Securing Indigenous politics: A critique of the vulnerability and adaptation approach to the human dimensions of climate change in the Canadian Arctic     

Emilie S. Cameron 《Global Environmental Change》2012,22(1):103-114

Over the past decade research examining the human dimensions of climatic change in the Arctic has expanded significantly and has become the dominant framework through which the relations between northern peoples and climatic change are understood by scholars, policy makers, political leaders, and the media. This paper critically examines the assumptions, exclusions, and orientations that characterize this broad literature, and suggests revising and expanding the terms upon which it is carried out. It focuses in particular on the exclusion of colonialism from the study of human vulnerability and adaptation to climatic change, the framing of Indigenous peoples and communities in terms of the local and the traditional, and the ways in which efforts to improve the lives of northern Indigenous peoples risk perpetuating colonial relations. The paper argues that these exclusions and orientations lead scholars to systematically overlook the immense importance of resource extraction and shipping as human dimensions of climatic change in the Canadian Arctic, and it examines the implications of such oversights.  相似文献   

NO emissions as observed by SPICAV during stellar occultations     

Emilie Royer  Franck Montmessin  Jean-Loup Bertaux 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(10):1314-1326

Ultraviolet (UV) nightglow data from the SPICAV instrument (SPectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Venus) onboard the Venus Express spacecraft, currently in orbit around Venus, are presented. In its extended source mode, SPICAV has shown that the Venus nightglow in the UV contains essentially Lyman-α and Nitric Oxide (NO) emissions. In the stellar mode, when the slit of the spectrometer is removed, an emission is also observed at the limb in addition to the stellar spectrum. A forward model allows us to identify this feature as being an NO emission. Due to radiative recombination of N and O atoms produced on the dayside of Venus, and transported to the nightside, NO nightglow provides important constraints to the Solar-to-Anti Solar thermospheric circulation prevailing above 90 km. The forward model presented here allows us to derive the altitude of the peak of emission of the NO layer, found at 113.5±6 km, as well as its scale height, of 3.4±1 km and its brightness. The latter is found to be very variable with emissions between 19 Kilo-Rayleigh (kR) and 540 kR. In addition, the NO nightglow is sometimes very patchy, as we are able to observe two distinct emission zones in the field of view. Finally, systematic extraction of this emission from stellar occultations extends the database of the NO emission already reported elsewhere using limb observations.  相似文献   

Auszählung der Consolfunkfeuer mit Hilfe des Sichtfunkpeilers     

Paul Marchand 《Ocean Dynamics》1958,11(2):83-86

Zusammenfassung Die Auszählung der Punkte und Striche bei Consolfunkfeuern zur Bestimmung des Gleichsignals ist mit dem Sichtfunkpeiler in besonders einfacher und genauer Weise möglich. Der Vorzug dieses Verfahrens kommt vor allem dann zur Geltung, wenn man gleichzeitig die Peilanzeige auf dem Braunschen Rohr mit den Zeichen im Lautsprecher des Gerätes, insbesondere bei auftretenden Störern, vergleicht. Das Gleichsignal kann eindeutig auf ein Zeichen genau festgestellt werden.

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Counting of the dots and dashes emitted by consol stations with the aid of a cathode-ray direction finder

Summary The cathode-ray direction finder allows, for determining the equisignal, to count the dots and dashes emitted by Consol stations with utmost ease and great precision. The superiority of the method becomes particularly evident when simultaneous comparisons are made with the bearing indications read from the cathode ray tube and the signals heard in the loudspeaker of the direction finder. This is especially the case when the reception is disturbed by parasitic noise. The equisignal can be unmistakably determined within an accuracy of one signal only.

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Résumé Le radiogoniomètre visuel (à tube cathodique) permet de compter aisément et avec une grande précision les points et les traits des émissions Consol. La supériorité du procédé est particulièrement évidente lorsque l'on compare simultanément les signes vus sur le tube cathodique, à l'écoute du haut-parleur de l'appareil, notamment lorsque la réception est troublée par des parasites. L'équisignal peut être déterminé sans ambiguïté au signe près.

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Criteres d'analyse géochimique des gisements de fluorine basés sur l'étude de la distribution des lanthanides — application au gite de Maine (71—Cordesse,France)     

L. Marchand  D. Joseph  J. C. Touray  M. Treuil 《Mineralium Deposita》1976,11(3):357-379

59 fluorite samples have been analysed by neutron activation for La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb and Lu. Two properties of the partition coefficient of the R. E. E. between fluorite and poorly complexing solutions (L. Marchand, 1976) have been used for interpretations: (R. E. E.) CaF₂/(R. E. E.)_solution are always very high so that CaF₂ records with an important magnification and without major distortion in the R. E. E. pattern from the mother solution; the partition coefficients are higher for the heavy earths than for the lighter ones. Consequently, in finite reservoirs where CaF₂ precipitates, the trend for solutions will be a gradual enrichment in ceric earths. Interpretations at different scales of the Maine hydrothermal deposit (D. Joseph, 1974) permit to emphasize: — a constant geochemical signal at the scale of a growth band of homogenous colour; — a possible characterization of the ore-forming solutions dynamic (infinite vs finite reservoirs) by comparison of successive growth bands in a same sample; — distinct source rocks for the formation blanche and formation verte.  相似文献   

Sr isotopes and trace element geochemistry of the impact melt and target rocks at the Mistastin Lake crater,Labrador     

Michael Marchand  James H Crocket 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1977,41(10):1487-1495

