Timing of atmospheric precipitation in the Zagros Mountains inferred from a multi-proxy record from Lake Mirabad, Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lora R. Stevens  Emi Ito  Antje Schwalb  Herbert E. Wright  Jr. 《Quaternary Research》2006,66(3):494-500

A sediment core 7.2 m long from Lake Mirabad, Iran, was examined for loss-on-ignition, mineralogy, oxygen-isotopic composition of authigenic calcite, and trace-element composition of ostracodes to complement earlier pollen and ostracode-assemblage studies. Pollen, ostracode-inferred lake level, and high Sr/Ca ratios indicate that the early Holocene (10000 to 6500 cal yr BP) was drier than the late Holocene. Low δ¹⁸O values during this interval are interpreted as resulting from winter-dominated precipitation, characteristic of a Mediterranean climate. Increasing δ¹⁸O values after 6500 cal yr BP signal a gradual increase in spring rains, which are present today. A severe 600-yr drought occurred at ca. 5500 cal yr BP, shortly after the transition from pistachio-almond to oak forest. During the late Holocene, two milder droughts occurred at about 1500 and 500 cal yr BP. Within the resolution of the record, no drought is evident during the collapse of the Akkadian empire (4200–3900 cal yr BP). Rather, a decrease in δ¹⁸O values to early-Holocene levels may indicate the return to a Mediterranean precipitation regime.  相似文献   

Anaerobic oxidation of methane and sulfate reduction along the Chilean continental margin   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tina Treude  Jutta Niggemann  Paul Wintersteller  Antje Boetius  Bo Barker Jørgensen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(11):2767-2779

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and sulfate reduction (SR) were investigated in sediments of the Chilean upwelling region at three stations between 800 and 3000 m water depth. Major goals of this study were to quantify and evaluate rates of AOM and SR in a coastal marine upwelling system with high organic input, to analyze the impact of AOM on the methane budget, and to determine the contribution of AOM to SR within the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMT). Furthermore, we investigated the formation of authigenic carbonates correlated with AOM. We determined the vertical distribution of AOM and SR activity, methane, sulfate, sulfide, pH, total chlorins, and a variety of other geochemical parameters. Depth-integrated rates of AOM within the SMT were between 7 and 1124 mmol m⁻² a⁻¹, effectively removing methane below the sediment-water interface. Single measurements revealed AOM peaks of 2 to 51 nmol cm⁻³ d⁻¹, with highest rates at the shallowest station (800 m). The methane turnover was higher than in other diffusive systems of similar ocean depth. This higher turnover was most likely due to elevated organic matter input in this upwelling region offering significant amounts of substrates for methanogenesis. SR within the SMT was mostly fuelled by methane. AOM led to the formation of isotopically light DIC (δ¹³C: −24.6‰ VPDB) and of distinct layers of authigenic carbonates (δ¹³C: −14.6‰ VPDB).  相似文献   

How special are Etendeka mesas? Flora and elevation gradients in an arid landscape in north-west Namibia     

Antje Burke   《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,55(4):747-764

Seven mesas (i.e. flat-topped, isolated mountains) and the Grootberg mountain in arid north-west Namibia were investigated with regard to floristic relationships in relation to environmental gradients. Relationships between mesas and their surrounding, species richness and number of mesa specialists were used as measures to explore the influence of elevation on these floristic parameters. Also soil properties were investigated along these elevation gradients. The overall questions were designed to investigate the importance, i.e. ‘special status’, of these mesas in terms of contributing to species diversity and to elucidating ecological processes in this arid landscape.With regard to special floristic status, the tops of mesas supported different plant communities than their surrounding plains, while slopes indicated various levels of intermingling with plain vegetation. Differences between mesas and plains became more pronounced with increasing elevation. There were, however, no clear vegetation belts related to elevation. Plant species richness and number of mesa specialists showed a trend of increasing numbers with elevation, but these trends were statistically poorly supported, largely due to high variability between samples.Do soil gradients and elevation, as two important environmental variables, affect this ‘special’ status? Pronounced soil gradients were evident for many soil properties. These in combination with altitudinal effects of increased moisture and lower temperatures were believed to directly influence plant species composition and richness. The soil gradients may also indicate nutrient flow from the mesas to the surrounding lowlands, a process of ecological importance, particularly should degradation due to over grazing become a problem in the lowland areas.  相似文献   

Impact of springtime Himalayan–Tibetan Plateau snowpack on the onset of the Indian summer monsoon in coupled seasonal forecasts     

Retish Senan  Yvan J. Orsolini  Antje Weisheimer  Frédéric Vitart  Gianpaolo Balsamo  Timothy N. Stockdale  Emanuel Dutra  Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes  Droma Basang 《Climate Dynamics》2016,47(9-10):2709-2725

