Assessment of seismic hazard near faults of uncertain type: Inter-plate versus intra-plate     

Gideon Leonard  David M. Steinberg  Nitzan Rabinowitz 《Natural Hazards》1995,11(2):111-121

Maximum magnitude is an important input parameter in seismic hazard analysis, but may be difficult to determine directly on the basis of available seismological data. Moreover, there is evidence that the scaling law relating maximum magnitude to fault length for inter-plate faults may differ from the law for intra-plate faults. Thus uncertainty as to the fault type can complicate the problem of determining maximum magnitude. We present a method for examining the implications for seismic hazard analysis of uncertainty regarding fault type. We apply the method to a simple constructed example and find that the problem of assessing fault type can be far more critical to the hazard assessment than the exact statement of fault geometry, especially for sites that are distant from the fault.The opinions and conditions presented in this paper do not neccessarily reflect the official position of the Licensing Division of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission.  相似文献   

The petroleum factor in environmental decay in Isoko local government area,Bendel State,Nigeria     

Gideon E. D. Omuta Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(2):173-181

China has a great number of rivers, but they are distributed unevenly. There are many large externally flowing river systems with dense stream networks, normally exceeding 0.3 km/km², while in the interior drainage regions the rivers have short courses with sparse stream networks, generally less than 0.1 km/km². Although the total runoff of the rivers is abundant, 96% is distributed in the exterior drainage regions and only 4% in the interior drainage regions. Temporally, the distribution of the runoff is also very uneven: high in the summer and autumn, and low in the winter and spring. In addition, runoff varies greatly from year to year, and successions of abundant and deficient years appear frequently. China encompasses a great variety of river water regimes, influenced mainly by the different climatic zones: e.g., temperate continental, temperate, subtropical and tropical monsoons, and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, with its high altitude and cold. The rivers contain a high silt content, with a sediment discharge of up to 2.6 billion tons annually. The amount of the silt discharged into the seas reaches 2.01 billion tons/annum.  相似文献   

Proline and soluble sugars accumulation in three pepper species (Capsicum spp) in response to water stress imposed at different stages of growth     

Gideon O. Okunlol  Richard O. Akinwale  Adekunle A. Adelusi 《寒旱区科学》2016,8(3):205-211

Drought is a major production constraint for major fruits and vegetable crops in the tropics.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of limited water supply at three growth stages (vegetative,flowering and fruiting) on the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars in three pepper species.Seeds of the three pepper species,Capsicum chinense Jacq.,C.annuum L.and C.frutescens L.were raised in a nursery and the seedlings were transplanted into seventy two plastic pots arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates,25 days after planting.Four water treatments,200 mL of water supplied twice daily (W₁),once in every three days (W₂),once in every five days (W₃),and zero water supplied throughout growing period (W₀) were imposed at three vegetative,flowering,and fruiting growth stages.Data were collected on relative water content,free proline and total soluble sugar.Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using Duncan''s multiple range test.Results show that the concentration of proline and soluble sugar in leaves of the three pepper species were found to be remarkable at the different stages of growth in the stressed plants.  相似文献   

Local natures? Climate change,beliefs, facts and norms     

Gideon Calder 《Climatic change》2015,133(3):525-533

  相似文献   

Quaternary tectonic patterns along the continental margin of the southeastern Mediterranean — Comment     

Gideon Almagor 《Marine Geology》1983,53(3):231-234

  相似文献   

Flow Pattern of a Karst Aquifer in the Molai Area, Greece     

loannis Ch. Ghikas  Gideon P. Kruseman  loannis L. Leontiadis  David H. Wozab 《Ground water》1983,21(4):445-455

