Coupling between subtropical cloud feedback and the local hydrological cycle in a climate model   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Mark. J. Webb  Adrian P. Lock 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(7-8):1923-1939

In HadGEM2-A, AMIP experiments forced with observed sea surface temperatures respond to uniform and patterned +4 K SST perturbations with strong positive cloud feedbacks in the subtropical stratocumulus/trade cumulus transition regions. Over the subtropical Northeast Pacific at 137°W/26°N, the boundary layer cloud fraction reduces considerably in the AMIP +4 K patterned SST experiment. The near-surface wind speed and the air-sea temperature difference reduces, while the near-surface relative humidity increases. These changes limit the local increase in surface evaporation to just 3 W/m² or 0.6 %/K. Previous studies have suggested that increases in surface evaporation may be required to maintain maritime boundary layer cloud in a warmer climate. This suggests that the supply of water vapour from surface evaporation may not be increasing enough to maintain the low level cloud fraction in the warmer climate in HadGEM2-A. Sensitivity tests which force the surface evaporation to increase substantially in the +4 K patterned SST experiment result in smaller changes in boundary layer cloud and a weaker cloud feedback in HadGEM2-A, supporting this idea. Although global mean surface evaporation in climate models increases robustly with global temperature (and the resulting increase in atmospheric radiative cooling), local values may increase much less, having a significant impact on cloud feedback. These results suggest a coupling between cloud feedback and the hydrological cycle via changes in the patterns of surface evaporation. A better understanding of both the factors controlling local changes in surface evaporation and the sensitivity of clouds to such changes may be required to understand the reasons for inter-model differences in subtropical cloud feedback.  相似文献   

Carbonates in Vigarano: Terrestrial,preterrestrial, or both?     

Neyda M. ABREU  Adrian J. BREARLEY 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2005,40(4):609-625

Abstract— Studies of two separate stones of the CV3 chondrite Vigarano have revealed the presence of previously unreported occurrences of calcite. In the first stone, calcite occurs as thin veins in a type B CAI. In contrast, observations of the second stone, which was recovered one month after its fall, show three calcite occurrences: networks of veins, vesicle fillings in the fusion crust, and pseudomorphic replacement of augite associated with a porphyritic olivine chondrule. The most common occurrence is as veins ranging in thickness from <1 μm to 25 μm and extending for more than several hundred μm. Some veins crosscut the fusion crust and are connected to a carbonate coating on the exterior of the meteorite. Extensive minor element zoning occurs in carbonate masses, indicating variations in the fluid composition and/or redox potential during carbonate growth. Based on the textural evidence and a comparative study with carbonate veins in the CV3 chondrite Leoville, we conclude that the veins are terrestrial in origin. We propose a model for rapid carbonate formation in which calcite precipitation is driven by hydrolysis and oxidation in the meteorite interior that move the fluid composition to alkaline values. In addition, both stones also contain minor occurrences of carbonate that are not readily explained by terrestrial alteration. Minor carbonate in a type B CAI occurs in the first stone and calcite occurs as pseudomorphic replacement of augite in the second stone. Both of these occurrences appear to be preterrestrial, probably asteroidal in origin.  相似文献   

Detection of satellite remnants in the Galactic Halo with Gaia– I. The effect of the Galactic background, observational errors and sampling     

Anthony G. A. Brown  Hector M. Velázquez  Luis A. Aguilar 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,359(4):1287-1305

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The zero-point vibrational isotope shift and the diffuse interstellar band at 6196 Å     

Adrian Webster 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,349(1):263-269

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Evaluation of the multispecimen parallel differential pTRM method: a test on historical lavas from Iceland and Mexico     

Daniel M. Michalk  Adrian R. Muxworthy  Harald N. Böhnel  John Maclennan  Norbert Nowaczyk 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,173(2):409-420

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Capture of planetesimals by the giant planets     

Adrian Brunini  Profoeg Conicet 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,71(3):281-284

