William Smith's map brought alive by digital remastering     

Alan R. Butcher  Duncan Pirrie  Gavyn K. Rollinson  Hanna Horsch  Stephen P. Hesselbo  Michael Owen  David Haberlah 《Geology Today》2020,36(5):175-182

The geological mapping carried out by William Smith, which resulted in the publication of his famous map in 1815, was remarkable in many respects, not least because it relied on him being able to make consistent and accurate observations on the rock types he encountered during his fieldwork. This ability, gained from his many years studying rocks, allowed him to observe features with his own eyes (or at the very least, with the aid of a simple magnifying device) that others could not. We take a new look at William Smith's original stratigraphical sequences, and with samples collected from his classic field areas (many of which are around the city of Bath, Somerset, UK), demonstrate how spatial mineralogy mapping can be incorporated into the modern age of digital mapping.  相似文献   

Crossing Boundaries in a Collaborative Modeling Workspace     

Jeffrey T. Morisette  Amanda E. Cravens  Brian W. Miller  Marian Talbert  Colin Talbert  Catherine Jarnevich 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(9):1158-1167

There is substantial literature on the importance of bridging across disciplinary and science–management boundaries. One of the ways commonly suggested to cross boundaries is for participants from both sides of the boundary to jointly produce information (i.e., knowledge co-production). But simply providing tools or bringing people together in the same room is not sufficient. Here we present a case study documenting the mechanisms by which managers and scientists collaborated to incorporate climate change projections into Colorado’s State Wildlife Action Plan. A critical component of the project was the use of a collaborative modeling and visualization workspace: the U.S. Geological Survey’s Resource for Advanced Modeling (RAM). Using video analysis and pre/post surveys from this case study, we examine how the RAM facilitated cognitive and social processes that co-produced a more salient and credible end product. This case provides practical suggestions to scientists and practitioners who want to implement actionable science.  相似文献   

Easter field meeting, 14th–21st April, 1938, Cornwall     

E.H. Davison  H.G. Dines  C.E. Leese  D.E. Owen 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1938,49(4):385-391

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High-resolution mass spectrometric characterization of dissolved organic matter from warm and cold periods in the NEEM ice core     

JianZhong Xu  Amanda Grannas  CunDe Xiao  ZhiHeng Du  Amanda Willoughby  Patrick Hatcher  YanQing An 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(1):38-46

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) is an important component of ice cores but is currently poorly characterized. DOM from one Holocene sample(HS, aged at 1600–4500 B.P.) and one Last Glacial Maximum sample(LS, aged at 21000–25000 B.P.) from the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling(NEEM) ice core were analyzed by ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR-MS). CHO compounds contributed 50% of the compounds identified in negative-ionization mode in these two samples, with significant contributions from organic N, S, and P compounds, likely suggesting that marine DOM was an important source in these samples. Overall, the chemical compositions are similar between these two samples, suggesting their consistent DOM sources. However, subtle differences in the DOM between these two samples are apparent and could indicate differences in source strength or chemistry occurring through both pre-and post-depositional processes. For example, higher relative amounts of condensed carbon compounds in the HS DOM(5%), compared to the LS DOM(2%), suggest potentially important contributions from terrestrial sources. Greater incorporation of P in the observed DOM in the LS DOM(22%), compared to the HS DOM(13%), indicate more active microbiological processes that likely contribute to phosphorus incorporation into the DOM pool. Although these two samples present only a preliminary analysis of DOM in glacial/interglacial periods, the data indicate a need to expand the analysis into a broader range of ice-core samples, geographical locations, and glacial/interglacial periods.  相似文献   

Taming a “chaotic concept”: gentrification and segmented consumption in Brooklyn, 2002–2012     

Mike Owen Benediktsson  Brian Lamberta  Erika Larsen 《Urban geography》2016,37(4):590-610

Public debate and prior scholarship tend to emphasize the link between gentrification and high-end chain retail, underscoring the importance of taste cultures tied to social class in making sense of gentrification’s impact on neighborhood identity. In this study, we present evidence from 10 years of change in the businesses of Brooklyn, New York City, a period of extensive gentrification across a wide variety of neighborhood and census-tract level contexts. Adopting census tracts clustered in neighborhoods as the units of analysis, we model the effects of institutional and demographic change on two separate outcomes: chain retail density and homogeneity in the types of goods and services available. We argue that changes in consumer culture embedded in broader processes of gentrification are neither “chaotic” nor “unitary” but are “segmented” according to local spatial and demographic context, taking two discrete forms: institutionally facilitated corporatization; lifestyle-driven homogenization.  相似文献   

Report on the Progress in Stellar Evolution to 1950     

Owen Gingerich 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1999,267(1-4):3-21

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A novel index of susceptibility of rivers and their catchments to acidification in regions subject to a maritime influence     

C. C. White  R. Smart  M. Stutter  M. S. Cresser  M. F. Billett  E. A. Elias  C. Soulsby  S. Langan  A. C. Edwards  A. Wade  R. Ferrier  C. Neal  H. Jarvie  R. Owen 《Applied Geochemistry》1999,14(8):369

