Uranium Groundwater Monitoring and Seismic Analysis: A Case Study of the Gran Sasso Hydrogeological Basin,Italy     

Marta Ciarletti  Wolfango Plastino  Antonella Peresan  Stefano Nisi  Lorenzo Copia  Giuliano F. Panza  Pavel P. Povinec 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(4):1079-1095

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Monitoring toxic microalgae Ostreopsis (dinoflagellate) species in coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea using molecular PCR-based assay combined with light microscopy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cecilia Battocchi  Magda Vila  Samuela Capellacci  Albert Reñé  Antonella Penna 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(7):1074-7059

A molecular PCR-based assay was developed and applied to macrophyte and seawater samples containing mixed microphytobenthic and phytoplanktonic assemblages, respectively, in order to detect toxic Ostreopsis species in Mediterranean Sea. The specificity and sensitivity of the molecular PCR assay were assessed with both plasmidic and genomic DNA of the target genus or species using taxon-specific primers in the presence of background macrophyte DNA. The PCR molecular technique allowed rapid detection of the Ostreopsis cells, even at abundances undetectable within the resolution limit of the microscopy technique. Species-specific identification of Ostreopsis was determined only by PCR-based assay, due to the inherent difficulty of morphological identification in field samples. In the monitoring of the toxic Ostreopsis blooms PCR-based methods proved to be effective tools complementary to microscopy for rapid and specific detection of Ostreopsis and other toxic dinoflagellates in marine coastal environments.  相似文献   

Autochthonous and allochthonous plant contributions to coastal benthic detritus deposits: a dual-stable isotope study in a volcanic lake     

Loreto Rossi  M. Letizia Costantini  Pasquale Carlino  Antonella di Lascio  David Rossi 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(2):227-236

The high numbers of primary producers represent multiple sources of organic matter accumulating onto lake bottoms. The difficulty of distinguishing the relative contribution to the mixture presents considerable challenges to the analysis of these organic deposits. In this study, dual-stable isotope analysis and IsoSource model were used to identify allochthonous and autochthonous components of detritus deposits (Particulate Organic Matter: POM) at two different bottom slope sites of a volcanic lake (lake Bracciano). Experiments were carried out to calibrate IsoSource on constructed plant mixtures and assess changes in isotope ratios during plant decomposition. IsoSource satisfactorily discriminated the constructed mixture sources with a few exceptions. Changes in isotopic enrichment during decomposition were low, and thus did not represent a confounding variable in the isotopic analysis. By contrast, chemical and geological differences of the study sites were associated with differences in plant δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values (more than 2‰ within single plant species). At both sites, the isotopic signals of POM fell between polygons delineated by source end members with an evident shift of δ¹³C toward allochthonous sources. POM amount and diversity were greater at the flatter bottom site, where allochthonous contributions were larger than at the other site. In particular, IsoSource ranked species contributions as follows: A. glutinosa > P. australis > A. donax > S. alba > P. nigra > the benthic macroalga Chara sp. at the first site, and A. glutinosa > P. nigra > the aquatic macrophyte C. demersum at the latter. The composition of littoral POM was determined by allochthonous sources in proportion to their relative abundances (as percent land cover) with differences between sites due to bottom slope.  相似文献   

Simultaneous inversion of deformation and gravity changes in a horizontally layered half-space: Evidences for magma intrusion during the 1982–1984 unrest at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy)     

