Time‐transgressive tunnel‐valley infill revealed by a three‐dimensional sedimentary model,Hamburg, north‐west Germany     

ADRIAAN JANSZEN  JULIEN MOREAU  ANDREA MOSCARIELLO  JÜRGEN EHLERS  JENS KRÖGER 《Sedimentology》2013,60(3):693-719

Deep, elongated incisions, often referred to as tunnel valleys, are among the most characteristic landforms of formerly glaciated terrains. It is commonly thought that tunnel valleys were formed by meltwater flowing underneath large ice sheets. The sedimentary infill of these features is often highly intricate and therefore difficult to predict. This study intends to improve the comprehension of the sedimentology and to establish a conceptual model of tunnel‐valley infill, which can be used as a predictive tool. To this end, the densely sampled, Pleistocene tunnel valleys in Hamburg (north‐west Germany) were investigated using a dataset of 1057 deep wells containing lithological and geophysical data. The stratigraphic correlations and the resulting three‐dimensional lithological model were used to assess the spatial lithological distributions and sedimentary architecture. The sedimentary succession filling the Hamburg area tunnel valleys can be subdivided into three distinct units, which are distinguished by their inferred depositional proximity to the ice margin. The overall trend of the succession shows a progressive decrease in transport energy and glacial influence through time. The rate of glacial recession appears to have been an important control on the sedimentary architecture of the tunnel‐valley fill. During periods of stagnation, thick ice‐proximal deposits accumulated at the ice margin, while during rapid recession, only a thin veneer of such coarse‐grained sediments was deposited. Ice‐distal and non‐glaciogenic deposits (i.e. lacustrine, marine and terrestrial) fill the remaining part of the incision. The infill architecture suggests formation and subsequent infill of the tunnel valleys at the outer margin of the Elsterian ice sheet during its punctuated northwards recession. The proposed model shows how the history of ice‐sheet recession determines the position of coarse‐grained depocentres, while the post‐glacial history controls the deposition of fines through a progressive infill of remnant depressions.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Pliocene/Pleistocene basalts along the Central Anatolian Fault Zone (CAFZ), Turkey     

Osman Parlak  Michel Delaloye  Cavit Demirkol  Ulvi Can Ünlügenç 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-3):159-167

Abstract

Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanism accompanied strike-slip-related transtensional deformation along the K?z?l?rmak fault segment of the Central Anatolian fault zone (CAFZ) in the west of ?ark??la (Sivas-central Turkey). These volcanic rocks are represented by alkali olivine basalts. They can be divided into four different sub-groups on the basis of their Zr, Nb, TiO₂ contents. A primitive mantle-normalized incompatible trace element diagram for four subgroups shows close similarity to typical OIB pattern. Some of the incompatible trace element ratios (Ce/Y, Zr/Nb, La/Ba, La/Nb) are also akin to OIB values. Highly fractionated REE patterns (La/Yb_N=24.7–9.2) with no Eu anomaly are the main features of the alkali basalts and are comparable to alkaline volcanism in continental rift zones. On the basis of Al₂O₃/TiO₂, Nb/Y, Zr/Y Zr/Nb ratios, the geochemical differences among four sub-groups can be explained by variable degrees of partial melting of compositionally similar mantle source. Th/Nb, Th/Y, Nb/Y ratios and the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagram suggests significant amount of crustal involvement for most of the alkali olivine basalts erupted along the CAFZ. Rupture of the continental lithosphere by strike-slip-related transtensional deformation might have caused decompressional partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle and generating alkali olivine basalts in this region. © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS.  相似文献   

天山北麓黄土记录的30万年以来古气候演变     

陈渠  刘秀铭  吕镔  叶玮  赵国永 《沉积学报》2022,40(3):679-690

对天山北麓黄土分布特点与形成年代的研究,以及以此为载体应用各代用指标的古气候重建已经取得了不少进展。在前人工作的基础上,选取黄土—古土壤序列分明,底部S3古土壤发育的鹿角湾剖面为主要研究对象,结合天山北麓的其他多个典型黄土剖面,运用色度、粒度、常量地球化学元素含量和环境磁学参数等指标,探讨大约30万年以来的古气候演变。鹿角湾黄土实验结果显示,各古气候代用指标随剖面深度变化与黄土—古土壤更替大概一致,剖面上部（L2及其以上）与下部区别明显。粒度分布揭示黄土物源输入主要受控于两股不同风系,随黄土古土壤的更替两者的主次地位发生变化。环境磁学实验结果显示,剖面下部磁性弱,频率磁化率低,但古土壤层稳定单畴含量较高,反映湿润成壤环境下超顺磁亚铁磁性矿物溶解或转化为弱磁性矿物;剖面上部比剖面下部的磁性要强,磁性矿物粒度更粗;S0为磁性成壤增强模式,与其他黄土古土壤层不同。再结合其他典型剖面的记录,可以推断研究区30万年以来有干旱化的趋势,但S2发育阶段总体上可能比S3发育阶段略为湿润,这一阶段之后气候明显变干,S1发育阶段明显比S2与S3发育阶段干旱,干旱化趋势一直保持至全新世开始之前。  相似文献   

THE BRIGHT SURGE-LIKE SPIKE AT THE SOLAR LIMB SEPTEMBER 24, 1991     

ALTAŞ  L.  DÜZGELEN  A. 《Solar physics》1997,171(1):145-153

The 1N/M6.1 limb-flare-associated surge-spike phenomenon of 24 September, 1991 is investigated using H filtergrams taken at Kandilli Observatory. The kinematics and the morphological features of the moving plasma are discussed. Radio and soft X-ray bursts, ionospheric, and magnetic disturbances are detected in the oscillatory motions during the surge phenomenon.  相似文献   