A simple, unifying approach to classifying quantitatively the susceptibility of catchment soils and surface waters to acidification is suggested. In areas subject to a strong maritime influence, such as the UK and substantial parts of NW Europe, wherever soil mineral weathering rates are low and soils are unfertilised, atmospherically derived base cations of maritime origins have a greater effect than those derived from biogeochemical weathering on the exchangeable soil base cations. This is directly reflected in the relative base cation concentrations of the associated drainage waters, which become increasingly Na-dominated. Using 10 sub-catchments of the River Dee in north-eastern Scotland, it is shown here that the extent of Na dominance, the ratio of Na⁺ to ΣNa⁺+Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺, at any point in a river provides a quantitative index of the upstream weathering rate and thus of the susceptibility of the river concerned to acidification under diverse flow conditions. Data from a further 58 sub-catchments from the same river system, and from 4 other catchments from around Scotland, were used to validate this theory.  相似文献   

From London to Liverpool: Evidence for a Limehouse–Reid porcelain connection based on the analysis of sherds from the Brownlow Hill (ca. 1755–1767) factory site     

J. Victor Owen  Maurice Hillis 《Geoarchaeology》2003,18(8):851-882

The diversity of Brownlow Hill porcelains of the W^m Reid & Co. era is due to the remarkably wide range in the composition of their pastes and glazes and inferred firing conditions relative to the initial vitrification temperature. Sixteen of 21 analyzed sherds from the factory site are bone‐ash wares that display large variations in their bulk chemical composition. The remaining samples have silicious‐aluminous (akin to “stone china” sensu Richard Pococke in 1750) and silicious‐aluminous‐calcic (“S‐A‐C”) compositions that resemble Limehouse (London) and Pomona (Staffordshire) porcelains produced during the 1740s. The mineralogy of the Brownlow Hill S‐A‐C sherds suggests firing at a relatively high temperature (T_max approaching 1400°C, based on relations on the SiO₂‐Al₂O₃‐CaO phase diagram), thereby obscuring the identity of some of the ingredients (e.g., the source of CaO) used in their manufacture. Limehouse and Brownlow Hill may have been linked through the activities of William Ball, who is mentioned in connection with both factories, or indirectly via former Limehouse staff later employed at the Pomona factory, located not far from a W^m Reid & Co. branch factory in Shelton, Stoke‐on‐Trent. In terms of a time line, knowledge of these pastes appears to have spread first from London to Staffordshire, and then to Liverpool. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Spatial models for probabilistic prediction of wind power with application to annual-average and high temporal resolution data   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Amanda?LenziEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Pierre?Pinson  Line?H.?Clemmensen  Gilles?Guillot 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2017,31(7):1615-1631

Producing accurate spatial predictions for wind power generation together with a quantification of uncertainties is required to plan and design optimal networks of wind farms. Toward this aim, we propose spatial models for predicting wind power generation at two different time scales: for annual average wind power generation, and for a high temporal resolution (typically wind power averages over 15-min time steps). In both cases, we use a spatial hierarchical statistical model in which spatial correlation is captured by a latent Gaussian field. We explore how such models can be handled with stochastic partial differential approximations of Matérn Gaussian fields together with Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations. We demonstrate the proposed methods on wind farm data from Western Denmark, and compare the results to those obtained with standard geostatistical methods. The results show that our method makes it possible to obtain fast and accurate predictions from posterior marginals for wind power generation. The proposed method is applicable in scientific areas as diverse as climatology, environmental sciences, earth sciences and epidemiology.  相似文献   

The effect of lithology on valley width,terrace distribution,and bedload provenance in a tectonically stable catchment with flat‐lying stratigraphy          下载免费PDF全文

Amanda Keen‐Zebert  Mark R. Hudson  Stephanie L. Shepherd  Evan A. Thaler 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(10):1573-1587

How rock resistance or erodibility affects fluvial landforms and processes is an outstanding question in geomorphology that has recently garnered attention owing to the recognition that the erosion rates of bedrock channels largely set the pace of landscape evolution. In this work, we evaluate valley width, terrace distribution, and bedload provenance in terms of reach scale variation in lithology in the study reach and discuss the implications for landscape evolution in a catchment with relatively flat‐lying stratigraphy and very little uplift. A reach of the Buffalo National River in Arkansas was partitioned into lithologic reaches and the mechanical and chemical resistance of the main lithologies making up the catchment was measured. Valley width and the spatial distribution of terraces were compared among the different lithologic reaches. The surface grain size and provenance of coarse (2–90 mm) sediment of both modern gravel bars and older terrace deposits that make up the former bedload were measured and defined. The results demonstrate a strong impact of lithology upon valley width, terrace distribution, and bedload provenance and therefore, upon landscape evolution processes. Channel down‐cutting through different lithologies creates variable patterns of resistance across catchments and continents. Particularly in post‐tectonic and non‐tectonic landscapes, the variation in resistance that arises from the exhumation of different rocks in channel longitudinal profiles can impact local base levels, initiating responses that can be propagated through channel networks. The rate at which that response is transmitted through channels is potentially amplified and/or mitigated by differences between the resistance of channel beds and bedload sediment loads. In the study reach, variation in lithologic resistance influences the prevalence of lateral and vertical processes, thus producing a spatial pattern of terraces that reflects rock type rather than climate, regional base level change, or hydrologic variability. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献