Triggered star formation in bright-rimmed clouds: the Eagle nebula revisited     

J. Miao  Glenn J. White  R. Nelson  M. Thompson  L. Morgan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(1):143-155

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asmooth: a simple and efficient algorithm for adaptive kernel smoothing of two-dimensional imaging data     

H. Ebeling  D. A. White  F. V. N. Rangarajan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,368(1):65-73

An efficient algorithm for adaptive kernel smoothing (AKS) of two-dimensional imaging data has been developed and implemented using the Interactive Data Language ( idl ). The functional form of the kernel can be varied (top-hat, Gaussian, etc.) to allow different weighting of the event counts registered within the smoothing region. For each individual pixel, the algorithm increases the smoothing scale until the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) within the kernel reaches a pre-set value. Thus, noise is suppressed very efficiently, while at the same time real structure, that is, signal that is locally significant at the selected S/N level, is preserved on all scales. In particular, extended features in noise-dominated regions are visually enhanced. The asmooth algorithm differs from other AKS routines in that it allows a quantitative assessment of the goodness of the local signal estimation by producing adaptively smoothed images in which all pixel values share the same S/N above the background .
We apply asmooth to both real observational data (an X-ray image of clusters of galaxies obtained with the Chandra X-ray Observatory) and to a simulated data set. We find the asmooth ed images to be fair representations of the input data in the sense that the residuals are consistent with pure noise, that is, they possess Poissonian variance and a near-Gaussian distribution around a mean of zero, and are spatially uncorrelated.  相似文献   

Orthopyroxene–sillimanite–quartz assemblages: distribution, petrology, quantitative P–T–X constraints and P–T paths     

D. E. Kelsey  R. W. White  R. Powell 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2003,21(5):439-453

Granulite facies magnesian metapelites commonly preserve a wide array of mineral assemblages and reaction textures that are useful for deciphering the metamorphic evolution of a terrane. Quantitative pressure, temperature and bulk composition constraints on the development and preservation of characteristic peak granulite facies mineral assemblages such as orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz are assessed with reference to calculated phase diagrams. In NCKFMASH and its chemical subsystems, peak assemblages form mainly in high‐variance fields, and most mineral assemblage changes reflect multivariant equilibria. The rarity of orthopyroxene–sillimanite–quartz‐bearing assemblages in granulite facies rocks reflects the need for bulk rock X_Mg of greater than approximately 0.60–0.65, with pressures and temperatures exceeding c. 8 kbar and 850 °C, respectively. Cordierite coronas mantling peak minerals such as orthopyroxene, sillimanite and quartz have historically been used to infer isothermal decompression P–T paths in ultrahigh‐temperature granulite facies terranes. However, a potentially wide range of P–T paths from a given peak metamorphic condition facilitate retrograde cordierite growth after orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz, indicating that an individual mineral reaction texture is unable to uniquely define a P–T vector. Therefore, the interpretation of P–T paths in high‐grade rocks as isothermal decompression or isobaric cooling may be overly simplistic. Integration of quantitative data from different mineral reaction textures in rocks with varying bulk composition will provide the strongest constraints on a P–T path, and in turn on tectonic models derived from these paths.  相似文献   

Analysis of the 5 min oscillatory photospheric motion     

M. Y. Cha  O. R. White 《Solar physics》1973,31(1):55-74

A more objective statistical technique is applied directly to the four time series used in Paper I. The empirical probability density functions indicate that the measurements are realizations of a narrow-band random process with Gaussian statistics. This result allows quantitative statistical use of the mean autocorrelation function. For example, a characteristic correlation time is 23 min, and the motion becomes statistically uncorrelated over intervals greater than 40 min. The mean autocorrelation function is found to be free of secondary maxima that have been so troublesome in other analyses. The question raised in this paper is whether our statistical model of the motion as a Gaussian random process is also applicable to smaller regions on the order of 1 to 2 in size.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.  相似文献   

Description of mass motions and brightenings in a class 2b flare,August 8, 1968     

T. J. Janssens  K. P. White III 《Solar physics》1970,11(2):299-309

Filtergrams spanning Hα ± 4.1 Å, supplemented with observations at 2.8 and 3 GHz, are used variously to describe the onset, dormancy, and flash phase of this 2b flare. Among the phenomena observed are 17- and 23-sec periodic pulsations in the microwave data early in the flare and formation of perpendicular, overlapping threads of red-shifted and blue-shifted material late in the flare.  相似文献   