A. Amoruso  L. Crescentini  G. Berrino   《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):181-188

A very large uplift (about 1.8 m) occurred in the period 1982–1984 at Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy, without culminating in an eruption. A still-standing controversy accompanies the interpretation of deformation and gravity changes recorded during the unrest, which were interpreted to result from the sub-surface magmatic reservoir by some authors and from the hydrothermal system or hybrid sources by others. Here for the first time we take into account crustal layering while inverting leveling, EDM, and gravity data using uniformly-pressurized sources, namely small vertical spheroids and finite horizontal penny-shaped sources. The weight of EDM data in the misfit function is chosen from a trade-off curve in order to balance the compromise between fitting the leveling and the EDM data well. Models using a homogeneous medium cannot give a good simultaneous fit to leveling and EDM deformation data of the 1982–1984 unrest, whereas incorporating a layered structure (determined from seismically derived estimates of the P wave speed for the crust, and not adjusted to improve the fit in any of the inversions) allows a significantly better fit. Also, layering affects the sub-surface mass redistribution effects on gravity changes, and we show that the retrieved intrusion density is in full agreement with densities for highly evolved magmas expected at the Campi Flegrei caldera for depths of 3 to 4 km, ruling out hydrothermal fluids as the primary cause of the 1982–1984 unrest. The source of the 1982–1984 CF unrest was probably a shallow (about 3-km deep) penny-shaped magma intrusion fed by a deeper magma chamber; source overpressure was few MPa.  相似文献   

Modelling background seismicity components identified by nearest neighbour and stochastic declustering approaches: the case of Northeastern Italy     

Benali  Amel  Peresan  Antonella  Varini  Elisa  Talbi  Abdelhak 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2020,34(6):775-791

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - An adequate characterization of the temporal features of background seismicity, namely after removal of temporally and spatially clustered...  相似文献   

Shaking table tests on a masonry building monitored using smart bricks: Damage detection and localization     

Andrea Meoni  Antonella D'Alessandro  Nicola Cavalagli  Massimiliano Gioffré  Filippo Ubertini 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(8):910-928

The seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry buildings is typically characterized by premature brittle collapse mechanisms that can cause serious consequences for the protection of human lives and for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. Structural health monitoring can be a powerful tool enabling a quick post-earthquake assessment of the structure's performance, but its applications are still scarce as a consequence of the severe limitations affecting off-the-shelf sensing technologies, in terms of local nature of the measurements, costs, as well as long-term behavior, installation, and maintenance. To overcome some of these limitations, the authors have recently proposed a new sensing technology, called “smart brick,” that is a durable clay brick doped with stainless steel microfibers, working as a smart strain sensor for masonry buildings. This paper presents the first full-scale application of smart bricks, used for detecting and localizing progressive earthquake-induced damage in an unreinforced masonry building subjected to shaking table tests. Smart bricks are employed to detect changes in load paths on masonry walls, comparing strain measurements acquired after each step of the seismic sequence with those referring to the undamaged structure. Experimental results are interpreted using a 3D finite element model built to reproduce the shaking table tests. Overall, the results demonstrate that the smart bricks can effectively reveal local permanent changes in structural conditions following a progressive damage, therefore being apt for earthquake-induced damage detection and localization.  相似文献   

Visible–near infrared spectral indices for mapping mineralogy and chemistry with OSIRIS‐REx     

Hannah H. Kaplan  Victoria E. Hamilton  Ellen S. Howell  F. Scott Anderson  M. Antonella Barrucci  John Brucato  Thomas H. Burbine  Beth E. Clark  Ed A. Cloutis  Harold C. Connolly  Elisabetta Dotto  Joshua P. Emery  Sonia Fornasier  Cateline Lantz  Lucy F. Lim  Frederic Merlin  Alice Praet  Dennis C. Reuter  Scott A. Sandford  Amy A. Simon  Driss Takir  Dante S. Lauretta 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2020,55(4):744-765

