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41.
BY FIDEL A. ROIG DAVID BARRIOPEDRO RICARDO GARCÍA HERRERA DANIEL PATÓN DOMINGUEZ SUSANA MONGE 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2009,91(2):141-157
Exactly dated ring-width chronologies derived from Pyrenean oak and sweet chestnut trees growing in northern Extremadura, Spain, were evaluated for their potential as proxies for regional precipitation and North Atlantic Oscillation variability. The relationships among tree-rings, instrumental climatic records, and three versions of the NAO index were computed for different time subperiods over the last century. The results indicate that tree-ring records reflect, with variable intensity, both short-term and long-term variations in climate. Multiple correlation and regression analysis revealed that summer precipitation appeared to be the major factor affecting tree growth at inter-annual timescales. Moreover, since fluctuations in accumulated variability in annual rainfall over southwest Iberia are controlled by winter precipitation, the accumulated rainfall (August of the year n -1 to July of year n ) and winter NAO indices are also strongly correlated with tree-ring records at interdecadal timescales. This relationship appears to be especially strong during the second half of the 20th century, which is consistent with an increase of the NAO signal in the annual precipitation during the later part of the century. These results indicate that tree-rings from western Iberia are potential proxies of the NAO variability, useful to be included in palaeoclimatic model studies. 相似文献
42.
The origin of two ridges on the eastern slopes of Mt Allen, southern Stewart Island, has remained equivocal, with differences of opinion over the exact process-mechanisms of formation. A variety of approaches was used to test a number of possible hypotheses about the origin of the ridges. These include topographic and spatial positioning, geomorphology, sedimentology and palaeoclimatological extrapolations to reconstruct two small former cirque glaciers with equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) of c. 600 m. It would appear the two ridges reflect a glacial origin, the glaciers interpreted as forming during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in New Zealand. Whilst glaciation during this time (18–19 ka) was extensive in the Southern Alps, the restricted nature of glaciation on Mt Allen suggests the low altitude restricted glaciation to niche sites on the lee side of upland areas. 相似文献
43.
MICHAEL P. MARANI FABIANO GAMBERI MAURO ROSI§ ANTONELLA BERTAGNINI‡ ALESSIO DI ROBERTO§‡ 《Sedimentology》2009,56(5):1488-1504
Stromboli is a 3000 m high island volcano, rising to 900 m above sea-level. It is the most active volcano of the Aeolian Archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy). Major, large volume (1 km3 ) sector collapses, four occurring in the last 13 kyr, have played an important role in shaping the north-western flank (Sciara del Fuoco) of the volcano, potentially generating a high-risk tsunami hazard for the Aeolian Islands and the Italian coast. However, smaller volume, partial collapses of the Sciara del Fuoco have been shown to be more frequent tsunami-generating events. One such event occurred on 30 December 2002, when a partial collapse of the north-western flank of the island took place. The resulting landslide generated 10 m high tsunami waves that impacted the island. Multibeam bathymetry, side-scan sonar imaging and visual observations reveal that the landslide deposited 25 to 30 × 106 m3 of sediment on the submerged slope offshore from the Sciara del Fuoco. Two contiguous main deposit facies are recognized: (i) a chaotic, coarse-grained (metre-sized to centimetre-sized clasts) deposit; and (ii) a sand deposit containing a lower, cross-bedded sand layer and an upper structureless pebbly sand bed capped by sea floor ripple bedforms. The sand facies develops adjacent to and partially overlying the coarse deposits. Characteristics of the deposits suggest that they were derived from cohesionless, sandy matrix density flows. Flow rheology and dynamics led to the segregation of the density flow into sand-rich and clast-rich regions. A range of density flow transitions, both in space and in time, caused principally by particle concentration and grain-size partitioning within cohesionless parent flows was identified in the deposits of this relatively small-scale submarine landslide event. 相似文献
44.
夏半年太平洋高压的平均变化,带著突变性质的增强和减弱,突然的增强发生6月到7月,而4月至6月更有逐渐减弱的趋向,到9月中旬以後则突然的减退.夏季西太平洋高压脊的东西进退和整个西风环流变化及西风环流的情况密切关连,同时太平洋高压本身也是西风环流及其变化的重要因素之一.当西风环流强时,太平洋高压比较强大,这时太平洋高压脊的变化很少,在西风环流小波动东移的过程中,太平洋高压脊只有微小的摆动.但西风带波动较大时,随着西风槽和高压脊的东移,太平洋高压脊便有了比较长时期的和明显的东退和西伸,它的周期一般都在5、6天左右.如果西风环流起了大型的变化,即西风环流由强转弱,再由弱转强,太平洋高压脊随之不断的东退和西伸,进退的范围可达30-40经距.它的周期较长,一般都在半个月的光景,最长的可达一个月,10天以内的很少.太平洋高压脊除了和西风带的环流,极地高压和低压槽有关外,也和它南边的气压系统,如台风和热带风暴有关. 相似文献
45.
关於海陆分布对大气环流的影响,有两派意见.一派著重於热力的影响,另一派则着重於动力的影响.对海洋而言,在冬季大陆可以看作冷源,在夏季则好似一热源.由於海洋上与大陆上受热不同的结果,冬季在西伯利亚可长期维持着一强大高压.关於冬夏季风的产生,一般也都认为是由於海陆受热不同的效果. 相似文献
46.
INTRODUCTION The specimens described in this paper were collected by Mr. Y. Y. Lee from the Meitien Limestone, Meitien, Ichang South Hunan. According to Mr. Lee this limestone occurs in isolated outcrops overlying the Lungtan 相似文献
47.
1. INTRODUCTION When inspecting the Choukoutien area in October 1933, under the direction of the late Dr. Davidson Black, the workmen brought to the attention of the members of the Cenozoic Laboratory a fossiliferous site which had 相似文献
48.
1. INTRODUCTION When inspecting the Choukoutien area in October 1933, under the direction of the late Dr. Davidson Black, the workmen brought to the attention of the members of the Cenozoic Laboratory a fossiliferous site which had 相似文献
49.
除去灰份将炭(定炭)烟(挥发份)及水(水份)三者之百分率重行计算各在三角图中定其位置,则每种石炭可以三角图中之一点代表之.上图即以此法表示中国二十馀种著名石炭之位置,及其相互关系.以此可为石炭分类之根据。 相似文献
50.
I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. Wurmkalk is the term given by von Richthofen to Conglomeraticlimestone in the Cambrain beds in North China. It is widely distributed is thenorthern provinces, vis., Fengtien, Shantung. Chihli, Shansi, Honan, etc. The 相似文献