Spatial and seasonal variations of the macrobenthic community and metal contamination in the Douro estuary (Portugal)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mucha AP  Vasconcelos MT  Bordalo AA 《Marine environmental research》2005,60(5):531-550

The macrobenthic community structure and characteristics of sediments were studied in samples collected seasonally at five stations in the lower mesotidal Douro estuary, Portugal. Sediment characterisation included grain size distribution, total-recoverable metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd), acid-volatile sulphides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and total organic matter contents. Spatial variation surpassed temporal variation both in terms of environmental parameters and community structure. Clear anthropogenic contamination in terms of Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb, and a positive SEM-AVS, indicating the potential bioavailability of these metals, were detected on the north bank of the estuary. Multivariate analysis revealed that in addition to natural sediment characteristics, the anthropogenic metal contamination was influencing the macrobenthic community structure. In fact, greater concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb were associated with lower number of species and/or diversity. Finally, the dry weight-normalised metal concentrations appeared as a more useful tool than the SEM-AVS model in predicting disturbance of the macrobenthic community in the studied area.  相似文献   

Macrophyte production in a shallow coastal lagoon. Part I: Coupling with chemico-physical parameters and nutrient concentrations in waters     

Adriano Sfriso  Antonio Marcomini 《Marine environmental research》1997,44(4):351-375

Standing crop and production of macroalgae and seagrasses were recorded, together with the main physical and chemical parameters, including nutrient concentrations of the water column and 5-cm top sediment porewater, the grazing pressure and the settled paniculate matter (SPM) in two areas of the central (Lido station) and southern (Petta di Bò station) parts of the Venice lagoon. Then the whole set of data was analysed by multivariate analysis. The highest standing crops of Ulva (Lido station) and Zostera (Petta di Bò station) monitored throughout the year (February 1994–February 1995) were ~ 6.5 and ~ 11.0 kg fwt m⁻², accounting for an annual net production of ~ 20.4 and ~ 20.9 kg fwt m⁻², respectively. The estimated gross production of Zostera was, however, ca 35–55% lower than that of Ulva because of the higher decomposition rate and grazing pressure suffered by the markedly stratified and light-limited free-floating fronds of the macroalga. At the Lido station, the overall grazing pressure accounted for ca 65% of the net Ulva production, but it was found to exceed the total production in the July–August period. Ammonium and orthophosphate concentrations in the water column and sediment porewater were ca 2–3 times higher at the Ulva than at the Zostera station. Considering the N:P atomic ratios, nitrogen, during the quick spring-summer biomass increase, could be temporarily critical for the macrophytic growth, especially at the Lido station. The rates of sediment resuspension and settlement were ca six times higher at the Zostera than at the Ulva station, mainly because of higher sediment coverage by the large free-floating fronds of Ulva. For the contribution of individual variables explained by the principal component analysis, it is shown that the Ulva decomposition at the Lido station and the Zostera production at Petta di Bò were the major factors affecting the total variance.  相似文献   

Recenti progressi nella costruzione degli anemometri elettrici     

Prof. Dott. Ing. Adriano Albin 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1941,3(1):66-70

Riassunto Dopo aver brevemente delineato le rispettive possibilità di impiego degli anemometri meccanici ed elettrici, l'Autore descrive un nuovo tipo di anemometro elettrico da lui ideato e costruito che presenta due importanti innovazioni: precisa segnalazione della direzione del vento e lettura diretta delle caratteristiche del vento. Difatti, le direzioni che possono essere indicate sono praticamente illimitate pur usando un cavo di collegamento a solo quattro conduttori tra la parte esterna dell'anemometro e gli indicatori situati presso l'opratore.

---

Zusammenfassung Nach eine kurze Schilderung des Verwendungsmöglichkeiten der mechanischen und elektrischen windmesser, beschreibt der Verf. eine von ihm erdachten und konstruierten elektr. Anemometer, welcher die genaue Feststellung der Windrichtung sowie die direkte Ablesung der Eigentümlichkeiten der Windstärke gestattet.