The primary objective of the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS‐REx) mission is to return to Earth a pristine sample of carbonaceous material from the primitive asteroid (101955) Bennu. To support compositional mapping of Bennu as part of sample site selection and characterization, we tested 95 spectral indices on visible to near infrared laboratory reflectance data from minerals and carbonaceous meteorites. Our aim was to determine which indices reliably identify spectral features of interest. Most spectral indices had high positive detection rates when applied to spectra of pure, single‐component materials. The meteorite spectra have fewer and weaker absorption features and, as a result, fewer detections with the spectral indices. Indices targeting absorptions at 0.7 and 2.7–3 μm, which are attributable to hydrated minerals, were most successful for the meteorites. Based on these results, we identified a set of 17 indices that are most likely to be useful at Bennu. These indices detect olivines, pyroxenes, carbonates, water/OH‐bearing minerals, serpentines, ferric minerals, and organics. Particle size and albedo are known to affect band depth but had a negligible impact on interpretive success with spectral indices. Preliminary analysis of the disk‐integrated Bennu spectrum with these indices is consistent with expectations given the observed absorption near 3 μm. Our study prioritizes spectral indices to be used for OSIRIS‐REx spectral analysis and mapping and informs the reliability of all index‐derived data products, including a science value map for sample site selection.  相似文献   

Ecotoxicological and human health risk in a petrochemical district of southern Italy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ausili A  Gabellini M  Cammarata G  Fattorini D  Benedetti M  Pisanelli B  Gorbi S  Regoli F 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):215-217

An ecotoxicological investigation has been carried in the petrochemical district of Priolo (Sicily, Italy), one of the largest in Europe. Results indicated a severe mercury contamination in sediments sampled near a chloro-alkali plant. A clear bioavailability of this element was demonstrated in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (both native and translocated) and the benthic fish Mullus barbatus, which also exhibited marked genotoxic damages. The elevated mercury concentrations in marine organisms are a serious concern for human health; according to the national average fish consumption, the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of Hg would be easily exceeded by at least 4 to 12 fold. Such toxicological risk is of particular importance for pregnant women, being possibly involved in the elevated frequency of neonatal malformations.  相似文献   

Atmospheric Aerosol Characterization Over Naples During 2000–2003 EARLINET Project: Planetary Boundary-Layer Evolution and Layering     

Antonella Boselli  Mario Armenante  Loredana D’Avino  Massimo D’Isidoro  Gianluca Pisani  Nicola Spinelli  Xuan Wang 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,132(1):151-165

The evolution of the planetary boundary layer and the influence of local circulation phenomena over Naples (southern Italy, 40.838° N, 14.183° E, 118 m above sea level) have been studied by systematic lidar measurements of aerosol optical properties and vertical distributions carried out from May 2000 to August 2003, in the course of the EARLINET project. In particular, our data show the development of aerosol layers typically located in the range between 1,000 and 2,300 m, with variable thickness. The optical properties of the observed layers have been determined. In order to analyse the evolution of the planetary boundary layer, detailed observations of complete diurnal cycles have also been performed. The analysis of lidar measurements of vertical profiles of wind speed and wind direction and air mass back-trajectories allowed us to characterize the sea-breeze circulation influence on both the planetary boundary-layer evolution and the observed aerosol vertical distribution.  相似文献   

Large biases and inconsistent climate change signals in ENSEMBLES regional projections   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Marco Turco  Antonella Sanna  Sixto Herrera  Maria-Carmen Llasat  José Manuel Gutiérrez 《Climatic change》2013,120(4):859-869

In this paper we analyze some caveats found in the state-of-the-art ENSEMBLES regional projections dataset focusing on precipitation over Spain, and highlight the need of a task-oriented validation of the GCM-driven control runs. In particular, we compare the performance of the GCM-driven control runs (20C3M scenario) with the ERA40-driven ones (“perfect” boundary conditions) in a common period (1961–2000). Large deviations between the results indicate a large uncertainty/bias for the particular RCM-GCM combinations and, hence, a small confidence for the corresponding transient simulations due to the potential nonlinear amplification of biases. Specifically, we found large biases for some RCM-GCM combinations attributable to RCM in-house problems with the particular GCM coupling. These biases are shown to distort the corresponding climate change signal, or “delta”, in the last decades of the 21st century, considering the A1B scenario. Moreover, we analyze how to best combine the available RCMs to obtain more reliable projections.  相似文献