L’attivià dello Stromboli dal 1934 al 1936     

Domenico Abbruzzese 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1937,2(1):205-210

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Ensemble smoothing of land subsidence measurements for reservoir geomechanical characterization          下载免费PDF全文

Domenico Baù  Massimiliano Ferronato  Giuseppe Gambolati  Pietro Teatini  Ayman Alzraiee 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(2):207-228

Geomechanical models are often used to predict the impact on land surface of fluid withdrawal from deep reservoirs, as well as investigating measures for mitigation. The ability to accurately simulate surface displacements, however, is often impaired by limited information on the geomechanical parameters characterizing the geological formations of interest. In this study, we employ an ensemble smoother, a data assimilation algorithm, to provide improved estimates of reservoir parameters through assimilation of measurements of both horizontal and vertical surface displacement into geomechanical model results. The method leverages the demonstrated potential of remote sensing techniques developed in the last decade to provide accurate displacement data for large areas of the land surface. For evaluation purposes, the methodology is applied to the case of a disk‐shaped reservoir embedded in a homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic half space, subject to a uniform change in fluid pressure. Multiple sources of uncertainty are investigated, including the radius, R, the thickness, h, and the depth, c, of the reservoir; the pore pressure change, Δp; porous medium's vertical uniaxial compressibility, c_M, and Poisson's ratio, ν, and the ratio, s, between the compressibilities of the medium during loading and unloading cycles. Results from all simulations show that the ensemble smoother has the capability to effectively reduce the uncertainty associated with those parameters to which the variability and the spatial distribution of land surface displacements are most sensitive, namely, R, c, c_M, and s. These analyses demonstrate that the estimation of these parameters values depends on the number of measurements assimilated and the error assigned to the measurement values. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Time-dependent degradation of biotic carbonates and the search for past life on Mars     

Vincenzo Orofino  Armando Blanco  Marcella D’Elia  Sergio Fonti  Domenico Licchelli 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(5-6):632-639

Searching for traces of extinct and/or extant life on the surface of Mars is one of the major objectives for remote-sensing and in-situ exploration of the planet. In the present paper we study the infrared (IR) spectral modifications induced by thermal processing on differently preserved calcium carbonate fossils, in order to discriminate them from their abiotic counterparts.The main conclusion of this study is that the degree of alteration of the fossils, derived from IR spectral analysis, seems to be well correlated with the sample age, and that terrestrial fossils after a billion years are so altered that it becomes impossible to trace their biotic origin. Since it is reasonable to assume that the putative Martian fossils should be at least 3.5 billion years old, this would imply that our spectroscopic method could not be able to detect them, if their degradation rate were the same as that we have found in usual conditions for the terrestrial fossils. However, due to the different climate evolution of the two planets, there is the possibility of having two different degradation rates, much lower for Mars than for Earth, especially if the fossils are embedded in a protective layer, such as a clay deposit. In this case IR spectroscopy, coupled with thermal processing, can be a useful tool for discriminating between abiotic and biotic (fossil) carbonate samples collected on the Martian surface.  相似文献   

A new approach to landslide geomorphological mapping using the Open Source software in the Olvera area (Cadiz, Spain)     

Franco Mantovani  Francisco Javier Gracia  Pietro Domenico de Cosmo  Andrea Suma 《Landslides》2010,7(1):69-74

This paper presents the preliminary results of a geomorphological survey of the Olvera area (Cadiz province, Betic Ranges, Spain) and the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) Open Source (OS) software plus Database Management System (DBMS) for making available and distributing the landslide data over the Web. In the geomorphologic survey, different landforms have been identified in the area, including structural, anthropogenic, fluvial, karst, and slope forms. In particular, the majority of the slope forms are complex (from topple to rotational slides and falls), but there are also minor forms like debris flows and mudslides. To manage geomorphological data, an Open Source GIS was used, which contained the following components: QuantumGIS, System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA), GIS and Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), GIS for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation. A key aim was to make the project-derived data available over the Web. This was achieved using MapServer which allows for the representation of the derived geospatial data with pMapper providing the graphical Web interface. Our study highlights the process dynamics of run-off erosion in Olvera derived through the use of advanced computer-based mapping tools. The resulting map products and interpretations are available via the Internet. To date, derivative maps have been produced to improve maintenance of roads and transport and of the construction of new infrastructure.  相似文献   

