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21.
Bjarne Holm Jakobsen Ph.D. 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):111-115
Jakobsen, Bjarne Holm: Preliminary Studies of Soils in North- East Greenland between 74° and 75° Northern Latitude. Geografisk Tidsskrift 92:111–115. Copenhagen 1992. The geography of soils has been studied in north-east Greenland between latitudes 74° and 75° N. The study ranges from the outer coast to the interior of the ice-free land area. Well-drained soils show a characteristic sequence determined by the east-west climatic gradient. Fossil soil characteristics and secondary formed features supply information on the palaeoclimate. 相似文献
22.
Hans Christian Gulløv Jørn Bjarke Torp Pedersen Bjarne Holm Jakobsen Aart Kroon 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):357-371
Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):357–363, 2010 Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):365–371, 2010 相似文献
23.
Sebastian H. Mernild Bent Hasholt Bjarne H. Jakobsen Birger U. Hansen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):153-161
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 108(1):153–161, 2008 Meteorological stations have been in operation since 1993 at the Sermilik Research Station (65°40′N, 38°10′W), Ammassalik Island, Southeast Greenland. This note presents meteorological observations for the calendar year 2006 from the two meteorological stations: Station Nunatak (515 m a.s.l.) and Station Coast (25 m a.s.l.). The year 2006 record is not complete due to a temporal break down of Station Coast (from end-of June through beginning of August). Special focus is given to ground temperature measurements at the meteorological Station Nunatak (1994–2006) 0.1 and 0.3 m below the surface. Data are presented to illustrate the intra- and inter-annual temperature variability and possible trends in the upper part of the soil. 相似文献
24.
Bjarne Kjøllmoen & Gunnar Østrem 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1997,79(3):195-200
When the Norwegian State Power Board decided to plan an extensive water power development in the mountainous areas southeast of Narvik in northern Norway, a large mapping project was started. Detailed maps were constructed at a scale of 1:10 000 from aerial photographs taken in 1960. Several hydrometric stations were installed, and three glaciers were selected for mass balance observations. Storsteinsfjellbreen was the largest of these, and a special glacier map with 10 m contours was printed in four colours, to be used in the field work. Mass balance studies were carried out initially during one 5-year period (1964–68), and also later during another 5-year period (1991–95).
Results from these periods are compared with similar data from the Swedish glacier Storglaciären, about 45 km to the southeast. For all the years except one (1968), the net balance of these glaciers shows a similar pattern: positive years and negative years are synchronous.
A new glacier map was made from a special aerial survey in 1993 at the same scale and of similar accuracy as the first map, so a comparison could be made to calculate the change in glacier volume from 1960 to 1993. From digital terrain models it could be shown that the glacier surface had dropped more than 60 m vertically on the tongue, while the thickness increased above the equilibrium line by up to 20 m. The overall mass loss amounted to 16.8×106 m3 water during 33 years, which corresponds to an extra 2.6 l·s−1 ·km−2 (litres per sec. per sq. km) delivered to the river, in addition to the "normal" discharge
due to annual precipitation, which is 36 l·s−1 ·km−2 in the area.
A copy of the new glacier map is enclosed with this article. 相似文献
Results from these periods are compared with similar data from the Swedish glacier Storglaciären, about 45 km to the southeast. For all the years except one (1968), the net balance of these glaciers shows a similar pattern: positive years and negative years are synchronous.
A new glacier map was made from a special aerial survey in 1993 at the same scale and of similar accuracy as the first map, so a comparison could be made to calculate the change in glacier volume from 1960 to 1993. From digital terrain models it could be shown that the glacier surface had dropped more than 60 m vertically on the tongue, while the thickness increased above the equilibrium line by up to 20 m. The overall mass loss amounted to 16.8×10
due to annual precipitation, which is 36 l·s
A copy of the new glacier map is enclosed with this article. 相似文献
25.
With cities being responsible for up to 70% of energy-related carbon emissions, municipal governments worldwide are becoming increasingly aware of their responsibility to act. Many large cities have committed to mitigation by becoming member of a municipal climate network, such as the C40 or the Compact of Mayors. However, there is no consistent assessment of whether membership of such networks translates into measurable outcomes. To fill this gap, we propose the use of novel outcome variables, combining financial data with geospatial information. As a starting point, this paper compares utility-scale investment in photovoltaics (PV) within the administrative boundaries of large global cities, combining the Bloomberg New Energy Finance database with information from Google Maps. We analyse 512 global cities with a population of above 1 million, and consider the impact of 5 networks and 2 reporting platforms. The results suggest that membership of the C40 network has a positive effect on utility-scale solar PV investment, while no such evidence is found for any of the other networks or reporting platforms under study. Based on our findings, we recommend that municipal climate networks increase their efforts to trigger city regulation that is conducive to solar PV investment. More generally, measuring early indicators, such as low-carbon investment, can help municipal climate networks in their role as ‘commitment brokers’ for climate action on the ever-more important city level.
