Spatial structure of periodicity in the conifer tree radial increment in the Republic of Komi     

O. M. Raspopov  E. V. Lopatin  T. Kolström  V. A. Dergachev  P. B. Dmitriev  H. -P. Kahle  H. Spiecker 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2013,49(8):799-811

Spectral analysis of tree ring data sets of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was carried out to study the effects of climatic factors on the conifer tree radial growth in the territory of the Komi Republic. Analyses were performed for different natural subzones in the Komi Republic: the forest-tundra transition zone and the northern, middle, and southern taiga. The results show that several groups of periodicities can be found in the tree radial growth. One from groups of periodicities is related to internal processes in the atmosphere-ocean system; the other is related to the fluctuations in solar activity.  相似文献   

A late Pleistocene steppe bison (Bison priscus) partial carcass from Tsiigehtchic, Northwest Territories, Canada     

Grant D. Zazula  Glen MacKay  Thomas D. Andrews  Beth Shapiro  Brandon Letts  Fiona Brock 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(25-26):2734-2742

A partial steppe bison (Bison priscus) carcass was recovered at Tsiigehtchic, near the confluence of the Arctic Red and Mackenzie Rivers, Northwest Territories, Canada in September of 2007. The carcass includes a complete cranium with horn cores and sheaths, several complete post-cranial elements (many of which have some mummified soft tissue), intestines and a large piece of hide. A piece of metacarpal bone was subsampled and yielded an AMS radiocarbon age of 11,830 ± 45 ¹⁴C yr BP (OxA-18549). Mitochondrial DNA sequenced from a hair sample confirms that Tsiigehtchic steppe bison (Bison priscus) did not belong to the lineage that eventually gave rise to modern bison (Bison bison). This is the first radiocarbon dated Bison priscus in the Mackenzie River valley, and to our knowledge, the first reported Pleistocene mammal soft tissue remains from the glaciated regions of northern Canada. Investigation of the recovery site indicates that the steppe bison was released from the permafrost during a landslide within unconsolidated glacial outwash gravel. These data indicate that the lower Mackenzie River valley was ice free and inhabited by steppe bison by 11,800 ¹⁴C years ago. This date is important for the deglacial chronology of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and the opening of the northern portal to the Ice Free Corridor. The presence of steppe bison raises further potential for the discovery of more late Pleistocene fauna, and possibly archaeological evidence, in the region.  相似文献   

The alpine Swiss-French airborne gravity survey   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jérôme Verdun  Emile E. Klingelé  Roger Bayer  Marc Cocard  Alain Geiger  Hans-Gert Kahle 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,152(1):8-19

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Evapotranspiration in tidal marshes     

Beth H. Hussey  William E. Odum 《Estuaries and Coasts》1992,15(1):59-67

Field experiments were completed to determine patterns of evapotranspirative water loss from salt and tidal freshwater marshes in Virginia. Water losses from “Mariotte systems” attached to open-water lysimeters and lysimeters vegetated by dominant marsh macrophytes were used to calculate hourly rates of open-water evaporation (Eo) and evapotranspiration (ET), respectively, during low tide. In the tidal freshwater marsh, ET was significantly greater than Eo (p=0.002, n=6); in the salt marsh, there were no differences between mean rates of ET and Eo (p=0.200, n=3). The ratio ET:Eo was highly correlated with leaf area index (LAI) (r²=0.82). In the tidal freshwater marsh, the amount of water loss due to plant transpiration was partitioned from total evapotranspiration by covering the water surface of the lysimeters with styrofoam beads. Measured transpiration rates in the tidal freshwater marsh were strongly correlated with leaf area index according to the following linear regression equation: T=0.355(LAI)?0.084 (r²=0.797, n=10). Because LAI was shown to be a good predictor of the relative increase in ET over Eo, it is likely that in vegetated tidal freshwater marshes with high leaf densities most atmospheric water loss comes from plants, not from the surface of the marsh. In salt marshes, low plant densities do not contribute substantially to atmospheric water loss, suggesting that paths of water transport and patterns of solute concentration in the subsurface environment are different compard to the tidal freshwater marsh.  相似文献   

Absolute gravity measurements in Switzerland: Definition of a base network for geodynamic investigations and for the Swiss fundamental gravity net     

I. Marson  H. -G. Kahle  F. Chaperon  St. Mueller  F. Alasia 《Journal of Geodesy》1981,55(3):203-217

Summary Results of two absolute gravity surveys performed in Switzerland between 1978 and 1979 are presented and discussed in the framework of the uplift history of the Swiss Alps. Five absolute stations have been established as a contribution to the Swiss fundamental gravity net as well as to geodynamic investigations on the Alpine uplift. Two sites (Interlaken—Jungfraujoch) form the end points of a calibration line for field gravimeters. The gravity range of this line amounts to 605×10⁻⁵ ms⁻² (=605 mgal). It can be traversed in a relatively short time interval of less than 3 hours. Two other sites (Brig and Chur) are located in the area of the most negative gravity anomalies and highest uplift rates encountered in Switzerland. They serve as reference stations for a more extended gravity net for studying non—periodic secular gravity variations associated with the Alpine uplift. Institut für Geod?sie und Photogrammetrie, ETH-Zürich, Separata No. 13. Institut für Geophysik, ETH-Zürich, Contribution No. 333.  相似文献   