The Mistastin Lake meteorite crater lies completely within a batholith composed of mangerite and adamellite with lenses of anorthosite and is located in central Labrador. The multivariate statistical technique of correspondence analysis was used to summarize the relationships between the different rock units for the trace elements Nb, Zr, Y, Sr, Rb, Th, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni. The samples of impact melt form a linear array of points on a factor plot joining the anorthosite samples to the mangerite and adamellite samples. This indicates that the various melt samples can be formed as a result of the complete fusion of different proportions of anorthosite and granitic rocks. A least-squares mixing model utilizing the average trace element composition of the four rock types indicates that an average melt rock can be formed by mixing 60% anorthosite, 38% mangerite and 2% adamellite. An isochron obtained on the combined mangerite and adamellite units of the batholith gives an age of 1347 ±15 m.y. (1σ) with an initial ratio of 0.7082 ± 0.0003. The anorthosite samples plot below the isochron and the melt rocks fall along a mixing line joining the locus of anorthosite points to an average granite sample on the isochron. This is a further indication that the melt was formed by melting of anorthosite and granitic rocks that form the local geological environment.  相似文献   

Fission track ages on apatite of Bergell rocks from Central Alps and Bergell boulders in Oligocene sediments     

Günther A. Wagner  Donald S. Miller  Emilie Jäger 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,45(2):355-360

Previous radiometric dating studies indicated that the Bergell region, in contrast to other regions of the Central Alps, experienced an early, rapid uplift, but with decreasing rate. Furthermore, there is also a geological record of the early uplift history of the Bergell granite by the existence of boulders which were derived from this granite and which occur in the Late Oligocene sediments of the Po plain.In this work the uplift history of the Bergell is studied in more detail by fission track dating of additional apatites from the Bergell region. Secondly, by determining apatite fission track ages the granitic boulders of the Po plain can be re-assigned to their original vertical position within the Bergell intrusive before erosion removed them in Late Oligocene time. A rather conservative estimate replaces them 6 km above the present morphology of the Bergell massif. Thus, the thickness of the Bergell granite must have been at least 8 km.Generally, fission track studies on boulders may become an important tool to study the vertical extent of mountain chains during the geological past.  相似文献   

Das Alter von Graniten und Gneisen     

Jäger  Emilie 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1966,11(3-4):304-316

Summary In this paper the interpretation of isotopic age data is discussed. It is shown that in many cases the measured age results do not date geological events which are considered by geologists to be the age of a rock or a mineral. These age data must often be ascribed to other periods of the evolution of rocks.Several examples of Rb-Sr age results on rocks and minerals from the Alps are discussed. It is shown that even with a great number of age data available it is impossible to date the time of metamorphism. On the other side detailed information of the cooling history of the Alps is given by Rb-Sr age results, which cannot be studied by classical geological methods.

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Mit 1 Textabbildung

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Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Leitmeier zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons in coastal waters of the English Channel and the North Sea     

M. Marchand  J.C. Caprais 《Marine pollution bulletin》1985,16(2):78-81

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Dual aspects of mantle convection through time: Changes in global upper mantle temperature, Earth’s rotation, and global plate motion acceleration induced by mantle avalanches     

Philippe Machetel  Erik O. D. Sevre  Emilie Thomassot  David A. Yuen 《Visual Geosciences》2003,8(1):1-6

The mean depth of the mantle transition zone depends on the global mantle temperature through the Clapeyron slope. Numerical models of mantle convection with endothermic phase change at 670 km are characterized by quiet periods of partial layering alternating with catastrophic events. During an avalanche, global thermal anomalies, reaching several tens of degrees, and lasting several tens of million years occur that induce a global deepening of the mantle transition zone. The resulting inertia tensor perturbations lead to acceleration of the Earth’s rotation. The bottom heat fluxes remains strong as a consequence of the steep thermal gradient at the CMB level; whereas it decreases to a low level during quiet periods. The upper surface heat flux displays a more complex behavior due to the re-heating of upper mantle by plumes generated at the transition zone and at the CMB. Following these numerical results, two significantly different regimes of mantle convection may have alternated several times during the Earth’s history. The avalanche periods are also associated with a global increase of plate tectonic activity (ridge accretion and continental break-up) due to an increase of the surface velocity during the avalanche process. This work shows the richness of the behavior in surfaces and bottom heat fluxes that arises from the alternation of quiet periods of partial layering with catastrophic avalanche events. Complexities in the real Earth displays are surprisingly simular to those caused by the consequences of mantle avalanches.  相似文献   

Statistical Evaluation of Compositional Differences Between Upper Eocene Impact Ejecta Layers     

Eric Marchand  James Whitehead 《Mathematical Geology》2002,34(5):555-572

Melt droplets formed by the impact of a large meteorite impact event(s) have been found in upper Eocene marine sediments from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. The number of discreet impacts that occurred to form these melt droplets can be gleaned by compositionally analysing the droplets and establishing the number of distinct groups. Previous studies have inferred two, three, or more source impact events, although we believe the statistical techniques used to distinguish the groupings are open to criticism. Multivariate and univariate analysis (including discriminant analysis) of the major-element composition of an increased data set of impact melt ejecta droplets have been performed. The results demonstrate that the uppermost ejecta layer is geochemically distinct from other late Eocene melt ejecta. Our statistical analysis suggests two underlying, purportedly stratigraphically separate ejecta layers, possess minimal differences that cannot be distinguished clearly from one another by discriminant analysis, which adds to the plausibility that they have a common source. Finally, our results reveal apparent disparities between the new major-element data from this study and data compiled from existing sources.  相似文献