An application of network design procedures for redesigning Kizilirmak River basin raingauge network,Turkey     

ÜNAL ŞORMAN  GÜVEN BALKAN 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):233-246

ABSTRACT

Recently developed rainfall network design techniques are discussed and compared. Present day hydrological studies require high levels of accuracy from collected data. Also, scientists need to know the degree of accuracy of the information they use. The existing rainfall network in the Kizilirmak basin must be redesigned in order to meet the required level of accuracy preset by rainfall data users. The three following techniques were applied: optimum interpolation procedure which is a flexible method; variance of mean areal rainfall; and the analysis of variance. The existing network of 52 gauges is redesigned so that the network will have an average root mean square error (rmse) of ? 32 mm and the percentage of the area with rmse > 36 mm is limited to 10%. It is found that the proposed criteria are satisfied by a network of 53 gauges of which eight were newly established and seven of the existing ones removed.  相似文献   

Sea‐surface hydrographical conditions off South Faeroes and within the North‐Eastern North Atlantic through MIS 2: the response of dinocysts     

CLÉMENCE CAULLE  AURÉLIE PENAUD  FRÉDÉRIQUE EYNAUD  SÉBASTIEN ZARAGOSI  DIDIER M. ROCHE  ELIZABETH MICHEL  SÉBASTIEN BOULAY  THOMAS RICHTER 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(3):217-228

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联合机制下黏土垫层多离子扩散模型     

张志红  韩林  吕清硕 《岩土力学》2022,43(2):539-548

扩散是工程领域中的一种重要现象,尤其是针对填埋场底部的压实黏土垫层。扩散过程受多种因素影响,如离子种类、离子价态和离子浓度等,因此建立准确的扩散模型对填埋场垫层系统设计和评估具有极其重要的意义。引入简化的Guntelberg活度系数表示真实溶液与理想溶液浓度值的偏差,采用化学势和扩散势共同表征多离子扩散的驱动力,并考虑黏土介质特有的半透膜性能对离子扩散规律的影响,建立了复杂机制联合作用下多组分并存时离子在黏土垫层中的扩散模型。采用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics对所建扩散模型进行数值求解,结果表明,黏土半透膜效应、溶液非理想性和扩散势均显著影响多离子扩散行为,考虑黏土半透膜效应及溶液非理想性条件下,多离子扩散进程明显减缓,考虑扩散势时,阳离子扩散速度显著提高。复杂机制联合作用下,多离子扩散规律并非单一影响机制的简单叠加,各机制之间相互制约共同影响多离子扩散行为。  相似文献   

不同温度应力路径下饱和黏土剪切特性     

王海波  吕伟华  武荘  朱文波 《岩土力学》2022,43(3):679-687

在精准温控动三轴试验系统上开展了不同温度及不同升温路径饱和黏土剪切试验研究,探讨了不同温度对饱和软黏土不排水剪切特性的影响,分析不同升温固结方式对饱和软黏土孔压发展、体变、强度以及模量的影响规律。试验结果显示：在4～76 ℃试验研究范围内,环境温度升高导致饱和软黏土的不排水剪切强度有所减少,但温度升高对土体模量增加影响明显,温度T和模量ET关系可用ET = 2.69T 0.3表达;升温变化时正常固结黏土产生超孔隙水压力并随着温度增大而增大,升温热固结后土的剪切强度将明显提高,且排水状态下升温固结对土剪切强度增长小于升温完成后再固结情况;土体从26 ℃分别升高20、40 ℃时,升温引起的超孔压比分别为0.41、0.61,剪切峰值强度分别增加8.23%、22.37%。研究表明：升温幅值增大会使土体热固结程度越大,升温分级越多,热固结也越充分,其对应的体变、强度增长率则越大;同时最终温度及热固结路径对其剪切相转换特征存在影响,升温越高、热固结路径越多其剪胀性越明显,但温度变化范围、固结分级、热固结路径总体上对孔隙水压力的发展基本不产生影响。  相似文献   

周期性四组元局域共振桩带隙特征及隔振性能研究     

陈晓斌  王业顺  唐孟雄  谢康  唐豪  吕金 《岩土力学》2022,43(1):110-118

基于既有的三组元局域共振结构,考虑到岩土材料流塑性及弹塑性特征,提出一种由管桩、软体层、桩芯和基体组成的四组元局域共振桩结构,并基于周期性理论,利用频散曲线分析了管桩密度、弹性模量、厚度对四组元结构带隙特征影响。研究发现：相比于无管桩的三组元结构,带管桩的四组元结构更加容易出现完全带隙,且管桩只对带隙上边界产生影响;相比于管桩密度,管桩弹性模量可对四组元结构带隙产生质变影响,影响程度更大;通过四组元结构带隙边界点模态分析,确立了四组元结构带隙计算公式。通过时域分析发现,相比于三组元结构,四组元结构在带隙内振动衰减效果可提升近30%,其内在原因是四组元结构中管桩提高了基体整体刚度,从而有效地预防了基体“击穿”带及泄露波的出现。相关研究可为新型局域共振结构设计及隔振效果改善提供新思路。  相似文献   

Tellurium isotope compositions of calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions     

Manuela A. FEHR  Mark REHKÁMPER  Alex N. HALLIDAY  Bodo HATTENDORF  Detlef GÜNTHER 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2009,44(7):971-984

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