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871.
Laura Bennati Anthony Finizola James A. Walker Dina L. Lopez I. Camilo Higuera-Diaz Claudia Schütze Francisco Barahona Rafael Cartagena Vladimir Conde Renan Funes Cristobal Rios 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2011,199(3-4):216-229
The region encompassing Santa María, Cerro Quemado, and Zunil volcanoes, close to Quetzaltenango, the second largest city of Guatemala, is volcanically and tectonically complex. In addition, the huge Xela caldera, about 20 km in diameter, crosses this area and links up to the important Zunil fault zone located between the three volcanoes. Two highly active geothermal sites, named Zunil-I and Zunil-II, are also located between these three volcanic edifices at the southeastern boundary of Xela caldera. In order to determine the permeability variations and the main structural discontinuities within this complex volcano-tectonic setting, self-potential and soil CO2 flux measurements have been coupled, with a step of 20 m, along a 16.880 km-long profile crossing the entire area. Two shallow hydrothermal systems, with maximum lateral extensions of 1.5 km in diameter, are indicated by positive self-potential/elevation gradients below Santa María and Cerro Quemado volcanoes. Such small hydrothermal systems cannot explain the intense geothermal manifestations at Zunil-I and Zunil-II. Another minor hydrothermal system is indicated by self-potential measurements on the flank of Santa María along the edge of the Xela caldera. CO2 flux measurements display slight variations inside the caldera and decreasing values crossing outside the caldera boundary. We hypothesize the presence of a magmatic body, inside the southeastern border of Xela caldera, to explain the deeper and more intense hydrothermal system manifested by the Zunil-I and the Zunil-II geothermal fields. This magmatic system may be independent from Santa María and Cerro Quemado volcanoes. Alternatively, the hypothesized Xela magmatic system could have a common magmatic origin with the Cerro Quemado dome complex, consistent with previous findings on regional gas emissions. Sectors bordering the Cerro Quemado dome complex also have high amplitude minima-short wavelength anomalies in self-potential, interpreted as preferential rain water infiltration along faults of major permeability, probably related with the most recent stages of Cerro Quemado dome growth. 相似文献
872.
Antonio Pulido‐Bosch José Delgado Fernando Sola Ángela Vallejos Fernando Vicente Juan M. López‐Sánchez Jordi J. Mallorquí 《水文研究》2012,26(5):731-740
Ground subsidence of detrital deposits in the Almería basin (SE Spain) was studied using the remote sensing technique of Differential Interferometry SAR (DInSAR). This basin is one of the most arid in Europe, receiving an average rainfall of 250 mm per year. Over the last 60 years the region has experienced an enormous agricultural and urban expansion, whose water demand has been largely supplied from groundwater, leading to the current situation of overexploitation of water resources. This paper outlines the likely relationship between groundwater abstraction and subsidence. To this end, 34 ERS and Envisat images, taken between 2003 and 2009, were analysed to estimate ground surface deformations, and hence, compared with water table variations measured in a number of piezometers in the basin. The analysis shows a clear parallelism between the variations in piezometric level and deformation of the ground surface. In addition, the zones of greatest subsidence coincide with those areas where groundwater abstractions are concentrated. Subsidence over the examined period varies from 10 to 30 mm, with extreme values as high as 50 mm, which translates to a rate of between 1·7 and 5 mm/year, reaching maximum rates of 8 mm/year at some points. Given such subsidence rates, damage to urban infrastructures are, for the moment, incipient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
873.
Francisco Javier Muñoz-Almaraz Emilio Freire Jorge Galan-Vioque Andre Vanderbauwhede 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2007,97(1):17-47
In this paper we introduce the concept of a quasi-submersive mapping between two finite-dimensional spaces, we obtain the
main properties of such mappings, and we introduce “normality conditions” under which a particular class of so-called “constrained
mappings” are quasi-submersive at their zeros. Our main application is concerned with the continuation properties of normal
doubly symmetric orbits in time-reversible systems with one or more first integrals. As examples we study the continuation
of the figure-eight and the supereight choreographies in the N-body problem. 相似文献
874.