We investigate the possibility of gravitational capture of planetesimals as temporary or permanent satellites of Uranus and Neptune during the process of planetary growth. The capture mechanism is based in the enhancement of the Hill's sphere of action not only due to the mass acquired by the planet, but also by the variation of the planet-Sun distance as a consequence of the scattering of planetesimals by the planets of the outer solar system. Our calculations indicate that satellite capture was very important, specially during the first stages of the accretion process, contributing in a significant way to the planetary growth.  相似文献   

A proposed Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series： The Niquivil section, Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina     

Guillermo L. Albanesi Marcelo G. Carrera Fernando L. Canas Matthew Saltzman 《《幕》》2006,29(1):1-15

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Modelling rainfall/watertable relations using linear response functions     

Adrian C. Armstrong 《水文研究》1988,2(4):383-389

Linear system theory can be used to model and predict watertable responses to precipitation inputs in an artificially drained field. The response function is mathematically equivalent to the Unit Hydrograph concept familiar to hydrologists. This paper shows that it is possible to derive such response functions, and comments on the problems encountered in their derivation. Response functions for two contrasted sites are presented, and the possibilities for their use discussed.  相似文献   

Occurrence and possible significance of rare Ti oxides (Magnéli phases) in carbonaceous chondrite matrices     

Adrian J. Brearley 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1993,28(4):590-595

Abstract— Rare, ultrafine-grained Ti oxides (Ti₃O₅ and the Magnéli phases, Ti₅O₉ and Ti₈O₁₅) have been identified by transmission electron microscopy in the CM2 carbonaceous chondrite, Bells and a carbonaceous chondrite matrix clast from the Nilpena polymict ureilite. In both meteorites the Ti oxides occur in the matrix as isolated grains and clusters of two or more grains. They are euhedral in shape and have grain sizes of 0.05–0.3 μm. Magnéli phases have been recently shown to be a common component in some interplanetary dust particles, but this is the first reported occurrence in a meteorite. The morphological properties and grain size of the Ti oxides are consistent with formation by vapor phase condensation either within the solar nebula or possibly in a presolar environment.  相似文献   

Seismic stratigraphy, buried beach ridges and contourite drifts: the Late Quaternary history of the closed Lago Cardiel basin, Argentina (49°S)     

Adrian Gilli  Flavio S. Anselmetti  Daniel Ariztegui†  Milan Beres†  Judith A. McKenzie  Vera Markgraf‡ 《Sedimentology》2005,52(1):1-23

The results of a seismic stratigraphic analysis of a closed lake basin, Lago Cardiel, in southernmost South America are reported. Very few high-resolution, continental records spanning the Late Quaternary have been obtained from this region. Seismic sequence stratigraphic analysis allows a reconstruction of lake level variations. Two major hiatuses of unknown age occurred during the early evolution of the basin with the deposition of an alluvial fan in a restricted area in the intervening time period. Following the development of a relatively shallow lake during the late Pleistocene and a short desiccation pulse around 11 220 ¹⁴C yr BP, a transgression of over 135 m occurred at the beginning of the Holocene. The transgression was associated with the formation of beach ridges preserved in the lake stratigraphy on the floor of the modern Lago Cardiel at four different elevations. The preservation of largely unreworked beach ridges indicates a stepwise rise in the lake level. There is no seismic evidence of a major lowering of the lake below modern level during the entire Holocene. Deposition since the mid-Holocene is marked by strong lateral differences in sediment accumulation with a depocentre slightly to the north of the basin midpoint and a pronounced mounded distribution. Seismic reflection geometries, as well as sedimentological characteristics indicate a lacustrine contourite drift covering an area of 80–100 km². As Lago Cardiel is under the influence of westerly winds, these most likely drove lake circulation. The identification of drowned beach ridges and of contourite drifts illustrates that high-resolution seismic stratigraphy is not only a powerful tool in reconstructing past lake level elevations for closed lake basins, but it can also provide information about the rate of lake level changes and the presence and strength of lake currents.  相似文献