Feminist Perspectives in Geography: A Collective Statement     

Evelyn Stokes  Louise Dooley  Louise Johnson  Jennifer Dixon  Susan Parsons 《New Zealand geographer》1987,43(3):ii-ii

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When is a River not a River? Consideration of the legal definition of a river for geomorphologists practising in New South Wales,Australia     

Mark Patrick Taylor  Robert Stokes 《The Australian geographer》2005,36(2):183-200

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Balloon Intercomparison Campaigns: Results of remote sensing measurements of HCl     

C. B. Farmer  B. Carli  A. Bonetti  M. Carlotti  B. M. Dinelli  H. Fast  W. F. J. Evans  N. Louisnard  C. Alamichel  W. Mankin  M. Coffey  I. G. Nolt  D. G. Murcray  A. Goldman  G. M. Stokes  D. W. Johnson  W. A. Traub  K. V. Chance  R. Zander  G. Roland  L. Delbouille 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,10(2):237-272

All of the techniques used to measure stratospheric HCl during the two BIC campaigns involved high resolution infrared spectroscopy. The balloon-borne instruments included five different spectrometers, three operating in the solar absorption mode and two in emission (at distinctly different wavelengths). Ground-based and aircraft correlative measurements were made close to the balloon locations, again by near-infrared spectroscopy.Within this set of results, comparisons between different techniques (absorption vs emission) viewing the same airmass (i.e., on the same gondola) were possible, as were comparisons between the same technique used on different gondolas spaced closely in time and location. The final results yield a mean profile of concentration of HC1 between 18 and 40 km altitude; an envelope of ±15% centered on this profile encompasses all of the results within one standard deviation of their individual mean values. The absolute accuracy of the final profile is estimated to be no worse than 10%. It is concluded also that the measurement techniques for HCl have reached a level of performance where a precision of 10% to 15% can be confidently expected.  相似文献   

US—foreign cooperation for fisheries development — a preliminary economic analysis     

Robert L. Stokes 《Marine Policy》1980,4(4):326-328

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Variation of Jupiter's CH₄ and NH₃ bands with position on the planetary disk     

Rexford W. Avery  Joseph J. Michalsky  Robert A. Stokes 《Icarus》1974,21(1):47-54

We report here the results of recent spectrophotometric scans of the 6190 Å and 7290 Å methane bands and the 6450 Å ammonia band on Jupiter as a function of position on the planetary disk. The equivalent widths are found to decrease toward the equatorial limb and to increase toward the poles relative to the center of the disk.  相似文献   

SO2 from episode 48A eruption,Hawaii: Sulfur dioxide emissions from the episode 48A East Rift Zone eruption of Kilauea volcano,Hawaii     

RJ Andres  PR Kyle  JB Stokes  WI Rose 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1989,52(2):113-117

An SO₂ flux of 1170±400 (1) tonnes per day was measured with a correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) in October and November 1986 from the continuous, nonfountaining, basaltic East Rift Zone eruption (episode 48A) of Kilauea volcano. This flux is 5–27 times less than those of highfountaining episodes, 3–5 times greater than those of contemporaneous summit emissions or interphase Pu'u O'o emissions, and 1.3–2 times the emissions from Pu'u O'o alone during 48A. Calculations based on the SO₂ emission rate resulted in a magma supply rate of 0.44 million m³ per day and a 0.042 wt% sulfur loss from the magma upon eruption. Both of these calculated parameters agree with determinations made previously by other methods.  相似文献   

Detailed record of SO2 emissions from Pu'u `O`o between episodes 33 and 34 of the 1983–86 ERZ eruption,Kilauea, Hawaii     

Torrie A. Chartier  William I. Rose  J. Barry Stokes 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1988,50(4):215-228

A tripod-mounted correlation spectrometer was used to measure SO₂ emissions from Pu`u `O`o vent, mid-ERZ, Kilauea, Hawaii between Episodes 33 and 34 (June 13 to July 6, 1985). In 24 repose days, 906 measurements were collected, averaging 38 determinations/day. Measurements reflect 13% of the total 576 hours of the repose and 42% of the bright daylight hours. The average SO<sub>2</sub> emission for the 24-day repose interval is 167±83 t/d, a total of 4000 tonnes emitted for the entire repose. The large standard deviation reflects the puffing character of the plume. The overall rate of SO<sub>2</sub> degassing gently decreased with a zero-intercept of 44–58 days and was interrupted by two positive peaks. The data are consistent with the gas emanating from a cylindrical conduit of 50 meter diameter and a length of 1700 meters which degasses about 50% of its SO<sub>2</sub> during 24 days. This is in support of the Pu'u `O`o model of Greenland et al. (1987). 36 hours before the onset of Episode 34 (July 5–6, 1985), elevated SO₂ emissions were detected while the magma column was extremely active ultimately spilling over during dome fountaining. A mid-repose anomaly of SO₂ emission (June 21–22, 1985) occurs two days before a sudden increase in the rate of summit inflation (on June 24, 1985), suggesting magma was simultaneously being injected in both the ERZ and summit reservoir until July 24 when it was channelled only to the summit reservoir. This implies degassing magma is sensitive to perturbations within the rift zone conduit system and may at times reflect these disturbances. Periods of 7–45 min are detected in the daily SO₂ emissions, which possibly reflect timing of convective overturn in the cylindrical magma body. If the 33–34 repose interval is considered representative of other repose periods, the ERZ reposes of Jan 1983–Jan 1986 ERZ activity, contributed 1.6 × 10⁵ tonnes of SO₂ to the atmosphere. Including summit fuming from non-eruptive fumaroles (2.7 × 10⁵ tonnes SO₂); 28% of the total SO₂ budget from Kilauea between Jan 1983 to Jan 1986 was contributed by quiescent degassing, and the remainder was released during explosive fountaining episodes.  相似文献   

Vent geometry and eruption conditions of the mixed rhyolite–basalt Námshraun lava flow,Iceland     

Lionel Wilson  Sarah A. Fagents  Linda E. Robshaw  Evelyn D. Scott 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007

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Preface     

Joanne E. Norris  Erik Cammeraat  Alexia Stokes  Ioannis Spanos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(3):427-428

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Temporal patterns of arid-humid transitions in the south-eastern Arabian Peninsula based on optical dating     

Helen E. Bray  Stephen Stokes 《Geomorphology》2004,59(1-4):271

The Rub Al Khali aeolian system of the Arabian Peninsula is the world's largest erg. While the region is presently hyper-arid, evidence for multiple past humid periods has been documented in previous studies. Radiocarbon dating of lacustrine, travertine and palaeogroundwater deposits suggests that the climate was humid at 10–6 and 35–25 ka. These phases have been associated with summer rainfall increases occurring in tandem with an intensification and northward migration of the monsoon system during Northern hemisphere precessional maxima. Published optical dating studies have focused on preserved sand dune and aeolianite deposits to establish ages for the intervening arid phases. Here we present a summary of this work and additional optical dating results for samples of aeolian sediment from a deep drill core, which provides insights into the style of barchan dune accretion in the Liwa region of the United Arab Emirates. The large dune accreted rapidly during the mid-late Holocene. The results suggest that the transitions from humid to arid conditions and resulting accumulation of aeolian sediment in the form of large bedforms occurred abruptly at around 6 ka. Further aeolian sedimentation has not been constant since that time, with initial gradual dune growth followed by rapid vertical accretion, and possible termination of accumulation around c. 2 ka.  相似文献