Jennifer L. Irish Ashley E. Frey Julie D. Rosati Francisco Olivera Lauren M. Dunkin James M. Kaihatu Celso M. Ferreira Billy L. Edge 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(10):645-657
Hurricane flooding is a leading natural threat to coastal communities. Recent evidence of sea level rise coupled with potential future global warming indicate that sea level rise will accelerate and hurricanes may intensify over the coming decades. In regions fronted by barrier islands, the protective capacity of these islands may diminish as they are degraded by rising sea level. Here we present a hydrodynamic and geospatial analysis of the relative role of barrier island degradation on potential future hurricane flooding. For the City of Corpus Christi, Texas, USA, hurricane flooding is projected to rise between 20% and 70% by the 2030s, resulting in an increase in property damages and impacted population. These findings indicate that adaptive management strategies should be developed and adopted for mitigating loss of natural barrier islands when these islands act as protective features for populated bayside communities. Finally, this study illustrates a method for applying models to forecast future storm protection benefits of barrier island restoration projects. 相似文献
875.
Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez Esko Lyytinen Daniel C. Jones José M. Madiedo Alberto J. Castro-Tirado Iwan Williams Jordi Llorca Stanislav Vítek Martin Jelínek Blanca Troughton Francisco Gálvez 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,382(4):1933-1939
The existence of asteroidal meteoroid streams capable of producing meteorite-dropping bolides has long being invoked, but evidence is scarce. Recent modelling of previously reported associations suggests that the time-scales to keep the orbital coherence of these streams producing meteorites are too short. We present an unequivocal association between near earth object (NEO) 2002NY40 and at least one bright fireball detected over Finland in 2006 August. Another two additional fireballs recorded from Spain and Finland seem to be related, together producing a fireball-producing stream (β Aquarids). On the basis of historical data, the 2006 finding suggests the existence of a meteoroid complex capable of producing meteorites. Taking into account present time-scales for orbital decoherence, if 2002NY40 has large meteoroids associated with it, such behaviour would be the consequence of a relatively recent asteroidal fragmentation. Supporting our claim, the heliocentric orbits of two recently discovered NEOs, 2004NL8 and 2002NY40, were found to exhibit a good similarity to each other and also to the orbits of the three bolides. The fireball spectra of the two Finish bolides showed that the chemical abundances of these objects are consistent with the main elements found in chondrites. This result is consistent with the probable Low iron, Low metal (LL) chondritic mineralogy of asteroid 2002NY40. Consequently, this asteroid may be delivering LL chondrites to the Earth. Additional fireball reports found in the literature suggest that the associated β Aquarid complex may have been delivering meteorites to the Earth during, at least, the last millennium. 相似文献
876.
Francisco Ruiz María Luz Gonzlez‐Regalado Manuel Abad Juan Manuel Muoz Rafael Pino 《地学学报》2007,19(5):367-372
The application of the Poisson regression to the populations of the benthic foraminifer Ammonia tepida collected in three south‐western Spanish estuaries permits to obtain a quantitative approach between some environmental variables and the number of individuals of this species. Although the three general models are unsatisfactory to predict the observed abundance of this micro‐organism, a partial statistical analysis permits to detect quantitatively the impact of each variable. This analysis indicates an increasing abundance from the high‐salt marshes to the subtidal channels and higher densities in those samples subjected to very euryhaline conditions. Increasing sand percentages show negative effects on the A. tepida abundance, whereas the silt contents do not affect significantly to this species and increasing organic carbon percentages have a small positive effect on the A. tepida densities. 相似文献
877.
878.
Francisco Torres-Avilés Miguel A. Martinez-Beneito 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2015,29(1):131-141
Spatio-temporal disease mapping can be viewed as a multivariate disease mapping problem with a given order of the geographic patterns to be studied. As a consequence, some of the techniques in multivariate literature could also be used to build spatio-temporal models. In this paper we propose using the smoothed ANOVA multivariate model for spatio-temporal problems. Under our approach the time trend for each geographic unit is modeled parametrically, projecting it on a preset orthogonal basis of functions (the contrasts in the smoothed ANOVA nomenclature), while the coefficients of these projections are considered to be spatially dependent random effects. Despite the parametric temporal nature of our proposal, we show with both simulated and real datasets that it may be as flexible as other spatio-temporal smoothing models proposed in the literature and may model spatio-temporal data with several sources of variability. 相似文献
879.
880.
This is the 6th contribution in the series of Historical Notes on seminal concepts in earthquake engineering and structural dynamics. It documents the origins and early developments (from the 1880s through 1992) of the effects of site geology on seismic ground motion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献