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Ostracode δ18O and δ13C evidence of Holocene environmental changes in the sediments of two Minnesota lakes     

Antje Schwalb  Sharon M. Locke  Walter E. Dean 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1995,14(3):281-296

Stable oxygen and carbon isotope geochemistry of ostracode valves, abundance and assemblages of ostracode species, and sedimentological parameters from cores taken in Williams and Shingobee Lakes in north-central Minnesota show changes in climatic and hydrologic history during the Holocene. Isotopic records are consistent with the following scenario:Before 9800 yr B.P. the two lakes were connected. Increasing evaporation through the jack/red pine period (9800-7700 yr B.P.) led to lower lake levels, leaving small separated basins. The prairie period (7700-4000 yr B.P.) reflects high aridity, and lake levels reached low stands shortly before 6500 yr B.P. Low lake levels are associated with groundwater discharge between 6500 and 6000 yr B.P. The hardwood period (4000-3200 yr B.P.) corresponds to long cold winters and warm to cool summers with lower evaporation rates and slower sedimentation. During the white pine period (<3200 yr B.P.) evaporation increased and/or precipitation shifted to the summer months.These changes can be related to shifting atmospheric circulation patterns. Zonal flow was probably dominant during the early Holocene until the end of the prairie period (c. 4000 yr B.P.). During the hardwood period a combination of zonal and meridional flow patterns caused long and cold winters and wetter summers. During the white pine period wintners were shorter and the meridional flow pattern more significant. Today meridional flow dominates the circulation pattern.This is the 6th in a series of papers published in this special AMQUA issue. These papers were presented at the 1994 meeting of the American Quaternary Association held 19–22 June, 1994, at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Dr Linda C. K. Shane served as guest editor for these papers.  相似文献   

西藏纳木错深水湖芯反映的8.4ka以来气候环境变化^*   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

朱立平  王君波  林晓  鞠建廷  谢曼平  李明慧  吴艳红  G.Daut  R.M 《第四纪研究》2007,27(4):588-597

利用地震剖面仪和回声测深仪调查了纳木错大部分湖区的水深和沉积物厚度分布,并在湖区东部水深60m的湖盆利用PISTON采样器获得一个332cm长的钻孔。对该钻孔进行了12个 AMS ¹⁴ C年代测定,并进行了日历年龄校正和"碳库"效应估算,根据沉积物平均粒径建立了整个钻孔的深度-年代模式。对该钻孔进行了有机碳、总氮、正构烷烃、粒度、元素地球化学、碳酸钙和矿物等环境指标的分析,结果显示8.4ka以来湖区环境变化可以分为明显的3个阶段。早期约8400 ~6400aB.P. ,以温度缓慢下降为主,但在8100 ~7800aB.P.出现一次显著的冷干事件; 中期为6400 ~2900aB.P. ,其开始显示了温暖湿润的环境特点,在6000aB.P.左右出现最强的暖湿特征后其后期转向冷干,在3000 ~2900aB.P.达到寒冷和干旱的低谷,反映了新冰期时期的温度强烈下降和降水的分配不均; 晚期从2900aB.P. 到现在,尽管温度出现回升,但总体上显示了向冷干波动变化的趋势,期间第一次降温在 1800 ~1600aB.P. ,之后温度回升后在600 ~300aB.P.再次下降,前者反映了公元初期的降温,后者则是小冰期的反映。  相似文献   

3D modelling of dreissenid mussel impacts on phytoplankton in a large lake supports the nearshore shunt hypothesis and the importance of wind-driven hydrodynamics     

Astrid N. Schwalb  Damien Bouffard  Leon Boegman  Luis Leon  Jennifer G. Winter  Lewis A. Molot  Ralph E. H. Smith 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2015,77(1):95-114

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Ostracod assemblages and their environmental significance from the lake core of the Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau 8.4 kaBP     

XIE Man-Beng  SHU Li-Beng  BANG Ping  WANG Jun-Bei  HONG Yong  SCHWALB Antje 《地理学报》2009,30(4):387-402