  相似文献   

Mass transport on the continental slope of Israel     

Gideon Almagor 《Geo-Marine Letters》1986,6(1):29-34

Seismic profiles, radiographs, and geotechnical tests made on cores show that large sediment masses on the slope frequently slump downslope. This slumping is earthquake-triggered. Off central and northern Israel (average maximum gradients 5 to 8°), this slumping does not allow continuous sediment accumulation. Sediment accumulation and deposition of the debris over the lower slope steadily keeps the slope in a smooth state. Only strong quakes affect the more stable, moderate slope (average maximum gradients 3–4°) off southern Israel. These quakes affect the central and northern slope as do the weaker quakes, but cause slumping of large sediment slabs that heavily scars the southern slope.  相似文献   

Salt-controlled slumping on the Mediterranean slope of central Israel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gideon Almagor 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1984,6(3):227-243

The highly complex morphology of the continental slope of central Israel is the expression of deep-seated rotational block slumping. The overburden of 1.0–1.5 km thick Pliocene-Quaternary sediments that accumulated over 200 m thick evaporites deposited under the deeper portion of the present-day continental slope and in Late Miocene erosion channels, caused the evaporites to flow downslope. This flowage was presumably caused by excessive pore pressures generated by the Pliocene-Quaternary sedimentary overburden in confined layers of clastics embedded within the impervious evaporites.  相似文献   

Early formation of K-feldspar in shallow-marine sediments at near-surface temperatures (southern Israel): evidence from K-Ar dating     

Amir Sandler  Yehudit Harlavan  Gideon Steinitz 《Sedimentology》2004,51(2):323-338

Authigenic K‐feldspar was investigated in two Albian to Turonian sections in Israel using K‐Ar and Ar‐Ar dating, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis. Both sections comprise a similar succession of shallow‐marine limestones, dolomites and marls, with some sandstone and shale beds of continental origin. The HCl‐insoluble residue fraction of the studied samples consists of clays, quartz, feldspars, goethite and trace amounts of heavy minerals. Most of the insoluble residues have a relatively high K‐feldspar content that has an adularia habit and is concentrated in the 4–7 µm size fraction. The authigenic origin of the K‐feldspar in the fine silt fraction is indicated by its high content relative to quartz, the uniform and idiomorphic shape of the crystals and its limited size range. Of the fine silt (4–7 or 4–10 µm) separates, 40% have ages that are similar to stratigraphic ages within the analytical and biostratigraphic errors. Ar‐Ar dating of a fine silt fraction with 94% K‐feldspar (4–10 µm, sample GYP 7) yields a plateau age identical to the total gas age and similar to the stratigraphic age. These results indicate that the K‐Ar age is not a mixture between detrital and late diagenetic K‐feldspar ages, but is rather an age of formation within a few million years after deposition. It is suggested that the early formation of the K‐feldspar was associated with dolomitization and was induced by residual brines as part of a reflux process.  相似文献   

Temperature dependence of δLi, δCa and Li/Ca during growth of calcium carbonate     

Caedmon S Marriott  Gideon M Henderson  Nick S Belshaw  Alexander W Tudhope 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(2):615-624

Lithium and calcium isotope ratios, together with the Li/Ca element ratio, have been measured in calcites precipitated inorganically at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30 °C, and on seasonal growth bands from a coral. These measurements indicate the potential uses of these three environmental proxies. Carbonate Li isotopes are lighter than the solution from which they grow, probably due to equilibrium fractionation. This fractionation is not significantly influenced by temperature and, because Li is not involved in any known biological process, this suggests that carbonates will provide a recorder for the past Li-isotope composition of natural waters and hence for past weathering conditions. As has been observed previously for inorganic aragonite, the Ca-isotopes in inorganic calcite are lighter than the growth solution, and are only weakly dependent on temperature. This confirms that the temperature dependence observed in some species of foraminifera [Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 (2001)] reflects additional isotope fractionation due to biological processes during mineralization. Ca isotopes may therefore provide a powerful tool with which to investigate the processes of biomineralization. Finally, Li/Ca ratios in inorganic and biogenic carbonates increase as temperatures decrease with a sensitivity of ≈4% per °C. This temperature dependence of Li/Ca may prove useful to assess past temperatures in cold environments such as the deep ocean.  相似文献