A Numerical Investigation on Microphysical Properties of Clouds and Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer 2014     

Jie TANG  Xueliang GUO  Yi CHANG 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(3):463-477

In order to improve our understanding of microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), six cloud and precipitation processes with different intensities during the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment (TIPEX-Ⅲ) from 3 July to 25 July 2014 in Naqu region of the TP are investigated by using the high-resolution mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show unique properties of summertime clouds and precipitation processes over the TP. The initiation process of clouds is closely associated with strong solar radiative heating in the daytime, and summertime clouds and precipitation show an obvious diurnal variation. Generally, convective clouds would transform into stratiform clouds with an obvious bright band and often produce strong rainfall in midnight. The maximum cloud top can reach more than 15 km above sea level and the velocity of updraft ranges from 10 to 40 m s-1. The simulations show high amount of supercooled water content primarily located between 0 and -20℃ layer in all the six cases. Ice crystals mainly form above the level of -20℃ and even appear above the level of -40℃ within strong convective clouds. Rainwater mostly appears below the melting layer, indicating that its formation mainly depends on the melting process of precipitable ice particles. Snow and graupel particles have the characteristics of high content and deep vertical distribution, showing that the ice phase process is very active in the development of clouds and precipitation. The conversion and formation of hydrometeors and precipitation over the plateau exhibit obvious characteristics. Surface precipitation is mainly formed by the melting of graupel particles. Although the warm cloud microphysical process has less direct contribution to the formation of surface precipitation, it is important for the formation of supercooled raindrops, which are essential for the formation of graupel embryos through heterogeneous freezing process. The growth of graupel particles mainly relies on the riming process with supercooled cloud water and aggregation of snow particles.  相似文献   

1822号“山竹”台风龙卷过程观测与预警分析     

黄先香  炎利军  王硕甫  蔡康龙  余乐福 《热带气象学报》2019,35(4):458-469

2018年9月17日09:37—10:00,在登陆台风“山竹”外围螺旋雨带中,广东省佛山市三水区到肇庆市四会区发生了EF2级强龙卷,龙卷路径长度18 km,持续时间23 min,平均时速47 km/h,导致不少建筑物损毁。本次过程佛山市进行了龙卷预警试验,提前37 min发布了龙卷预警,龙卷没有造成人员伤亡。利用观测资料对产生强龙卷的环境场特征、地面自动站和雷达观测的中小尺度特征以及龙卷预警试验进行了分析,结果表明:产生龙卷的微型超级单体出现在台风外围和副高边缘之间的强东南急流中,具有低层辐合、高层辐散、水汽充足等典型台风外围龙卷环流形势特征;强的低空0~1 km垂直风切变、大的风暴相对螺旋度和低的抬升凝结高度等环境条件利于龙卷的生成;龙卷影响时,邻近地面自动气象站观测要素表现出明显的信号,瞬时大风和最低气压的极值区呈东南至西北向带状分布,与龙卷路径一致,龙卷过境前后,单站气压“漏斗”明显,5 min降压/升压幅度达-2.5 hPa/+2.1 hPa;广州多普勒天气雷达探测到龙卷母体风暴的低层钩状回波和入流缺口特征,以及低层强中气旋和类TVS特征。预警试验初步表明,对台风龙卷高发区,在环境场有利情况下,若低层出现中等或以上强度中气旋,其底高在1 km以下,可以考虑发布龙卷预警。   相似文献   

Low-Temperature Eclogites and Eclogitic Schists in Mn-rich Metabasites in Ward Creek, California; Mn and Fe Effects on the Transition between Blueschist and Eclogite   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

OH  CHANG W.; LIOU  J. G.; MARUYAMA  S. 《Journal of Petrology》1991,32(2):275-302

In situ eclogitic schist lenses occur in the coherent low-gradeepidote-zone Ward Creek metabasite unit of the Central Franciscanbelt. They contain almandine garnet, clinopyroxene, and rutile.They have slightly higher Mn content (0–5–1–0wt.%) than the coexisting Type III metabasites (0–12–0–25wt%) which contain epidote + glaucophane + actinolite + chlorite+ omphacite + quartz + sphene ? aragonite? lawsonite ? pumpellyite+ albite. The in situ eclogitic schists (130–140 Ma) canbe distinguished from older tectonic eclogites (150–160Ma) in Ward Creek as follows: (1) they are medium grained, whereasType IV tectonic eclogites are coarse grained; (2) they haveunaltered spessartine-rich idioblastic (0–4–10 mm)garnets, whereas Type IV tectonic eclogites have larger xenoblasticto hypidiomorphic spessartine-poor garnets which were corrodedand chloritized along the rim during retrograde metamorphism;(3) clinopyroxenes are chloromelanite in in situ eclogitic schistsbut omphacite in Type IV tectonic eclogites; (4) barroisiticamphiboles occur both as inclusions in garnets and as matrixminerals in Type IV tectonic eclogites but not in in situ eclogiticschists; (5) albite is present in in situ eclogitic schistsbut not in Type IV tectonic eclogites; and (6) the estimatedP-T condition of in situ eclogitic schists is 290 ?C < T<350 ?C, P = 8–9 kb, whereas that of Ward Creek Type IVtectonic eclogites is 500?C< r<540?C, P< 10–11–5kb. Medium-grained eclogites occur as individual blocks in WardCreek; they are different from Type IV tectonic eclogites butare very similar to in situ eclogitic schists. They have unalteredidioblastic garnet with high almandine and spessartine content(Alm₄₇Sp₂3Gr₂₀Py10), and they have chloromel-anitic clinopyroxeneand quartz but no barroisite. Paragonite is also stable in theseeclogites. The blocks formed at 380 ?C< r<400?C, and 9–5kb<P< 14 kb. They are presumably in situ eclogites formedat the highest-temperature part of the Ward Creek metabasiteunit and may be younger than Type IV tectonic eclogites. Such low-temperature occurrences of eclogitic assemblages aredue to the compositional effect on reactions between blueschistand eclogite that are insensitive to pressure and shift towardslower temperatures as bulk-rock MnO content and X_Fe/(Fe+Mg)increase. The Mn/(Mn + Fe) ratio of bulk rock is an importantfactor in controlling the P-T positions of these reactions attemperatures below 450 ?C, whereas the Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio ofbulk-rock becomes important at temperatures higher than 450?C.  相似文献   

