巴基斯坦西俾路支省Chagai地区Saindak斑岩铜金矿床高锶低钇中酸性岩地球化学     

Abdul Shakoor MASTOI  DENG Jianghong  YANG Xiaoyong 《地质论评》2016,62(S1):157-158

The Chagai arc is located in southwest of Pakistan and extends into Iran and Afghanistan (Fig.1A). The border between eastern Iran and western Pakistan roughly coincides with the transition from the collisional Zagros orogenic belt in the west to the Makran accretionary complex and Chagai magmatic arc in the east Siddiqui (2004). The Baluchistan (or Makran) magmatic arc, is an east-west trending, ~500 km long and up to 140 km wide belt of calc-alkaline plutonic, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks, which is part of the continental-scale Tethyan belt that spans eastern Europe and Asia. Activity along the arc began in the Late Cretaceous and continued through into the Quaternary.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the solar photo-Fenton process to treat the petroleum wastewater by response surface methodology (RSM)     

Dheeaa al deen Atallah Aljuboury  Puganeshwary Palaniandy  Hamidi Bin Abdul Aziz  Shaik Feroz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(4):333

  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal analysis of temperature variability,trend, and magnitude in the Hindu Kush region using Monte Carlo and Sen’s slope approaches     

Muhammad Dawood  Atta-ur Rahman  Sami Ullah  Ghani Rahman  Kamran Azam 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(16):471

The present study explores the spatial and temporal deviations in temperature using Monte Carlo (MC) and Sen’s slope (SS) approaches in the Hindu Kush (HK) region. Climate change holds sturdy association against the temperature trend that has generated adverse impacts in the form of floods. In this attempt, for trend analysis, temperature has been selected as a meteorological parameter. This study mainly focuses on exploring the tendency in average temperature with respect to time and the consequential flood recurrences in the region. For the current study, data regarding temperature were typically collected from Pakistan Meteorological Department. In the study region, there are a total of seven meteorological station falls namely Dir, Chitral, Drosh, Saidu, Malam Jabba, Kalam, and Timergara. The temperature time series data was calculated and analyzed using MC and SS approaches for trend detection in order to demonstrate the kind of fluctuation in the Hindu Kush region. The resultant analysis further revealed that in the meteorological station of Dir, a more significant positive trend (α?=?0.0001) was found in mean monthly maximum, minimum, and monthly normal temperature. Likewise, at Drosh, a positive trend is detected in mean monthly maximum (α?=?0.04), monthly minimum (α?=?0.003), and monthly average (α?=?0.0005). Moreover, at Saidu met station, there is also a trend detected in temperature sub-variables such as monthly maximum (α?=?0.0001) and monthly minimum (α?=?0.001). In addition to these, at Kalam, there is a temperature trend noted for monthly minimum (α?=?0.01) and monthly average (α?=?0.02). Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that there is no trend detected in the remaining stations, i.e., Chitral, Malam Jabba, Drosh, and Timergara. The overall analysis discovered that there is a sturdy relationship between climate change phenomenon and temperature variability. After using SS test to the temperature data of mean monthly maximum (TMMMax), the results explored that Kalam station grips the highest magnitude, i.e., Q?=?0.76; however, Timergara shows the lowermost, i.e., Q?=???0.34. For the monthly minimum temperature (TMMMin), at Kalam again, the highest value (Q?=?0.005) was detected; however, other stations revealed a negative trend, except Drosh which express no change in terms of magnitude. Similarly, in terms of monthly normal temperature (TMNor), Timergara station (Q?=???0.4) verified a negative trend magnitude and Malam Jabba station again trendless. Among all, the met station of Malam Jabba which holds an altitude of 2591 m is a hilly station just followed by Kalam having 2103 m height; however, Dir holds 1375 m height and the rest of the met stations show low elevation. The main reason for the temperature difference is the altitude of the study region.  相似文献   

