Étude de la variation des précipitations dans quelques stations de France et d'Algérie     

P. de Félice  F. Schremmer 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1964,13(2):173-192

Résumé Les auteurs cherchent: 1) à comparer les régimes pluviométriques d'Algérie et de France; 2) à caractériser l'évolution dans le temps de ces régimes. Ils ont rassemblé les données des onze stations françaises qui leur ont paru les plus homogènes.En ce qui concerne l'Algérie, excepté Alger-Port qui a fonctionné dès 1838, aucune station ne possède de long enregistrement des hauteurs des précipitations. Les auteurs ont été amenés à créer neuf stations fictives, en se servant des relevés de plusieurs stations voisines. La méthode des moyennes courantes, (ou glissantes) a permis d'avoir l'allure générale des variations des précipitations, en éliminant les fluctuations interannuelles.La méthode deLabrouste, qui permet la recherche des composantes sinusoïdales dans les graphiques, a été appliquée, aux relevés de Paris-Observatoire, d'Alger-Port et de la station, fictive d'Oran Littoral. Excepté l'allure quasi sinusoïdale de la courbe de Paris (période 90 ans environ), aucune périodicité nette n'a été trouvée.Les allures opposées des graphiques de Paris-Observatoire et d'Oran Littoral ont suggéré aux auteurs de calculer le coefficient de corrélationr des hauteurs des précipitations de ces deux stations. Ils ont trouvér=–0,24 ce qui les a conduits à étudier plus particulièrement les situations météorologiques qui amèment de la pluie à Paris et à Oran.Enfin les auteurs ont remarqué la bonne concordance qui existe entre les pluies à Paris et la vitesse de la circulation générale.

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Summary The authors have tried: 1) to compare the rainfall regimes of France and Algeria; 2) to characterize the evolution of these regimes. They gathered data of eleven French stations which presented the longest and most homogeneous measures.In Algeria, except Alger-Port, which exists since 1838, there are no long observations. The authors have created nine fictive stations by using the data of several neighbouring stations. The method of overlapping means gave the behaviour of precipitation variations by eliminating the year to year fluctuations.UsingLabrouste's method, the authors tried to discover the sinusoidal components, if any, of the graphs from Paris-Observatoire, Alger-Port and Oran-Littoral. Except for the quasi sinusoidal pattern of the Paris-Observatoire curve (period 90 years), no decided periodicity has been discovered.The authors computed the correlation coefficientr of the precipitation quantities of the two stations Paris-Observatoire and Oran-Littoral and foundr=–0,24. Consequently they studied more accurately the meteorological situations causing rain at Paris and Oran.Finally, the authors noted the good agreement between rain at Paris and the velocity of the general circulation of the atmosphere.

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Zusammenfassung Die Verfasser versuchten 1. die Regenfälle Frankreichs und Algeriens zu vergleichen und 2. den zeitlichen Ablauf zu charakterisieren. Sie stellten Daten von elf französischen Stationen zusammen, die die längsten und regelmäßigsten Reihen aufwiesen.Mit Ausnahme der Station Alger-Port, die seit 1838 besteht verfügt keine algerische Station Über sehr lange Beobachtungsreihen. Die Verfasser sahen sich daher gezwungen, mit Hilfe der Daten zahlreicher Nebenstationen neun Reihen fiktiver Hilfsstationen zu rekonstruieren. Die Methode der übergreifenden Mittel ergab den algemeinen Verlauf der Niederschlagsschwankungen und schied die Schwankungen von Jahr zu Jahr aus.Die MethodeLabrouste, die das Aufsuchen sinusoidaler Komponenten graphischer Darstellungen ermöglicht, wurde auf die Meßreihen von Paris-Observatoire, Alger-Port und der Hilfsstation Oran-Littoral angewandt. Abgesehen vom quasisinusoidalen Verlauf der Pariser Registrierung (Periode ungefähr 90 Jahre) konnte keine deutliche Periodizität festgestellt werden.Die Berechnung des Korrelationskoeffizientenr für die Reihen von Paris-Observatoire und Oran-Littoral ergabr=–0,24, was die Verfasser veranlaßte, jene Wetterlagen näher zu untersuchen, welche für Paris und Oran niederschlagsreich waren.Schließlich wird auf die enge Beziehung zwischen den Pariser Regenfällen und der Geschwindigkeit der allgemeinen Strömung hingewiesen.

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