Isotropic and Nonisotropic Components of Earthquakes and Nuclear Explosions on the Lop Nor Test Site, China     

B. G. Bukchin  A. Z. Mostinsky  A. A. Egorkin  A. L. Levshin  M. H. Ritzwoller 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(8):1497-1515

—?We test the hypothesis that the existence of an observable non-zero isotropic component of seismic moment can be used as a discriminant to distinguish nuclear explosions from shallow earthquakes. We do this by applying the method described herein to a small set of data recorded between 1990 and 1996 following events (seven nuclear explosions, three earthquakes) that occurred on the Lop Nor test site in Western China. We represent each source as a sum of an isotropic component at the surface and a nonisotropic, double-couple component at an estimated depth. The explosions all possess a significant non-zero isotropic component and the estimated depth of the double-couple component of the moment tensor, presumably the result of tectonic release, lies between about 0 and 3?km. For the earthquakes studied, the isotropic component is indistinguishable from zero and the depths of the sources are estimated at 3, 17 and 31?km. The data set we have studied, although still very small, suggests that certain source characteristics (namely, double-couple depth and the ratio of the isotropic to nonisotropic components of seismic moment) may prove useful in discriminating explosions from shallow earthquakes. Further work is needed to determine whether these observations hold for explosions at other test sites, to investigate a much larger set of shallow earthquakes located in regions of interest, and to study the robustness of the estimated source parameters as source magnitude and the number of observing stations decrease.  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics of mid-ocean ridge basalts     

Shen-Su Sun  Robert W. Nesbitt  Anatoly Ya. Sharaskin 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,44(1):119-138

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Magnetic resonance sounding applied to aquifer characterization   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Legchenko A  Baltassat JM  Bobachev A  Martin C  Robain H  Vouillamoz JM 《Ground water》2004,42(3):363-373

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is distinguished from other geophysical tools used for ground water investigation by the fact that it measures a magnetic resonance signal generated directly from subsurface water molecules. An alternating current pulse energizes a wire loop on the ground surface and the MRS signal is generated; subsurface water is indicated, with a high degree of reliability, by nonzero amplitude readings. Measurements with varied pulse magnitudes then reveal the depth and thickness of water saturated layers. The hydraulic conductivity of aquifers can also be estimated using boreholes for calibration. MRS can be used for both predicting the yield of water supply wells and for interpolation between boreholes, thereby reducing the number of holes required for hydrogeological modeling. An example of the practical application of MRS combined with two-dimensional electrical imaging, in the Kerbernez and Kerien catchments area of France, demonstrates the efficiency of the technique.  相似文献   

Caveats in Multi-modal Inversion of Seismic Surface Wavefields   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. L. Levshin  G. F. Panza 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(7):1215-1233

We consider several examples demonstrating that the formal modal representation of surface wavefields often does not describe adequately observable wave parameters, such as the phase and group velocity dispersion of higher modes. The main reason for this is the existence in the medium of several waveguides or weakly coupled wavefields in the same waveguide. In such cases the separation of neighboring higher modes may be impossible, and observed dispersion curves may significantly differ from the ones predicted by the theory. From the example related to the studies of the crustal and upper mantle structure we found that the difficulty in the separation of first and second crustal higher modes can be overcome by applying a special inversion procedure. This procedure ignores the existence of a low velocity layer in the upper mantle when fitting the observable higher-mode dispersion curve to the one predicted by the model.  相似文献   

Linearizing the observed power spectrum     

Clay C. Smith  Anatoly Klypin  Michael A. K. Gross  Joel R. Primack  & Jon Holtzman 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(3):910-922

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Cold dark matter variant cosmological models — I. Simulations and preliminary comparisons     

Michael A. K. Gross  Rachel S. Somerville  Joel R. Primack  Jon Holtzman  & Anatoly Klypin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,301(1):81-94

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Rayleigh Wave Group Velocity Tomography of Siberia, China and the Vicinity   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