A 332-cm long lacustrine core was drilled in the Nam Co in the central-southern part of the Tibetan Plateau. From the core, 15 species of ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda), which belong to 6 genera have been identified. According to the variations of the ostracod assemblages and the ostracods ecological features, which are sensitive to the changing environment, three main stages can be distinguished as follows: Stage I was from 8400 to 6800 a BP, during which the climate was cold-humid, and the lake depth changed from shallow to deep. Stage II was from 6400 to 2500 a BP, during which the climate changed from warm-humid to cold-humid, and then to cold-dry. The lake depth gradually became deep. The shifting of climate, from wet-cold to dry-cold during this period, had constructed the basis of present environment in the Nam Co. Stage III was from 2500 a BP to the present, which showed a trait of lake depth increasing. At the earlier period of this stage, the climate kept as cold-dry as that in the former stage, but the salinity of the lake increased. At the later period of this stage, the degree of cold-dry was enhanced, and the activities of land surface runoff tended to be weakened. Our research also found that the peak values of ostracods with black shell was coherent with the maximum production of the ostracods, and agreed with the increasing sedimentary water dynamics. This indicated that the ostracods with black shell was simultaneous with the high prolificacy of ostracod, and transported from other places. The abundance of Candona juvenile shells reflected the high mortality of that kind of ostracods under an unfavorable condition. This was probably a result of the rapid change of water dynamics of sedimentary environment.  相似文献   

First health and pollution study on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) living in the German Elbe estuary     

Antje Kakuschke  Elizabeth Valentine-Thon  Juergen Gandrass  Luis Dominguez Boada  Maira Almeida González  Daniel Pröfrock  Katharina Kramer  Andreas Prange 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(11):2079-2086

The Elbe is one of the major rivers releasing pollutants into the coastal areas of the German North Sea. Its estuary represents the habitat of a small population of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Only little is known about the health status and contamination levels of these seals. Therefore, a first-ever seal catch was organized next to the islands of Neuwerk and Scharhörn in the region of the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park. The investigations included a broad set of health parameters and the analysis of metals and organic pollutants in blood samples. Compared to animals of other Wadden Sea areas, the seals showed higher γ-globulin levels, suggesting higher concentrations of pathogens in this near-urban area, elevated concentrations for several metals in particular for V, Sn, Pb, and Sr, and comparable ranges for chlorinated organic contaminants, except for elevated levels of hexachlorobenzene, which indicates characteristic inputs from the Elbe.  相似文献   

A multi-proxy approach to reconstruct hydrological changes and Holocene climate development of Nam Co, Central Tibet   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

I. Mügler  G. Gleixner  F. Günther  R. Mäusbacher  G. Daut  B. Schütt  J. Berking  A. Schwalb  L. Schwark  B. Xu  T. Yao  L. Zhu  C. Yi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(4):625-648

Holocene lake level fluctuations were reconstructed from a 2.7-m sediment core from Nam Co, Central Tibet, China dating to >7.2 cal ka BP. Results were compared to existing lake records from the Tibetan Plateau to infer variations in the strength of the Asian Monsoon. Geomorphological features in the Nam Co catchment, such as beach ridges and lake terraces, indicate high lake stands during the late Glacial. A major low stand is suggested for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sands and sandy silts at the base of the core are transgressive facies, with material transported by melt water and deposited under rising lake level conditions that followed the LGM low stand. Variations in grain size, major elements, biomarker stable isotopes and minerals in the core suggest a climate evolution reflected in at least five depositional units and subunits. Sediments in Unit I (~7.2 to ~5.4 cal ka BP) were deposited at highest lake levels. Large amounts of allogenic minerals and allochthonous organic matter suggest high precipitation and melt water input, implying positive water balance. Increasing aquatic productivity points to favourable environmental conditions. Unit II (~5.4 to ~4.0 cal ka BP) marks a transition between favourable, stable hydrological conditions and lake level decrease. Lower lake levels were a consequence of drier climate with less monsoonal precipitation, higher evaporation rates, and increased moisture recycling in the catchment. Unit III (~4.0 to ~1.4 cal ka BP) reflects the driest periods recorded, at ~3.7 cal ka BP and 1.6 cal ka BP. Lake shrinkage and salinization was interrupted as suggested by the deposition of Unit IV (~1.4 to ~0.8 cal ka BP), when increased precipitation and runoff that might be related to the Medieval Warm Period, led to a stable, but still low lake level. Unit V (800 cal years BP—present) is characterized by progressive lake shrinkage due to intense evaporation. Large fluctuations in geochemical variables indicate humid and arid periods, respectively, at Nam Co between ~450 and ~200 cal years BP, with the latter assumed to correspond to the Little Ice Age. Modern hydrological data indicate the lake level is rising. Comparison of the Nam Co record with other lake records from the Tibetan Plateau suggests general agreement with the broader picture of Holocene environmental evolution. The timing of dry and wet climate conditions at lake sites across Tibet indicates a gradually decreasing influence of the southern monsoon during the Holocene, from NW to SE. Nevertheless, further research is needed to improve our understanding of Holocene spatio-temporal hydrological variations across the Asian continent.  相似文献