Back to Dunkirk     

Patricia White 《Geology Today》2001,17(1):13-13

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Spatial Distribution and Temporal Evolution of Coronal Bright Points     

Zhang  Jie  Kundu  Mukul R.  White  Stephen M. 《Solar physics》2001,198(2):347-365

Solar Physics - We present a statistical study of the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of coronal bright points (BPs) by analyzing a continuous set of observations of a quiet-Sun region...  相似文献   

Naming Names     

Robert S. White 《Geophysical Journal International》1988,95(2):433-433

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The Madinah eruption,Saudi Arabia: Magma mixing and simultaneous extrusion of three basaltic chemical types   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Victor E. Camp  Peter R. Hooper  M. John Roobol  D. L. White 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1987,49(2):489-508

During a 52-day eruption in 1256 A.D., 0.5 km³ of alkali-olivine basalt was extruded from a 2.25-km-long fissure at the north end of the Harrat Rahat lava field, Saudi Arabia. The eruption produced 6 scoria cones and a lava flow 23 km long that approached the ancient and holy city of Madinah to within 8 km. Three chemical types of basalt are defined by data point clusters on variation diagrams, i.e. the low-K, high-K, and hybrid types. All three erupted simultaneously. Their distribution is delineated in both scoria cones and lava flow units from detailed mapping and a petrochemical study of 135 samples. Six flow units, defined by distinct flow fronts, represent extrusive pulses. The high-K type erupted during all six pulses, the low-K type during the first three, and the hybrid type during the first two.Three mineral assemblages occur out of equilibrium in all three chemical types.Assemblage 1 contains resorbed olivine and clinopyroxene megacrysts and ultramafic microxenoliths (Fo₉₀ + Cr spinel + Cr endiopside) which fractionated within the spinel zone of the mantle.Assemblage 2 contains resorbed plagioclase megacrysts (An₆₀) with olivine inclusions (Fo₇₈) which fractionated in the crust.Assemblage 3 contains microphenocrysts of plagioclase and olivine in a groundmass of the same minerals with late-crystallizing titansalite and titanomagnetite; assemblage 3 crystallized at the surface and/or in the upper crust. Each assemblage represents a distinct range in PTX environment, suggesting that their coexistence in each chemical type may be a function of magma mixing. Such a process is confirmed by variable ratios of incompatible element pairs in a range of analyses.All three chemical types are products of mixing. Some of the hybrid types may have developed from surface mixing of the low-K and high-K lavas; however, the occurrence of all three types at the vent system suggests that subsurface mixing was the dominant process. We suggest that the Madinah flow was extruded from a heterogeneous magma chamber containing vertically stacked sections equivalent to the six eruptive pulses. This chamber may have developed contemporaneously with magma mixing when a crustal reservoir containing a magma in equilibrium with assemblage 2 was invaded by a more primitive magma containing cognate microxenoliths and megacrysts of assemblage 1.  相似文献   

Composition of back-arc basin volcanics, Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin: Evidence for a slab-derived component in their mantle source     

G.A. Jenner  P.A. Cawood  M. Rautenschlein  W.M. White 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1987,32(1-3)

Samples dredged from 2 localities near the crest of the Valu Fa ridge, an active back-arc basin spreading centre in the Lau Basin, consist of highly vesicular lava fragments of andesitic composition. The samples are characterized by rare, euhedral An₈₅ plagioclase phenocrysts in a hypocrystalline groundmass of An₆₀ plagioclase laths, brown glass and rare subhedral clinopyroxene. Samples from within and, to a lesser extent, between the dredge hauls show remarkable isotopic and chemical homogeneity, with: ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr − 0.70330 ± 2; ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd − 0.51303 ± 2; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb − 18.65 ± 2; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb − 15.55 ± 1; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb − 38.34 ± 4; Sr − 165 ppm; Rb − 7 ppm; Cs − 0.17 ppm; K − 3300 to 4200 ppm; Ba − 96 ppm; and REE — LREE depleted with 12–18 × chondritic abundances. On Sr-Nd, Pb-Pb and Sr-Pb plots the volcanics lie just within or on the edge of the MORB fields, overlapping with island-arc volcanics from the Marianas and Tonga. Compared with MORB and ocean-island basalts, the samples show alkali-element enrichment relative to REE and higher Cs relative to Rb. The isotopic and geochemical characteristics of the Valu Fa Ridge volcanics clearly indicate a minor, but significant, slab-derived component in the back-arc basin mantle source.  相似文献