F. T. Wu  A. L. Levshin  V. M. Kozhevnikov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1997,149(3):447-473

—Rayleigh waves are used in a tomographic inversion to obtain group velocity maps of East Asia (40° E–160° E and 20° N–70° N). The period range studied is 30 to 70 seconds. Seismograms used for this study were recorded at CDSN stations, at a temporary broadband seismic array in Tibet, at several SRO stations, and Kirnos-equipped stations established in Asia by the former Soviet Union, in Siberia, in the Sakhalin and in Mongolia. Altogether more than 1200 paths were available in the tomographic inversion. The study area includes the Angara craton, the geologically ancient core of Asia, and the subsequently accreted units, the Altaids (a Paleozoic collision complex), the Sino-Korean platform (a chain of Archaen terranes separated by belts of active structures), the south China platform (a collage of Precambrian, Paleozoic and Mesozoic metamorphic and igneous terranes), as well as the Tibetan plateau (an active tectonic feature created in late Cenozoic through collision of the Indian subcontinent and the Asian continent). Many of these main units are recognizable in the tomographic images as distinctive units; Tibet appears as a prominent low velocity (about ?15% from the average) structure, with western and central Tibet often appearing as the areas with the lowest velocities, the Central Asian fold-belt, and the Angara craton are consistently high group velocity areas. Some lesser tectonic features are also recognizable. For example, Lake Baikal is seen as a high velocity feature at periods greater than 40 seconds. However, the high group velocity feature does not stop near the southern end of Lake Baikal; it extends south-southwestward across Mongolia. The North China Plain, a part of the platform where extensional tectonics dominate, is an area of high velocities as a result of relatively thin crust. The south China block, the least tectonically active region of China, is generally an area of high velocity. For periods longer than 40 seconds, a NNE trending high group velocity gradient clearly exists in eastern China; the velocities are noticeably higher in the east. From the group velocity maps, average dispersion curves at twelve locations were determined and inverted to obtain velocity structures. Main results of group velocity inversion include: (1) a Tibetan crust of around 60?km thick, with low crustal and upper mantle shear velocities, at 3.3?km/s and 4.2?km/s, respectively; (2) with the Moho constrained at 40–43?km, the Angara craton and the Central Asian foldbelt have a V _S in excess of 4.6?km/s; (3) relatively low shear velocities are obtained for tectonically active areas. In many parts of the study area, where Precambrian basement is exposed, the process in the crust and upper mantle due to recent tectonic activities have modified the crust and upper mantle velocity structures under the Precambrian terranes, they are no longer underlain by high velocity crust and mantle.  相似文献   

Characteristics of surface waves generated by events on and near the Chinese nuclear test site   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anatoli L. Levshin  Michael H. Ritzwoller 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,123(1):131-148

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Chlorine-36 and C chronology support a limited last glacial maximum across central chukotka, northeastern Siberia, and no Beringian ice sheet     

Julie Brigham-Grette  Lyn M. Gualtieri  Olga Yu. Glushkova  Thomas D. Hamilton  David Mostoller  Anatoly Kotov 《Quaternary Research》2003,59(3):386-398

The Pekulney Mountains and adjacent Tanyurer River valley are key regions for examining the nature of glaciation across much of northeast Russia. Twelve new cosmogenic isotope ages and 14 new radiocarbon ages in concert with morphometric analyses and terrace stratigraphy constrain the timing of glaciation in this region of central Chukotka. The Sartan Glaciation (Last Glacial Maximum) was limited in extent in the Pekulney Mountains and dates to 20,000 yr ago. Cosmogenic isotope ages > 30,000 yr as well as non-finite radiocarbon ages imply an estimated age no younger than the Zyryan Glaciation (early Wisconsinan) for large sets of moraines found in the central Tanyurer Valley. Slope angles on these loess-mantled ridges are less than a few degrees and crest widths are an order of magnitude greater than those found on the younger Sartan moraines. The most extensive moraines in the lower Tanyurer Valley are most subdued implying an even older, probable middle Pleistocene age. This research provides direct field evidence against Grosswald’s Beringian ice-sheet hypothesis.  相似文献   

Mid–Cretaceous Episodic Magmatism and Tin Mineralization in Khingan-Okhotsk Volcano–Plutonic Belt, Far East Russia     

Kohei SATO  Anatoly A. VRUBLEVSKY  Sergei M. RODIONOV  Nikolai P. ROMANOVSKY  Munetomo NEDACHI 《Resource Geology》2002,52(1):1-14

Abstract: Age of magmatism and tin mineralization in the Khingan‐Okhotsk volcano–plutonic belt, including the Khingan, Badzhal and Komsomolsk tin fields, were reviewed in terms of tectonic history of the continental margin of East Asia. This belt consists mainly of felsic volcanic rocks and granitoids of the reduced type, being free of remarkable geomagnetic anomaly, in contrast with the northern Sikhote‐Alin volcano–plutonic belt dominated by oxidized‐type rocks and gold mineralization. The northern end of the Khingan‐Okhotsk belt near the Sea of Okhotsk, accompanied by positive geomagnetic anomalies, may have been overprinted by magmatism of the Sikhote‐Alin belt. Tin–associated magmatism in the Khingan‐Okhotsk belt extending over 400 km occurred episodically in a short period (9510 Ma) in the middle Cretaceous time, which is coeval with the accretion of the Kiselevka‐Manoma complex, the youngest accretionary wedge in the eastern margin of the Khingan‐Okhotsk accretionary terranes. The episodic magmatism is in contrast with the Cretaceous‐Paleogene long–lasted magmatism in Sikhote–Alin, indicating the two belts are essentially different arcs, rather than juxtaposed arcs derived from a single arc. The tin‐associated magmatism may have been caused by the subduction of a young and hot back‐arc basin, which is inferred from oceanic plate stratigraphy of the coeval accre‐tionary complex and its heavy mineral assemblage of immature volcanic arc provenance. The subduction of the young basin may have resulted in dominance of the reduced‐type felsic magmas due to incorporation of carbonaceous sediments within the accretionary complex near the trench. Subsequently, the back‐arc basin may have been closed by the oblique collision of the accretionary terranes in Sikhote–Alin, which was subjected to the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene magmatism related to another younger subduction system. These processes could have proceeded under transpressional tectonic regime due to oblique subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plates under Eurasian continent.  相似文献