikimotoi</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dunaliella salina</Emphasis> in laboratory culture     

何冬  刘娇  郝锵  冉莉华  周斌  唐学玺 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(2):301-313

Algal allelopathy is a manifold ecological/physiological phenomenon that is focused on chemical interactions and autotoxicity. We investigated the allelopathic interactions between Karenia mikimotoi and Dunaliella salina in laboratory cultures based on diff erent temperature (15°C, 20°C, and 25°C) and lighting (40, 80, and 160 μmol/(m²·s)) conditions. The growth of D. salina in bi-algae culture (1:1 size/density) was significantly restrained. The results of cell-free filtrate culture indicate that direct cell-tocell contact was not necessary in interspecific competition. Further experimental results demonstrated that allelochemicals released from K. mikimotoi were markedly influenced by both temperature (P =0.013) and irradiance (P =0.003), resulting in diff erent growth characteristics of D. salina in filtrate mediums. Compared with the plateau period, K. mikimotoi exudates in the exponential phase had a stronger short-term inhibition effect on D. salina in normal conditions. A clear concentration-dependent relationship was observed in the effect of allelochemicals released from K. mikimotoi with low-promoting and high-repressing effects on D. Salina in a short time-scale. In addition, allelopathic substances remain stable and effective under high temperature and pressure stress. Many flocculent sediments adhering with D. salina cells were observed in all filtrate mediums, while the quantity and color depended on the original culture conditions.  相似文献   

小麦耐盐细胞系的筛选及其抗氧化能力分析     

唐学玺  杨震  刘成圣 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(1):63-66

通过逐级提高氯化钠浓度的筛选方法获得了小麦耐盐细胞系。与对照细胞系相比 ,耐盐细胞系在盐分胁迫下能维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性 ,同时具有较强的脂溶性抗氧化能力。说明在细胞水平上小麦对盐分耐受力的高低与其抗氧化能力的强弱密切相关。  相似文献   

Interaction between Chlorella vulgaris and bacteria：interference and resource competition     

QU Liang  WANG Renjun  ZHAO Peng  CHEN Ruinan  ZHOUWenli  TANG Liuqing  TANG Xuexi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(1):135-140

Research of interaction mechanism between Chlorella vulgaris and two bacterial strains(Z-QD08 and Z-QS01)were conducted under laboratory conditions.Growth rates of bacteria and C.vulgaris were tested under co-culture conditions to evaluate the effects of concentrations of C.vulgaris and bacteria on their interactions.To test whether the availability of inorganic nutrients,vitamins and trace metals affects the interactions between C.vulgaris and bacteria,experiments were performed with or without the culture medium filtrate of C.vulgaris or bacteria.The results showed that the growth of C.vulgaris was promoted at low concentrations of bacteria(5×106cells/ml),and expressed a positive correlation with the bacteria density,whereas opposite trend was observed for treatments with high bacteria density(10×106cells/ml and 20×106cells/ml).The growth rate of bacteria decreased with the increasing concentrations of C.vulgaris.The growth of bacteria Z-QD08 was inhibited by C.vulgaris through interference competition,while the mechanism for interaction between bacteria Z-QS01 and C.vulgaris was resource competition.The influence of cell density on the interaction between microalgae and bacteria was also discussed.These experiments confirm some elements of published theory on interactions between heterotrophic bacteria and microalgae and suggest that heterotrophic bacteria play an important role in the development of blooms in natural waters.  相似文献   

Salicylic acid and heat acclimation pretreatment protects Laminaria japonica sporophyte (Phaeophyceae) from heat stress     

周斌  唐学玺  王悠 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(4):924-932

Possible mediatory roles of heat acclimation and salicylic acid in protecting the sporophyte of marine macroalga Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae) from heat stress were studied. Heat stress resulted in oxidative injury in the kelp blades. Under heat stress significant accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malonaldehyde (MDA), a membrane lipid peroxidation product, and a drastic decrease in chlorophyll a content were recorded. Activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system was drastically affected by heat stress. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased while peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were greatly inhibited and, simultaneously, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was activated while polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was inhibited. Both heat acclimation pretreatment and exogenous application of salicylic acid alleviated oxidative damage in kelp blades. Blades receiving heat acclimation pretreatment and exogenous salicylic acid prior to heat stress exhibited a reduced increase in H₂O₂ and MDA content, and a lower reduction in chlorophyll a content. Pretreatment with heat acclimation and salicylic acid elevated activities of SOD, POD, CAT, GPX and PPO. Considering these results collectively, we speculate that the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes is a possible cause of the heat-stress-induced oxidative stress in L. japonica, and enhanced thermotolerance may be associated, at least in part, with the elevated activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system.  相似文献