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11.
陕南勉略宁地区铜厂闪长岩岩石地球化学及SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb同位素年代学 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文对位于陕南勉略宁地区铜厂铜矿区与铜成矿作用有关的闪长岩进行了系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究,讨论铜厂岩体的岩石成因、成岩物质来源及其地质意义和与铜厂铜矿床的关系.研究结果表明,铜厂闪长岩属于钙碱性-低钾岩系列岩石,以富大离子亲石元素和贫高场强元素为特征,其稀土配分模式为具Eu负异常和Ce异常不明显的轻稀土富集型,与碧口群海相火山岩具有一定相似性和继承性.闪长岩主要来源于壳源或曾受到地壳物质的强烈混染,并没有经历过显著的结晶分异演化,且与铜成矿有密切的关系,为该区主要成矿物质来源之一.岩体形成的大地构造背景属于碰撞隆起-岛弧火山,成矿作用晚于岩体侵入.铜厂闪长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄为842±6.5Ma,早于秦岭造山带的主造山期.该区晋宁期俯冲-挤压造山作用,形成了碧口岩群岛弧火山岩系,铜厂闪长岩可能属于地层.碧口群细碧角斑岩末期火山侵入杂岩,由碧口群火山岩的局部熔融作用形成,其轻稀土的相对富集可能与岩体继承源岩的稀土特征有关. 相似文献
12.
Three-dimensional (3D) MHD numerical simulations have not been able to demonstrate convincingly the spontaneous formation of large vertical flux tubes. Two-dimensional (2D) magnetoconvection in axisymmetric cylinders forms a central magnetic flux tube surrounded by annular convection rings. To study the robustness of this type of solution in three dimensions, the nonlinear resistive MHD equations are solved numerically in a 3D cylindrical wedge from an initially uniform vertical magnetic field. It is shown that the 2D result is retrieved for small domain radii. However, for larger radii the central axis loses its importance and in this case many convection cells form in the numerical domain. Magnetic flux is captured between cells where flow converges and the reduced amount of flux that congregates at the central axis is eroded by the surrounding convection. 相似文献
13.
G. J. J. Botha A. M. Rucklidge N. E. Hurlburt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(4):1611-1624
A numerical model of idealized sunspots and pores is presented, where axisymmetric cylindrical domains are used with aspect ratios (radius versus depth) up to 4. The model contains a compressible plasma with density and temperature gradients simulating the upper layer of the Sun's convection zone. Non-linear magnetohydrodynamic equations are solved numerically and time-dependent solutions are obtained where the magnetic field is pushed to the centre of the domain by convection cells. This central magnetic flux bundle is maintained by an inner convection cell, situated next to it and with a flow such that there is an inflow at the top of the numerical domain towards the flux bundle. For aspect ratio 4, a large inner cell persists in time, but for lower aspect ratios it becomes highly time dependent. For aspect ratios 2 and 3 this inner convection cell is smaller, tends to be situated towards the top of the domain next to the flux bundle, and appears and disappears with time. When it is gone, the neighbouring cell (with an opposite sense of rotation, i.e. outflow at the top) pulls the magnetic field away from the central axis. As this happens a new inner cell forms with an inflow which pushes the magnetic field towards the centre. This suggests that to maintain their form, both pores and sunspots need a neighbouring convection cell with inflow at the top towards the magnetic flux bundle. This convection cell does not have to be at the top of the convection zone and could be underneath the penumbral structure around sunspots. For an aspect ratio of 1, there is not enough space in the numerical domain for magnetic flux and convection to separate. In this case the solution oscillates between two steady states: two dominant convection cells threaded by magnetic field and one dominant cell that pushes magnetic flux towards the central axis. 相似文献
14.
In this paper, we determine the temperature profile along the footpoints of large coronal loops observed by TRACE in both the 171 Å and 195 Å passbands. The temperature along the lower part of these coronal loops only shows small variations and can probably be considered to be isothermal. Using the obtained temperature profile T(s) and an estimate of the column depth along the loop, we then determine the pressure along the lower part of the observed coronal loops and hence the value of the pressure scale length. The obtained scale lengths correspond in order-of-magnitude with the theoretically predicted gravitational scale height. We show that the differences between the observed and predicted scale heights are unlikely to be caused by (significant) flows along the loops but could possibly be a consequence of the inclination of the loops. This implies that the quasi-periodic intensity oscillations observed in the loops are most probably caused by compressive waves propagating upward at the coronal sound speed. 相似文献
15.