  相似文献   

Abrasive notches along the Atlantic Patagonian coast and their potential use as sea level markers: the case of Puerto Deseado (Santa Cruz,Argentina)          下载免费PDF全文

M. Bini  I. Isola  M. Pappalardo  A. Ribolini  M. Favalli  L. Ragaini  G. Zanchetta 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(11):1550-1558

Patagonia Argentina is a key area for the study of sea level changes in the southern hemisphere, but the availability of reliable sea level markers in this area is still problematic. In fact the storm deposits (beach ridge) commonly used here to reconstruct past sea level oscillations introduce a wide error. Along the Puerto Deseado coast (Santa Cruz), morphometric analyses of 11 features were carried out using traditional measurement tools and a digital software‐based method (tested on one selected feature) with the aim to investigate the possibility of their use as sea level markers. By undertaking accurate topographic profiles we identified the relationship between notches and current sea level. In detail, we identified two clusters of notch retreat point elevations, with a very low internal variability. The lower was located a little below the mean high tide level (mHT) and the upper located at least 0.5 m above the maximum high tide level (MHT). Field observations of tidal levels and the position of notches suggest that the lower notches are active and the upper are inactive. This study on the abrasive notches attests their quality as sea level markers and opens up the use of fossil abrasive notches as palaeo sea level markers because the error linked to these features is substantially smaller than that introduced by beach ridges commonly used in the study area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Substrate influence and temporal changes on periphytic biomass accrual and metabolism in a tropical humic lagoon     

Rafael D. Guariento  Adriano Caliman  Francisco A. Esteves  Reinaldo L. Bozelli  Alex Enrich-Prast  Vinicius F. Farjalla   《Limnologica》2009,39(3):209-218

We performed a field experiment in a tropical humic coastal lagoon to evaluate periphyton biomass accrual and metabolism on three different substrates (1) plastic ribbons, (2) green and (3) senescent leaves of the emergent macrophyte Typha domingensis) over 30 days. The contribution of autotrophic biomass decreased as total biomass increased over the time. Mean periphytic ash free dry weight ranged from 0.8 to 5.6 mg cm⁻², but periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations presented shorter amplitudes, which oscillated from 0.12 to 0.44 μg cm⁻² throughout the experiment. Periphyton metabolism was overall heterotrophic on all substrates, especially on senescent leaves. Our data show that substrate type influenced both biomass accrual and periphyton net productivity and respiration rates throughout periphyton development and highlighted the dominance of heterotrophic metabolism. The periphyton respiration may be subsidized by both water- and substrate-derived allochthonous energy pathways, shedding light on the role of periphytic assemblages to the carbon cycling, as a source of CO₂ to the system.  相似文献   

An approximate nearest neighbors search algorithm for low-dimensional grid locations     

Adriano Petry  André Grahl Pereira  Jonas Rodrigues de Souza 《Earth Science Informatics》2017,10(2):183-196

We propose a new algorithm for the problem of approximate nearest neighbors (ANN) search in a regularly spaced low-dimensional grid for interpolation applications. It associates every sampled point to its nearest interpolation location, and then expands its influence to neighborhood locations in the grid, until the desired number of sampled points is achieved on every grid location. Our approach makes use of knowledge on the regular grid spacing to avoid measuring the distance between sampled points and grid locations. We compared our approach with four different state-of-the-art ANN algorithms in a large set of computational experiments. In general, our approach requires low computational effort, especially for cases with high density of sampled points, while the observed error is not significantly different. At the end, a case study is shown, where the ionosphere dynamics is predicted daily using samples from a mathematical model, which runs in parallel at 56 different longitude coordinates, providing sampled points not well distributed that follow Earth’s magnetic field-lines. Our approach overcomes the comparative algorithms when the ratio between the number of sampled points and grid locations is over 2849:1.  相似文献   

The slope aspect: A predisposing factor for landsliding?     

Marco Capitani  Adriano Ribolini  Monica Bini 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2013,345(11-12):427-438

The influence of slope aspect on the distribution of landslides was studied in the Milia and Roglio basins in Tuscany, Italy. For each basin, the new Tuscany region landslide inventory that was initiated in 2010 was used. The landslides were split into separate datasets based on their prevailing movement typology. To assess the results that were obtained from the different slope aspect values, maps of the lithology, slope angle, distances to streams, and distances to tectonic lineaments were included in the bivariate statistical analysis as comparison terms. For each basin, all of the geo-environmental factor maps were compared with the different landslide typologies with GIS software. Pearson's Chi² (χ²) coefficient was used to test the degree of spatial association between each predictor variable and landslide type. In addition, Cramer's V test was used to quantify the strength of the degree of association. Next, a conditional analysis was applied to all of the possible combinations that occurred between the slope aspect and other landslide-predisposing factors. Overall, the slope aspect significantly affected the distribution of superficial landslide types, but apparently not that of other landslide types.  相似文献   

Long-term relationships between climate oscillation and basin-scale hydrological variability during rainy season in eastern Northeast Brazil     

Denis Duda Costa  Cintia B. Uvo  Adriano Rolim Da Paz  Frede De Oliveira Carvalho  Carlos R. Fragoso Jr 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(11):1636-1652