Key policy insights
Cities have considerable policy space to foster utility-scale solar PV investment within their administrative boundaries.
While some large global cities exhibited significant growth in utility-scale solar PV, many others with good solar potential did not have a single project by the end of 2016.
Outside of China (where city boundaries often include rural areas), Tokyo tops the list with utility-scale solar PV projects by far, followed by San Diego and Rome.
Membership of the C40 network appears to make a positive difference to PV investment, unlike other networks or reporting platforms.
Outcome measures like low-carbon investment can be used more generally to assess the climate action performance of cities.
26.
The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility has been proven to be an excellent indicator for mineral fabrics and therefore deformation
in a rock or sediment. Low-field anisotropy is relatively rapid to measure so that a sufficient number of samples can be measured
to obtain a good statistical representation of the magnetic fabric. The physical properties of individual minerals that contribute
to the observed magnetic fabric include bulk susceptibility and intrinsic anisotropy of the mineral phase, its volume concentration,
and its degree of alignment. Several techniques have been developed to separate magnetic subfabrics arising from magnetization
types, i.e., ferrimagnetism, antiferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism. Susceptibility anisotropy can be measured
in low or high fields and at different temperatures in order to isolate a particular subfabric. Measuring the anisotropy of
a remanent magnetization can also isolate ferrimagnetic fabrics. A series of case studies are presented that exemplify the
value of isolating magnetic subfabrics in a geological context. It is particularly useful in rocks that carry a paramagnetic
and diamagnetic subfabric of similar magnitude, such that they negate one another. Further examples are provided for purely
paramagnetic subfabrics and cases where a ferrimagnetic subfabric is also identified. 相似文献
27.
28.
Aart Kroon Bjarne Holm Jakobsen Jørn Bjarke Torp Pedersen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):143-154
Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):143–154, 2010 Inuit have travelled to and settled in the coastal landscapes of Northeast Greenland for several longer periods during the latest ca. 4500 years. Most recently the Thule culture Inuit lived in the region from around 1400 until 1850 AD. The access to partly and periodically ice covered near coastal waters has been crucial to the primarily marine based subsistence strategy of the Thule Inuit culture, and their settlements are therefore found immediately at the coast. Changing geological and geomorphologic settings strongly influence the coastal morphodynamics, and only specific locations offer stable and protected conditions needed for proper winter settlements. The comprehensive study of coastal environments and Thule culture winter settlements in the Young Sound region show an accumulation of winter settlements, nearly all located either in protected pocket beaches or on stable basalt capes. The Thule culture abandoned Northeast Greenland about 1850 AD, and apart from settlements on basalt capes, most of the winter settlement sites in pocket beach areas have been affected by erosion of local character and in some cases also affected by increasing wave erosion during recent periods of less ice in near coastal waters. 相似文献
29.
The Danish Maritime Safety Administration (DaMSA) provides forecast of elevations, currents, and other parameters to the maritime
society. Accurate and reliable predictions are important to help navigate Danish waters in a safe manner, and the forecasts
are routinely used by the Vessel Traffic Services in the Great Belt and the Sound. The DaMSA model setup includes three nested
models, with coarse resolution in the North Atlantic and increasing to 600 m in the Belt Sea and South West Baltic. Observations
of some special events in late 2009 drew attention to a possible relation between Atlantic-scale surge events and small-scale
currents in the Danish Straits. During the special event with large-scale surge, the observed southward moving current in
the Danish Straits was 0.5–2.0 m/s for several days, while the operational model showed a much smaller response. As a consequence,
the entire DaMSA model complex was revised during 2010. Multi-annual reruns have showed that with the updated model, the explained
variance of the current increases from 67% to 88%. 相似文献
30.
A kerosene type hydrocarbon fraction (equivalent to 7 L m(-2)) was added to enclosures in the surface layer of high-arctic intertidal beach sediment. The experimental spill was repeated in two consecutive years in the period July-September. The rate and extent of hydrocarbon removal and the accompanying bacterial response were monitored for 79 days (2002) and 78 days (2003). The bulk of added kerosene, i.e. 94-98%, was lost from the upper 5 cm layer by putatively abiotic processes within 2 days and a residual fraction in the range 0.6-1.2mg per g dry sediment was stably retained. Concomitant addition of oleophilic fertilizer led to higher initial retention, as 24% of the kerosene remained after 2 days in the presence of a modified, cold-climate adapted version of the well-known Inipol EAP 22 bioremediation agent. In these enclosures, which showed an increase in hydrocarbon-degrader counts from 6.5 x 10(3) to 4.1 x 10(7) per g dry sediment within 8 days, a 17% contribution by biodegradation to subsequent hydrocarbon removal was estimated. Stimulation in hydrocarbon-degrader counts in fertilizer-alone control enclosures was indistinguishable from the stimulation observed with both kerosene and fertilizer present, suggesting that the dynamics in numbers of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria was primarily impacted by the bioremediation agent. 相似文献