Analytical solution of polymer slug injection with viscous fingering     

S. A. Abdul Hamid  A. H. Muggeridge 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(3):711-723

We present an analytical solution to estimate the minimum polymer slug size needed to ensure that viscous fingering of chase water does not cause its breakdown during secondary oil recovery. Polymer flooding is typically used to improve oil recovery from more viscous oil reservoirs. The polymer is injected as a slug followed by chase water to reduce costs; however, the water is less viscous than the oil. This can result in miscible viscous fingering of the water into the polymer, breaking down the slug and reducing recovery. The solution assumes that the average effect of fingering can be represented by the empirical Todd and Longstaff model. The analytical calculation of minimum slug size is compared against numerical solutions using the Todd and Longstaff model as well as high resolution first contact miscible simulation of the fingering. The ability to rapidly determine the minimum polymer slug size is potentially very useful during enhanced oil recovery (EOR) screening studies.  相似文献   

Updated Inventory of Glacial Lakes in Teesta Basin Using Remote Sensing Data for Use in GLOF Risk Assessment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Abdul Hakeem  S. Abirami  V. V. Rao  P. G. Diwakar  V. K. Dadhwal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(3):463-470

Detailed inventory of glacial lakes in a Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) prone area is vital for disaster mitigation. Availability of cheaper high resolution satellite data from Indian remote sensing satellites enables us to create up-to-date inventory for use in prioritisation of glacial lakes for GLOF risk assessment. Earlier inventories show presence of more glacial lakes in Brahmaputra basin in Indian Himalaya. Teesta River is one of the tributary of Brahmaputra and previous studies have shown that the inventory of glacial lakes in Teesta basin varies from 143 to 320. In the present study, the inventory carried out using satellite data of years 2000, 2007 and 2014 show presence of 301 (25.789 km²), 302 (26.081 km²) and 644 (29.706 km²) glacial lakes in Teesta basin respectively. The steep increase in number of lakes in the latest inventory is primarily due to the finer spatial resolution of satellite data used. Analysis of water spread area of glacial lakes at different altitudes shows that most of the lakes in the higher altitudes are small in size. It is observed that more than 66% of lakes are in the altitude beyond 4500 m and of size less than 50,000 sqm (5 ha). Out of 301 glacial lakes inventoried during 2000, water spread area of 6 lakes have decreased in 2014 and 31 lakes have shown increase in area. Out of these 31 lakes, 17 lakes are classified as end moraine dammed lakes and among them, 14 are located in Upper Teesta sub-basin and in higher altitudes (beyond 5000 m). The prioritisation of these lakes for GLOF risk needs to be carried out with detailed field investigation.  相似文献   

Surface energy partitioning and evapotranspiration over a double‐cropping paddy field in Bangladesh     

Md. Shahadat Hossen  Masayoshi Mano  Akira Miyata  Md. Abdul Baten  Tetsuya Hiyama 《水文研究》2012,26(9):1311-1320

  相似文献   

Geotopes of mountain territories: Definitions, approaches to the study, protection     

V. Yu. Khalatov  S. N. Abdul’myanov 《Geography and Natural Resources》2013,34(1):14-19

Geographical places of interest of mountain territories are discussed. A comprehensive definition of the notion of “geotope” is provided, which takes into consideration its uniqueness, individuality and accessibility for study and popularization. A relevant classification of geotopes and approaches in studying them have been developed. Attention is drawn to the possibilities of protecting mountain geotopes, and to the need fro a popularization of geotopes in the geographical knowledge system. A case in point is provided by the record cards and the catalogue of geotopes as well as by websites with information bases of data on geographical attractions of mountain territories.  相似文献   

Impacts of future Indian greenhouse gas emission scenarios on projected climate change parameters deduced from MAGICC model     

Mukti Sharma  Chhemendra Sharma  Abdul Qaiyum 《Climatic change》2012,111(2):425-443

