Characterization of Organic Aerosol at a Rural Site in the North China Plain Region: Sources,Volatility and Organonitrates     

Qiao ZHU  Li-Ming CAO  Meng-Xue TANG  Xiao-Feng HUANG  Eri SAIKAWA  Ling-Yan HE 《大气科学进展》2021,38(7):1115-1127

The North China Plain(NCP) is a region that experiences serious aerosol pollution. A number of studies have focused on aerosol pollution in urban areas in the NCP region; however, research on characterizing aerosols in rural NCP areas is comparatively limited. In this study, we deployed a TD-HR-AMS(thermodenuder high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer) system at a rural site in the NCP region in summer 2013 to characterize the chemical compositions and volatility of submicron aerosols(PM_1). The average PM_1 mass concentration was 51.2 ± 48.0 μg m~(-3) and organic aerosol(OA) contributed most(35.4%) to PM_1. Positive matrix factorization(PMF) analysis of OA measurements identified four OA factors, including hydrocarbon-like OA(HOA, accounting for 18.4%), biomass burning OA(BBOA, 29.4%), lessoxidized oxygenated OA(LO-OOA, 30.8%) and more-oxidized oxygenated OA(MO-OOA, 21.4%). The volatility sequence of the OA factors was HOA BBOA LO-OOA MO-OOA, consistent with their oxygen-to-carbon(O:C)ratios. Additionally, the mean concentration of organonitrates(ON) was 1.48-3.39 μg m~(-3), contributing 8.1%–19% of OA based on cross validation of two estimation methods with the high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HRToF-AMS) measurement. Correlation analysis shows that ON were more correlated with BBOA and black carbon emitted from biomass burning but poorly correlated with LO-OOA. Also, volatility analysis for ON further confirmed that particulate ON formation might be closely associated with primary emissions in rural NCP areas.  相似文献   

What Makes Nearshore Habitats Nurseries for Nekton? An Emerging View of the Nursery Role Hypothesis     

Steven Y. Litvin  Michael P. Weinstein  Marcus Sheaves  Ivan Nagelkerken 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(6):1539-1550

Estuaries and other coastal habitats are considered essential for the survival of early life stages of commercial, recreational, and other ecologically important species. While early designations simply referred to habitats with higher densities of juveniles as nurseries, the definition was improved by arguing that contribution per unit area to the production of individuals that recruit to adult populations is greater, on average, in nursery habitats. However, this and related approaches typically consider critical habitats as individual, homogeneous entities that are static in nature and do not specifically incorporate important dynamics that determine nursery function. The latter include environmental variability, estuarine hydrodynamics, trophic coupling, ontogenetic habitat shifts, and spatially explicit usage of habitat patches and corridors within larger seascapes. Subsequent studies have identified important factors that regulate nursery value, and researchers working independently across the globe have not only supported the advances made in defining the processes underlying nursery function but, as set forth in this narrative, have advanced it while suggesting that much work still needs to be done to improve our understanding of the links between juvenile nekton survival and the estuarine-coastal seascape. We discuss the current nursery role hypothesis and the data supporting (or refuting) it along with the implications for management of estuarine habitats for the conservation or restoration of nursery function.  相似文献   

Dietary transfer of fluoranthene from an estuarine oligochaete (Monopylephorus rubroniveus) to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio): Influence of piperonyl butoxide     

Filipowicz AB  Weinstein JE  Sanger DM 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(2):132-145

The objective of this study was to determine the potential for dietary transfer of sediment-associated fluoranthene from tubificid oligochaetes (Monopylephorus rubroniveus) to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Grass shrimp, either in the presence or absence of sublethal waterborne concentrations of the metabolic inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), were fed fluoranthene-dosed oligochaetes for 5-days. All grass shrimp bioaccumulated fluoranthene; however, bioaccumulation was 3X higher in the presence of PBO. Trophic transfer coefficients (TTCs) were 0.02 and 0.01 in the presence and absence of PBO, respectively. Following the 5-day accumulation period, shrimp in both treatments were allowed to depurate for 3 days. Depuration rates were significantly higher in PBO-exposed shrimp. These results demonstrated that sediment-associated fluoranthene can be transferred through the diet from oligochaetes to grass shrimp, and the presence of PBO enhanced fluoranthene bioaccumulation. However, the comparatively low TTCs suggest that biomagnification of fluoranthene in estuarine food webs is low.  相似文献   