采用产业经济学、计量经济学、统计学中的相关方法,对伊犁河谷1956-2008年期间产业结构演进的特征进行了定量评价,并针对伊犁河谷产业结构演进的三个阶段及其特征进行了研究.利用指标计算分析了三次产业及其内部结构、就业产业结构、产业结构升级转换等层面的动态演进过程,然后运用偏离-份额分析法计算了1956-1978年、1979-1992年和1993-2008年三个代表时段产业结构演进的数量特征.结果表明,伊犁河谷产业结构演进特征具有以下特点:1.一产比重一直呈现明显的下降趋势,二产业比重总体上处于上升趋势,第三产业比第二产业上升快,但内部结构不合理;2.产业结构和就业结构发展表现出极强的不均衡性;3.产业结构转换速度逐渐变缓,特别是1993年以后,随着经济活动日趋正常化、规模化、成熟化,产业结构转换速度相对较小;4.产业结构一直是靠着传统的农牧业在发展演进,落后的工业和不发达的第三产业严重制约着伊犁河谷产业结构的演进. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The transition and restructuring process of urban South Africa are currently in the phase of identifying land development objectives. These objectives aim to integrate previously segregated areas through integrated development plans. This research aims firstly to identify and describe the historical development of the spatial form and structure of the secondary city and capital of the Northern Province, Pietersburg and its dispersed peripheral towns. Supervised classification of SPOT HRV multispectral imagery is used to support the theoretical explanation. Images from an airborne digital Kodak DCS 420 camera are used to provide training sites in the pre‐classification stages, and also provide field data to the process of post‐classification accuracy assessment. Secondly, SPOT HRV imagery is applied to identify the stark contrast in urban development between the city of Pietersburg and its surrounding former homeland towns. Both built and natural environmental aspects are investigated. In conclusion benefits and problems of assessing urban morphology and development in a developing country by means of a combination of satellite imagery and digital aerial photography are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Climate controls on late Pleistocene landscape evolution of the Okhombe valley, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A.J.A.M. Temme J.E.M. Baartman G.A. Botha A. Veldkamp A.G. Jongmans J. Wallinga 《Geomorphology》2008,99(1-4):280-295
Hillslopes in central and western parts of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa are often mantled by colluvial sediments of the Masotcheni Formation. These sediments have accreted in response to several cycles of deposition, pedogenesis and incomplete erosion. Climatic controls on these cycles are incompletely known. Results from fieldwork, micromorphology, stable carbon isotope analysis and Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating of Masotcheni Formation sediments from Okhombe valley in the Drakensberg foothills are combined. Deposition in the area had at least 11 phases, starting before 42 ka and ending before 0.17 ka. The first six deposits (from before 42 ka to after 29 ka) resulted from the interplay between slope processes and fluvial redistribution under cold conditions. Solifluction was the most important slope process. No deposits have been found from the Last Glacial Maximum, arguably because this period was too dry. The last five deposits (from about 11 ka to before 0.17 ka) resulted from fluvial redistribution of upslope material and older deposits under increasing precipitation. Current extreme gully erosion in the Masotcheni Formation indicates a lack of available upslope material, leaving downslope deposits as the only sediment source for fluvial redistribution. This model for landscape response to climate change may be able to explain how climate controlled landscape processes in other Masotcheni Formation sites in KwaZulu-Natal. In the research area and elsewhere, this proposition may be tested with numerical landscape evolution models. 相似文献
18.
This paper is concerned with the convergence of the Galerkin finite element method applied to a groundwater flow problem containing a borehole, with special reference to quadrature effects and the accuracy of the solution. It is shown that there exists an optimal quadrature rule for every choice of piecewise polynomial basis functions. Another interesting result proved here is that, in a direct application of the method the accuracy is very nearly independent of the degree of the polynomial basis functions, but strongly dependent on the distance of the borehole from the boundary if this is small. 相似文献
19.
Charles Otunga John Odindi Onisimo Mutanga Clement Adjorlolo Jacobus Botha 《国际地球制图》2018,33(5):489-504
The spatial distribution of different C3 and C4 grass species in tropical montane areas is commonly influenced by a number of factors that include site-specific topography. Hence, the distribution of these grasses across topographic gradients can vary significantly. In this study, we investigate the influence of topographic factors (elevation, slope and aspect) on the spatial distribution of Festuca grass species in a commonage area, comprising agro-biodiversity conservation land use. Integration of the topographic variables using GIS and binary logistic regression (LR) modelling showed that C3, Festuca grass species distribution can be predicted or mapped with an accuracy of 80% in the landscape under study. The study contributes to understanding the spatial distribution of C3 grass species and provides valuable information for designing and optimizing rangeland conservation in the subtropical montane landscapes. 相似文献
20.
Developments at ISO/REMCO and its Impact on the Production and Use of Geological Reference Materials
Angelique Botha 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2010,34(3):237-244
During the past decade the work of ISO/REMCO, the International Organization for Standardization’s Technical Committee on Reference Materials, was dedicated to achieving global harmonisation, and true involvement of the member countries. The first major accomplishment was the clarification of the terminology in the definitions for reference material and certified reference material, which were published as an amendment to ISO Guide 30 in 2008. The next milestone was the recognition that ISO Guide 34 (‘General requirements for the competence of reference material producers’) be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 17025 for the accreditation of reference material producers. The third edition of ISO Guide 34 published in November 2009, clarifies the acceptable procedures for the certification of reference materials. This paper will discuss the role of ISO/REMCO in formalising the procedures for the accreditation of reference material producers and the evolution of the terms reference material and certified reference material. The paper will conclude with a case study, where a primary method in a single laboratory – one of the recognised acceptable metrologically valid procedures according to ISO Guide 34 – was used for the certification of reference materials. The reference materials are South African Reference Material SARM 2 (Syenite), SARM 3 (Lujavrite) and SARM 4 (Norite) from the suite of six NIMROCs that were originally certified by the Council for Mineral Technology (MINTEK) in South Africa in the 1970s. 相似文献