ABSTRACT

The high variability in the hydrological regime of the Eastern Hydrological Region (EHR) of Northeast Brazil often results in floods and droughts, leading to serious socio-economic issues. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate connections between spatiotemporal hydrological variability of the EHR and large-scale climate phenomena. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to relate climate indices with hydrological variables within two representative river basins in the EHR. The results indicated a multi-annual relationship between the state of the sea surface temperature of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and anomalous hydrological variability in the basins. In addition, the northern Tropical Atlantic conditions were shown to play an important role in modulating the long-term variability of the hydrological response of the basins, whilst only extreme ENSO anomalies seemed to affect the rainy season. This knowledge is an important step towards long-term prediction of hydrological conditions and contributes to the improvement of water resources planning and management in the EHR.  相似文献   

Land use changes due to energy policy as a determining factor for morphological processes in fluvial systems in São Paulo State,Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

Cenira Maria Lupinacci  Fabiano Tomazini da Conceição  Adriano Luis Heck Simon  Archimedes Perez Filho 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(14):2402-2413

The number of hydroelectric dams used for energy production and the cultivation of sugar cane crops for ethanol production have increased significantly in the southeastern region of Brazil. These land use/land cover changes (LULCC) associated with energy policy can affect landscape changes over a range of temporal and spatial scales. This article focuses on how human–landscape interactions have influenced geomorphological dynamics in the lower course of the Piracicaba River for two different scenarios that represent pre‐dam and post‐dam conditions in 1962 and 2007, respectively, and the expansion of sugar cane crops after 1975. This assessment was performed by mapping land use and geomorphological changes in the study area in the 1962 and 2007 scenarios, in addition to quantifying the sedimentation rates upstream from the Barra Bonita Reservoir using ²¹⁰Pb. The main land uses identified for the 1962 scenario were pastures, meadows, annual crops and forests. However, the main land use change was the expansion of sugar cane cropland from 4 to 39%. In the 1962 scenario, the lower course of the Piracicaba River had a predominantly meandering pattern, and there were pronounced alluvial plains in the region. In the 2007 scenario, oxbow lakes were not mapped, and the river terraces were reduced in area due to construction of the Barra Bonita Reservoir. The changes in the sedimentation rates indicate an association between the construction of the Barra Bonita Reservoir and the expansion of sugar cane crops. It was therefore not possible to assess the specific influences of each anthropogenic change on the sedimentation processes, reinforcing that the human–landscape systems in São Paulo State associated with energy policy are complex. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Human‐induced hazardous debris flows in Carrara marble basins (Tuscany,Italy)     

Carlo Baroni  Giuseppe Bruschi  Adriano Ribolini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(1):93-103

In Carrara marble basins, the long and intensive quarrying activities (which began in the first century BC ) have produced extensive dump deposits, locally known as ravaneti. Ravaneti are of such large dimensions and diffusion as to make them a widespread landform of the Apuane Alps (Tuscany). In recent years these quarry dump deposits have been affected by frequent debris flows, more than 50 in 1996/97. This phenomenon is the most significant currently active geomorphological process in this landscape. The evolution of quarrying techniques produced a variety of sedimentological compositions of ravaneti. The debris flows analysed involve only the surface layers where debris is mixed with fine material with a lower permeability (active ravaneti) than the coarser underlying debris (older ravaneti). The presence of different permeability layers causes a wetting front to move downwards. Source area observations indicate a soil slip movement in the initial phases of the failure. The transformation of landslides into debris flow occurs by means of both soil contractive failure and an increase of granular temperature. The morphological and sedimentological analyses of depositional lobes resulted in a classification of three types of lobe, based on fabric–morphometry relationships allowing the identification of different flow dynamics: (1) type A lobe (platy form), matrix‐supported and well developed fabric with general tendency of ab clast plane strikes to lie generally parallel to flow direction as a consequence of laminar flow; (2) type B lobe (elongated form), clast‐supported and random fabric as a consequence of both turbulent flow and coarser composition of starting material; (3) type C lobe, intermediate type A–B morphometry, tendency for ab clast plane to lie in a semi‐circle around the main flow direction determined by the presence of secondary flow lines divergent from it in the stopping phase. In Carrara marble basins, the anomalous frequency with which debris flows tend to be triggered by medium‐intensity rainstorms (about 30 mm h⁻¹ rainfall) is due to the recent increases in silt dump produced by modern quarrying techniques. This represents a significant example of debris flows as an environmental problem in major anthromorphized landscapes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献