Linking restoration ecology and ecological restoration in estuarine landscapes     

Michael P. Weinstein 《Estuaries and Coasts》2007,30(2):365-370

More than ever, there is a need to integrate restoration ecology, as practiced by the scientific community, and ecological restoration, a province that is largely, but not entirely the purview of practitioners. Success in some coastal restoration projects is increasingly measured in the context of practioner skills and cultural goals rather than by the manifestation of underlying ecological principles and mechanisms in the restoration process. Especially in human-dominated landscapes, restoration practices should attempt to balance human needs with those of extant biota in a consensus based combination of restoration ecology and ecological restoration criteria. The goal is to devise plans at the appropriate scale that allow humans and other biota to share space and resources in an increasingly complex landscape. No matter where restoration takes place, both ecological fidelity (in ecocentric terms) and human dimensions (in anthropocentric terms) must comprise the restoration design, but ultimately in proportion to human density in the landscape. Without this integration, compromise, and balance, restoration will not likely prosper in the mainstream of society.  相似文献   

Preface:<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis>: A sheep in wolf’s clothing?     

Michael P. Weinstein  Janet R. Keough  Glenn R. Guntenspergen  Steven Y. Litvin 《Estuaries and Coasts》2003,26(2):397-397

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The Road Ahead: The Sustainability Transition and Coastal Research     

Michael P. Weinstein 《Estuaries and Coasts》2009,32(6):1044-1053

Although the organizing committee for the 2007 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF) Biennial Conference and its international members supported the inclusion of sustainability science as a thematic element of the meeting, a preliminary review of program abstracts, conducted by entering various combinations of key words into the conference search engine, identified only 50 individual abstracts that incorporated one or more of the key words, or 3.8% of the 1,300 papers presented. Moreover, only 25 abstracts (1.9%) made specific reference to the integration of the natural and social sciences in emerging coastal research priorities. In this context, a framework is presented for incorporating the concepts of sustainable development, sustainability science, especially for the urban coast, and human dimensions into the amalgam of future US and international CERF research.  相似文献   

The failure of colonial 'distancing': Changing representations of the 2005–06 chikungunya epidemic in Réunion, France     

Philip Weinstein  Srilata Ravi 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(2):221-235

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Stable Pb isotope ratios in aerosols, precipitation, and size-fractionated particulate matter in the Gulf of Maine, Scotian Shelf, and Labrador Sea     

Sarah Weinstein Knowlton  S. Bradley Moran 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(7):984-989

Measurements of Pb isotopes in aerosols, precipitation, and size-fractionated particulate matter from the Gulf of Maine, Scotian Shelf and Labrador Sea are used to investigate the source of Pb. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratio in aerosols and precipitation collected at New Castle, NH suggests that anthropogenic Pb is a mixture of US and Canadian sources. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios in >53 μm particulate matter from the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf slope waters are consistent with contaminant Pb inputs predominantly from US and Canadian sources, while in shelf waters ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios in >0.4 μm and >53 μm particles are consistent with a mixture of US and Canadian sources, as well as Pb associated with resuspended surface sediment. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios in particulate matter (>0.4 μm, 10-53 μm, and >53 μm) from Labrador Sea surface waters range from 1.165 to 1.211 and are a mixture of Pb derived from ore compositions consistent with Broken Hill, Australia and southeast Missouri, US sources.  相似文献   

The influence of building materials on salt formation in rural environments     

Vesna Matović  Suzana Erić  Danica Srećković-Batoćanin  Philippe Colomban  Aleksandar Kremenović 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(6):1939-1951

Blocks of limestone and sandstone used in walls of the Manasija Monastery complex showed damage caused by the efflorescence and subflorescence of different salts in a low-pollution rural environment. In addition to common salts such as thenardite, thermonatrite, trona and gypsum, a small amount of eugsterite and darapskite was also present. Although these sodium and sodium–calcium salts formed where cement mortar was used for repairs, the lithological type and chemical composition of the substrate also had an influence on the development of distinct salts. The interaction between limestone and sandstone (substrates) and a solution rich in sodium (without calcium) was successfully simulated in the laboratory. The presence of gypsum and sodium–calcium sulphate, as experimental products, solely on the limestones indicated that, in addition to the cement-mortar solution, part of the calcium required for the formation of calcium and double sodium–calcium salts could occur from this substrate.  相似文献