Solar line blocking for disk-center and disk-averaged radiation from 3300 to 6860 Å     

Heinz Neckel  Dietrich Labs 《Solar physics》1985,95(2):229-238

The line blocking is tabulated for 10 Å ( < 6300 Å) or 20 Å ( > 6300 Å) wide intervals. It follows from the spectral averages and the local continuum derived by Neckel and Labs from high-resolution Fourier transform spectra, which had been obtained by J. Brault at Kitt Peak. The internal accuracy (the scatter) is in the order of 0.1%. Significant systematic errors arising from local distortions of the adopted continuum level can be excluded. Larger errors are to be expected only near the Balmer limit, where the localization of the continuum is very ambiguous.  相似文献   

Regional geoid determination in Antarctica utilizing airborne gravity and topography data   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Mirko Scheinert  Jan Müller  Reinhard Dietrich  Detlef Damaske  Volkmar Damm 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(7):403-414

Antarctica is the only continent that suffers major gaps in terrestrial gravity data coverage. To overcome this problem and to close these gaps as well as to densify the global satellite gravity field solutions, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Commission Project 2.4 “Antarctic Geoid” was set into action. This paper reviews the current situation concerning the gravity field in Antarctica. It is shown that airborne geophysical surveys are the most promising tools to gain new gravity data in Antarctica. In this context, a number of projects to be carried out during the International Polar Year 2007/2008 will contribute to this goal. To demonstrate the feasibility of the regional geoid improvement in Antarctica, we present a case study using gravity and topography data of the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. During the processing, the remove–compute– restore (RCR) technique and least-squares collocation (LSC) were applied. Adding signal parts of up to 6 m to the global gravity field model that was used as a basis, the calculated regional quasigeoid reveals the dominant features of bedrock topography in that region, namely the graben structure of the Lambert glacier system. The accuracy of the improved regional quasigeoid is estimated to be at the level of 15 cm.  相似文献   

Geothermal gradients and heat flow in the Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin,Arctic Canada     

F. W. Jones  J. A. Majorowicz  J. Dietrich  A. M. Jessop 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,134(3):473-483

Thermal gradients have been calculated and heat flow estimates made for 34 petroleum exploration wells along four regional profiles crossing the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin of northern Canada. The geothermal gradients vary from 22 mKm^–1 to 44 mKm^–1. Four sets of possible thermal conductivity values were used to calculate a range of heat flow values for each well. Generally low heat flow is observed in wells within the deeper portions of the basin and higher heat flow values occur in wells along the Aklavik Arch Complex which forms the southeastern margin of the basin.The contribution to heat flow by heat generation below the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin fill sediments has been considered. The heat flow contribution from sub-Mesozoic sedimentary strata and underlying basement is highest along the basin-bounding Aklavik Arch Complex. The decrease in heat flow from below the basin fill sediments toward the basin depocenter may be related to basinward crustal thinning and corresponding reductions in intra-crustal radiogenic heat production.  相似文献   

Agent-based simulation for biogas power plant potential in Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis,Germany: a step towards better economy     

Hafiz Ali Imran  Dietrich Schröder  Bilal Ahmed Munir 《国际地球制图》2017,32(1):59-70

Over the past decade, political framework in the energy sector all over the world has provoked a strong focus on the production of renewable energies. The study focuses on agent-based modelling approach to identify the suitable and economical distribution of biogas power plants over time in the area of interest. For sufficient supply of biomass (silage maize) on a regional basis to run biogas power plants economically and smoothly, different thematic layers with defined rules for Agent Analyst used to simulate the future installations of power plants. In conjunction with ArcGIS, the Agent Analyst software generates simulations that prove the robustness of the model in finding the suitable location of power plants. The resultant location from the model is analysed in different aspects. The designed methodology could be implemented in other areas with minor edits as per requirement of the area.  相似文献   

Über systematische Fehler in den beobachteten Wasser- und Lufttemperaturen auf dem Meere und über ihre Auswirkung auf die Bestimmung des Wärmeumsatzes zwischen Ozean und Atmosphäre     

Günter Dietrich 《Ocean Dynamics》1950,3(5-6):314-324

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Der eurasiatische Polarsektor     

Dietrich Gurlitt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1940,31(1-2):79-82

Ohne ZusammenfassungWährend der Drucklegung erhalten wir die ersten Berichte über vorläufige Ergebnisse der noch nicht abgeschlossenen Südpolarexpedition AdmiralByrds. Danach hatByrd den, dem Stillen Ozean zugewandten Quadranten der Küste Antarktikas beflogen und von der Luft aus kartographisch festgelegt eine Strecke von 1200 Meilen zwischen Mary Byrd's Land und Hearst-Land. Dabei wurden große und hohe Gebirgsketten und ein ausgedehnter, von Gletschern umringter See entdeckt. Damit scheint die schon länger vermutete Verbindung der jungen peripazifischen Kettengebirge zwischen Neu-Seeland und Südamerika auf ein wesentliches Mittelglied gestützt zu werden. Zugleich nimmt die eigentümliche Asymmetrie des antarktischen Hochgebietes festere Gestalt an, im gleichen Augenblick, wo auch das arktische Tief gebiet am andern Ende der Erdachse, in übrigens auffallend spiegelbildlicher Weise, länger und exzentrischer wird.  相似文献   

Aus Alexander v. Humboldts russischer Reise vor 111 Jahren     

Dietrich Gurlitt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1940,31(7-8):495-497

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Reconstruction of environmental histories to investigate patterns of larval radiated shanny (Ulvaria subbifurcata) growth and selective survival in a large bay of Newfoundland     