L₁相关速度谱     

范京  李衍达 《地球物理学报》1989,32(2):191-202

本文提出了L_p相关的基本概念、定义及性质。特别分析了P=1的L₁相关与普通相关不同的特点,并将之应用于地震信号速度谱分析。本文分析了速度信息寄载于地震记录中的基本特点,并采用L₁相关技术进行速度分析。结果表明,它比普通相关及符号位相关能更充分地提取地震信号中的速度信息,从而提高速度谱的质量和抗干扰能力。L₁相关不用乘法运算,因而大大减少了运算量。 使用新方法和普通方法对理论模型和实际地震信号进行对比研究,结果说明新方法的改善效果是明显的。  相似文献   

中国西部地区门源-平凉-渭南地震测深剖面资料的分析解释   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

张少泉  武利均  郭建明  陈学波  赵静娴  丁韫玉  黄长林  张诚  陈志泰 《地球物理学报》1985,28(5):460-472

本文所处理的地震测深剖面资料,是一条途经陕、甘、宁、青四省,由7个炮点和12个记录分支组成的、全长约970km的地壳折射资料。 本文通过走时反演、射线追踪和合成地震图等分析解释手段,给出各分支的结构参数和全测线的横向变化。整个地壳大体分四层,其参数为 H₁=3.32±1.01 km,V₁=4.35±0.79 km; H₂=11.79±2.77 km,V₂=6.06±0.24 km; H₃=11.58±4.32 km,V₃=6.35±0.26 km; H₄=17.64±7.25 km,V₄=6.52±0.57 km. 地壳总厚度为45.60±11.01km.莫氏面自西向东逐渐变浅,在西段较为平缓,在中段和东段起伏较大,似乎显示出一个上端略宽、下端略窄的“U”形构造.这种构造有助于说明该区的大地构造特点和地震孕育的深部条件.  相似文献   

非均匀运动等离子体中波传播的边值问题          下载免费PDF全文

常满  张雁征 《地球物理学报》1985,28(1):7-14

本文使用热等离子体模型,研究了电磁波和电声波在具有非均匀电子密度剖面和非均匀速度剖面等离子体层中,斜入射波的非相对论性的传播过程,求得了传播方程边值问题的数值解。同时讨论了由于引入等离子体运动速度V₀以后对截止频率和可传播角度的影响。  相似文献   

海面电磁波散射的数值仿真   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

常满  郭秀梅 《地球物理学报》1986,29(2):124-132

本文采用数值仿真的方法,在双尺度海浪模型下,在计算机上进行了电磁波与海浪相互作用过程的数值实验。计算了VV和HH极化波散射系数与入射角度、风速、风向等海况参数间的关系,并将计算结果与美国海军研究实验室（NRL）的四频率雷达测试数据做了比较,我们的结果比N.W.Guinard and J.C.Daley计算结果有明显改进。  相似文献   

地震序列较强余震灰色及最小二乘拟合预测方法的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

平建军  刘荣环  贾炯  曹肃朝  王立军 《华北地震科学》2005,23(1):6-13

在收集、整理1966年～2002年8月我国(主要为大陆地区)183个5级以上地震序列资料的基础上，应用灰色预测和最小二乘拟合预测方法，对每一地震序列较强(显著)余震发震时间进行“硬性”检验预测。结果表明，2种预测方法对7级以上地震序列和6级地震序列的较强(显著)余震具有较好的预测效能，预测效能分别为76．2％和64．7％；而对5级地震序列预测效果则不甚明显。因此，灰色预测和最小二乘拟合预测方法主要着眼于对大(强)地震的较强(显著)余震预测，可望在地震现场大(强)震应急工作中发挥积极作用。  相似文献   

环境空气中的气溶胶污染的影响分析     

常凤池 《矿产与地质》2005,19(6):728-729,731

环境空气中气溶胶粒子是由极性气体凝聚而成,呈三峰型分布.对其空气中溶胶粒子,特别是可吸入粒子的成分,气溶胶态、粒径大小、浓度等对人体健康危害进行了分析研究.  相似文献   

滇西北金沙江带中基性火山岩的地球化学特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

谢静  朱炳泉  常向阳 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2005,24(4):299-308

对滇西北金沙江带出露的东竹林火山岩、辉长岩和奔子栏、维西攀天阁、石鼓地区中基性火山岩进行了系统的主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素的地球化学研究,并对东竹林辉长岩进行了Sm-Nd等时线年龄的测定,以探讨金沙江地区的大地构造背景及其演化.研究表明,金沙江带出露的从泥盆纪到三叠纪的火山岩形成于弧后盆地、初始裂谷和岛弧等各种不同的构造环境.研究为金沙江带构造演化的多次裂开,多次俯冲消减的多岛洋模式提供了新的证据.  相似文献