NEAR Infrared Spectrometer Photometry of Asteroid 433 Eros     

Beth E. ClarkP. Helfenstein  J.F. Bell IIIC. Peterson  J. VeverkaN.I. Izenberg  D. DomingueD. Wellnitz  Lucy McFadden 《Icarus》2002,155(1):189-204

We present near-infrared spectrometer (NIS) observations (0.8 to 2.4 μm) of the S-type asteroid 433 Eros obtained by the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft and report results of our Hapke photometric model analysis of data obtained at phase angles ranging from 1.2° to 111.0° and at spatial resolutions of 1.25×2.5 to 2.75×5.5 km/spectrum. Our Hapke model fits successfully to the NEAR spectroscopic data for systematic color variations that accompany changing viewing and illumination geometry. Model parameters imply a geometric albedo at 0.946 μm of 0.27±0.04, which corresponds to a geometric albedo at 0.550 μm of 0.25±0.05. We find that Eros exhibits phase reddening of up to 10% across the phase angle range of 0-100°. We observe a 10% increase in the 1-μm band depth at high phase angles. In contrast, we observe only a 5% increase in continuum slope from 1.486 to 2.363 μm and essentially no difference in the 2-μm band depth at higher phase angles. These contrasting phase effects imply that there are phase-dependent differences in the parametric measurements of 1- and 2-μm band areas, and in their ratio. The Hapke model fits suggest that Eros exhibits a weaker opposition surge than either 951 Gaspra or 243 Ida (the only other S-type asteroids for which we possess disk-resolved photometric observations). On average, we find that Eros at 0.946 μm has a higher geometric albedo and a higher single-scatter albedo than Gaspra or Ida at 0.56 μm; however, Eros's single-particle phase function asymmetry and average surface macroscopic roughness parameters are intermediate between Gaspra and Ida. Only two of the five Hapke model parameters exhibit a notable wavelength dependence: (1) The single-scatter albedo mimics the spectrum of Eros, and (2) there is a decrease in angular width of the opposition surge with increasing wavelength from 0.8 to 1.7 μm. Such opposition surge behavior is not adequately modeled with our shadow-hiding Hapke model, consistent with coherent backscattering phenomena near zero phase.  相似文献   

The Grayling Fingers region of Michigan: soils, sedimentology, stratigraphy and geomorphic development     

Randall J. Schaetzl  Beth N. Weisenborn 《Geomorphology》2004,61(3-4):251-274

This paper provides data on the landforms, soils, and sediments within a unique northern Michigan landscape known as the Grayling Fingers, and evaluates these data to develop various scenarios for the geomorphic development of this region. Composed of several large, flat-topped ridges that trend N–S, the physiography of the “Fingers” resembles a hand. Previously interpreted as “remnant moraines”, the Grayling Fingers are actually a Pleistocene constructional landscape that was later deeply incised by glacial meltwater. The sediments that comprise the Fingers form a generally planar assemblage, with thick (>100 m), sandy glacial outwash forming the lowest unit. Above the outwash are several meters of till that is remarkably similar in texture to the outwash below; thus, the region is best described as an incised ground moraine. Finally, a thin silty “cap” is preserved on the flattest, most stable uplands. This sediment package and the physiography of the Fingers are suggestive of geomorphic processes not previously envisioned for Michigan.Although precise dates are lacking, we nonetheless present possible sequences of geomorphic/sedimentologic processes for the Fingers. This area was probably a topographic high prior to the advance of marine isotope stage 2 (Woodfordian) ice. Much of the glacial outwash in the Fingers is probably associated with a stagnant, early Woodfordian ice margin, implying that this interlobate area remained ice-free and ice-marginal for long periods during stage 2. Woodfordian ice eventually covered the region and deposited 5–10 m of sandy basal till over the proglacial outwash plain. Small stream valleys on the outwash surface were palimpsested onto the till surface as the ice retreated, as kettle chains and as dry, upland valleys. The larger of these valleys were so deeply incised by meltwater that they formed the large, through-flowing Finger valleys. The silt cap that occupies stable uplands was probably imported into the region, while still glaciated. The Fingers region, a col on the ice surface, could have acted as a collection basin for silts brought in as loess or in superglacial meltwater. This sediment was let down as the ice melted and preserved only on certain geomorphically stable and fluvially isolated locations. This study demonstrates that the impact of Woodfordian ice in this region was mostly erosional, and suggests that Mississippi Valley loess may have indirectly impacted this region.  相似文献   

LNAPL in fine-grained soils: Conceptualization of saturation, distribution, recovery, and their modeling     

Mark Adamski  Victor Kremesec  Ravi Kolhatkar  Chris Pearson  Beth Rowan 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2005,25(1):100-112

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A Multilevel System for High-Resolution Monitoring in Rotasonic Boreholes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Beth L. Parker  John A. Cherry  Benjamin J. Swanson 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2006,26(4):57-73

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A modified least-squares collocation method for the determination of crustal deformation: first results in the Swiss Alps   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Egli  A. Geiger  A. Wiget  H.-G. Kahle 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(1):1-12

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