Baumann  Hannes; Pepin  Pierre; Davidson  Fraser J.M; Mowbray  Fran; Schnack  Dietrich; Dower  John F 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2003,60(2):243-258

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Growth conditions of manganese nodules comparative studies of growth rate, magnetization, chemical composition and internal structure     

Dietrich Heye 《Progress in Oceanography》1978,7(5-6)

Twenty-four manganese nodules from the surface of the sea floor and fifteen buried nodules were studied. With three exceptions, the nodules were collected from the area covered by Valdivia Cruise VA 04 some 1200 nautical miles southeast of Hawaii.Age determinations were made using the ionium method. In order to get a true reproduction of the activity distribution in the nodules, they were cut in half and placed for one month on nuclear emulsion plates to determine the α-activity of the ionium and its daughter products. Special methods of counting the α-tracks resolution to depth intervals of 0.125 mm. For the first time it was possible to resolve zones of rapid growth (impulse growth) with growth rates, s > 50 mm/10⁶ yr and interruptions in growth. With few exceptions the average rate of growth of all nodules was surprisingly uniform at 4–9 mm/¹⁰ yr. No growth could be recognized radioactively in the buried nodules. One exceptional nodule has had recent impulse growth and, in the material formed, the ionium is not yet in equilibrium with its daughter products. Individual layers in one nodule from the Indian Ocean could be dated and an average time interval of t = 2600±400 yr was necessary to form one layer. The alternation between iron and manganese-rich parts of the nodules was made visible by colour differences resulting from special treatment of cut surfaces with HCl vapour. The zones of slow growth of one nodule are relatively enriched in iron.Earlier attempts to find paleomagnetic reversals in manganese nodules have been continued. Despite considerable improvement in areal resolution, reversals were not detected in the nodules studied. Comparisons of the surface structure, microstructure in section and the radiometric dating show that there are erosion surfaces and growth surfaces on the outer surfaces of the manganese nodules. The formation of cracks in the nodules was studied in particular. The model of age-dependent nodule shrinkage and cracking surprisingly indicates that the nodules break after exceeding a certain age and/or size. Consequently, the breaking apart of manganese nodules is a continuous process not of catastrophic or discontinuous origin. The microstructure of the nodules exhibits differences in the mechanism of accretion and accretion rate of material, shortly referred to as accretion form. Thus non-directional growth inside the nodules as well as a directional growth may be observed. Those nodules with large accretion forms have grown faster than smaller ones. Consequently, parallel layers indicate slow growth. The upper surfaces of the nodules, protruding into the bottom water appear to be more prone to growth disturbances than the lower surfaces, immersed in the sediment. Features of some nodules show, that as they develop, they neither turned nor rolled. Yet unknown is the mechanism that keeps the nodules at the surface during continuous sedimentation. All in all, the nodules remain the objects of their own distinctive problems. The hope of using them as a kind of history book still seems to be very remote.  相似文献   

Magmatic evolution of the Easter microplate-Crough Seamount region (South East Pacific)     

Roger Hekinian  Peter Stoffers  Dietrich Akermand  Nicolas Binard  Jean Francheteau  Colin Devey  Dieter Garbe-Schönberg 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1995,17(4):375-397

The Easter microplate-Crough Seamount region located between 25° S–116° W and 25° S–122° W consists of a chain of seamounts forming isolated volcanoes and elongated (100–200 km in length) en echelon volcanic ridges oriented obliquely NE (N 065°), to the present day general spreading direction (N 100°) of the Pacific-Nazca plates. The extension of this seamount chain into the southwestern edge of the Easter microplate near 26°30 S–115° W was surveyed and sampled. The southern boundary including the Orongo fracture zone and other shallow ridges (< 2000 m high) bounding the Southwest Rift of the microplate consists of fault scarps where pillow lava, dolerite, and metabasalts are exposed. The degree of rock alternation inferred from palagonitization of glassy margins suggests that the volcanic ridges are as old as the shallow ridges bounding the Southwest Rift of the microplate. The volcanics found on the various structures west of the microplate consist of depleted (K/Ti < 0.1), transitional (K/Ti = 0.11–0.25) and enriched (K/Ti > 0.25) MORBs which are similar in composition to other more recent basalts from the Southwest and East Rifts spreading axes of the Easter microplate. Incompatible element ratios normalized to chondrite values [(Ce/Yb)_N = 1–2.5}, {(La/Sm)_N = 0.4–1.2} and {(Zr/Y)_N = 0.7–2.5} of the basalts are also similar to present day volcanism found in the Easter microplate. The volcanics from the Easter microplate-Crough region are unrelated to other known South Pacific intraplate magmatism (i.e. Society, Pitcairn, and Salas y Gomez Islands). Instead their range in incompatible element ratios is comparable to the submarine basalts from the recently investigated Ahu and Umu volcanic field (Easter hotspot) (Scientific Party SO80, 1993) and centered at about 80 km west of Easter Island. The oblique ridges and their associated seamounts are likely to represent ancient leaky transform faults created during the initial stage of the Easter microplate formation ( 5 Ma). It appears that volcanic activity on seamounts overlying the oblique volcanic ridges has continued during their westward drift from the microplate as shown by the presence of relatively fresh lava observed on one of these structures, namely the first Oblique Volcanic Ridge near 25° S–118° W at about 160 km west of the Easter microplate West Rift. Based on a reconstruction of the Easter microplate, it is suggested that the Crough seamount (< 800 m depth) was formed by earlier (7–10 Ma) hotspot magmatic activity which also created Easter Island.  相似文献