Gravity probability tomography: a new tool for buried mass distribution imaging   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Paolo Mauriello  Domenico Patella 《Geophysical Prospecting》2001,49(1):1-12

Following the probability tomography principles previously introduced to image the sources of electric and electromagnetic anomalies, we demonstrate that a similar approach can be used to analyse gravity data. First, we give a coherent derivation of the Bouguer anomaly concept as a Newtonian-type integral for an arbitrary mass distribution buried below a non-flat topography. A discretized solution of this integral is then derived as a sum of elementary contributions, which are cross-correlated with the gravity data function in the expression for the total power associated with the Bouguer anomaly. To image the mass distribution underground we introduce a mass contrast occurrence probability function using the cross-correlation product of the observed Bouguer anomaly and the synthetic field due to an elementary mass contrast source. The tomographic procedure consists of scanning the subsurface with the elementary source and calculating the occurrence probability function at the nodes of a regular grid. The complete set of grid values is used to highlight the zones of highest probability of mass contrast concentrations. Some synthetic and field examples demonstrate the reliability and resolution of the new gravity tomographic approach.  相似文献   

The record of historic earthquakes in lake sediments of Central Switzerland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Katrin Monecke  Flavio S. Anselmetti  Arnfried Becker  Michael Sturm  Domenico Giardini 《Tectonophysics》2004,394(1-2):21-40

Deformation structures in lake sediments in Central Switzerland can be attributed to strong historic earthquakes. The type and spatial distribution of the deformation structures reflect the historically documented macroseismic intensities thus providing a useful calibration tool for paleoseismic investigations in prehistoric lake sediments.The Swiss historical earthquake catalogue shows four moderate to strong earthquakes with moment magnitudes of M_w=5.7 to M_w=6.9 and epicentral intensities of I₀=VII to I₀=IX that affected the area of Central Switzerland during the last 1000 years. These are the 1964 Alpnach, 1774 Altdorf, 1601 Unterwalden, and 1356 Basel earthquakes. In order to understand the effect of these earthquakes on lacustrine sediments, four lakes in Central Switzerland (Sarner See, Lungerer See, Baldegger See, and Seelisberg Seeli) were investigated using high-resolution seismic data and sediment cores. The sediments consist of organic- and carbonate-rich clayey to sandy silts that display fine bedding on the centimeter to millimeter scale. The sediments are dated by historic climate and environmental records, ¹³⁷Cs activity, and radiocarbon ages. Deformation structures occur within distinct zones and include large-scale slumps and rockfalls, as well as small-scale features like disturbed and contorted lamination and liquefaction structures. These deformations are attributed to three of the abovementioned earthquakes. The spatial distribution of deformation structures in the different lakes clearly reflects the historical macroseismic dataset: Lake sediments are only affected if they are situated within an area that underwent groundshaking not smaller than intensity VI to VII. We estimate earthquake size by relating the epicentral distance of the farthest liquefaction structure to earthquake magnitude. This relationship is in agreement with earthquake size estimations based on the historical dataset.  相似文献   

Diesel oil and PCB-degrading psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from Antarctic seawaters (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Maria De  Domenico  Angelina Lo Giudice  Luigi Michaud  Marcello Saitta  Vivia Bruni 《Polar research》2004,23(2):141-146

Fifty-seven Antarctic marine bacteria were examined for their ability to degrade commercial diesel oil as the sole organic substrate at both 4 °C and 20 °C. Based on the preliminary screening, two isolates (B11 and B15) with high capacity to degrade diesel oil were selected and their biodegradation efficiency was quantified by gas chromatographic analysis. As expected for psychrotrophs, diesel oil biodegradation was slower at 4 °C than at 20 °C. The two strains also mineralized the C₂₈ n-paraffin octacosane at 20 °C and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at 4 °C and 20 °C.  相似文献   

Earthquake recurrence parameters from seismic and geodetic strain rates in the eastern Mediterranean   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Sarah Jenny  Saskia Goes  Domenico Giardini  Hans-Gert Kahle 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,157(3):1331-1347

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Three-dimensional upper-mantle S-velocity model for the Eurasia–Africa plate boundary region     

Federica Marone  Suzan van der Lee†  Domenico Giardini 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,158(1):109-130

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Reconstructing the damage field of the 1855 earthquake in Switzerland: historical investigations on a well-documented event     

Stefan Fritsche  Donat Fäh  Monika Gisler  Domenico Giardini 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,166(2):719-731

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