The MAGICC (Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse gas Induced Climate Change) model simulation has been carried out for the 2000–2100 period to investigate the impacts of future Indian greenhouse gas emission scenarios on the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide besides other parameters like radiative forcing and temperature. For this purpose, the default global GHG (Greenhouse Gases) inventory was modified by incorporation of Indian GHG emission inventories which have been developed using three different approaches namely (a) Business-As-Usual (BAU) approach, (b) Best Case Scenario (BCS) approach and (c) Economy approach (involving the country’s GDP). The model outputs obtained using these modified GHG inventories are compared with various default model scenarios such as A1B, A2, B1, B2 scenarios of AIM (Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) and P50 scenario (median of 35 scenarios given in MAGICC). The differences in the range of output values for the default case scenarios (i.e., using the GHG inventories built into the model) vis-à-vis modified approach which incorporated India-specific emission inventories for AIM and P50 are quite appreciable for most of the modeled parameters. A reduction of 7% and 9% in global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions has been observed respectively for the years 2050 and 2100. Global methane (CH₄) and global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions indicate a reduction of 13% and 15% respectively for 2100. Correspondingly, global concentrations of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O are estimated to reduce by about 4%, 4% and 1% respectively. Radiative forcing of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O indicate reductions of 6%, 14% and 4% respectively for the year 2100. Global annual mean temperature change (incorporating aerosol effects) gets reduced by 4% in 2100. Global annual mean temperature change reduces by 5% in 2100 when aerosol effects have been excluded. In addition to the above, the Indian contributions in global CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O emissions have also been assessed by India Excluded (IE) scenario. Indian contribution in global CO₂ emissions was observed in the range of 10%–26%, 6%–36% and 10%–38% respectively for BCS, Economy and BAU approaches, for the years 2020, 2050 and 2100 for P50, A1B-AIM, A2-AIM, B1-AIM & B2-AIM scenarios. CH₄ and N₂O emissions indicate about 4%–10% and 2%–3% contributions respectively in the global CH₄ and N₂O emissions for the years 2020, 2050 and 2100. These Indian GHG emissions have significant influence on global GHG concentrations and consequently on climate parameters like RF and ∆T. The study reflects not only the importance of Indian emissions in the global context but also underlines the need of incorporation of country specific GHG emissions in modeling to reduce uncertainties in simulation of climate change parameters.  相似文献   

Relative Sea Level Changes in Maldives and Vulnerability of Land Due to Abnormal Coastal Inundation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tariq Masood Ali Khan  Dewan Abdul Quadir  T. S. Murty  Anwarul Kabir  Fahmida Aktar  Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):133-143

Oceanic Islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans have extremely small land areas, usually less than 500 km2, with maximum height about 4 m above sea level. The Republic of Maldives is an independent island nation in the Indian Ocean south of Sri Lanka which stretches vertically in the Indian Ocean from 07° 06'N - 0° 42'S. The land area of this island country is about 300 km2, and none of Maldives' 1190 islands has an elevation more than 3 m above sea level. In fact the Maldives has the distinction of being the flattest country on earth, making it extremely vulnerable to the effects of global warming. Of the south Asian countries, the Maldives is the most vulnerable nation, facing severe consequences as a result of global warming and sea level rise (SLR). Because of their obvious vulnerability to SLR, the Government of Maldives is very much concerned about climate change. As global warming and the related SLR is an important integrated environmental issue, the need of the hour is to monitor and assess these changes. The present article deals mainly with the analysis of the tidal and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data observed at Male and Gan stations along the Maldives coast in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. The objective of the analysis is to study the trends of these parameters. Trend analysis is also performed on the corresponding air temperature data of both stations. The results show that Maldives coastal sea level is rising in the same way (rising trend) as the global sea level. The mean tidal level at Male has shown an increasing trend of about 4.1 mm/year.Similarly at Gan, near the equator,it has registered a positive trend of about 3.9 mm/year.Sea level variations are the manifestations of various changes that are taking place in the Ocean-Atmosphere system. Therefore, the variations in SST and air temperature are intimately linked to sea level rise. It is found that SST and air temperature have also registered an increasing trend at both stations. The evidence of rising trends suggest that careful future monitoring of these parameters is very much required. Tropical cyclones normally do not affect the Maldives coast. However, due to its isolated location, the long fetches in association with swells generated by storms, that originated in the far south have resulted in flooding. Thus the rising rate of sea level with high waves and flat topography have increased the risk of flooding and increased the rate of erosion and alteration of beaches.  相似文献   

Energy contents of some rotating spacetimes in teleparallel gravity     

M. Sharif  Abdul Jawad 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,331(1):321-329

  相似文献