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991.
Molecular identification of scallop planktonic larvae using species-specific microsatellites 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
ZHAN Aibin HU Xiaoli BAO Lisui LU Wei PENG Wei WANG Mingling HU Jingjie 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(5):134-146
The identification of scallop larvae is essential to understand the population structure and community dynamics and to assess the potential environmental impacts caused by scallop larvae released or escaped. However, the larvae identification by morphological characteristics is notoriously difficult, mainly due to the small size (usually being less than 150 μm) and vague morphological characteristics among different scallop species. A simple and accurate molecular method was developed to identify four economically farmed scallop species, the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri, the noble scallop C. nobilis, the bay scallop Argopecten irradians and the Yesso scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis. The tests used the high degree of species-specific microsatellite markers, which was specified by transferability analyses, assessed by reference individuals and evaluated by BLAST searches. The sensitivity test indicated that the species-specific microsatellites were sensitive enough for the detection of 1% -2% larvae in mixed plankton samples. Larvae collected from scallop hatcheries and their effluents and from the artificially controlled crosses were well identified to the species/hybrid level. The results demonstrated that the one-step PCR-based assay was technically simple, inexpensive and robust in identification analyses, and also less sensitive to initial quality of template DNA extracted from the ethanol-preserved samples for several years. 相似文献
992.
993.
Wind impact on pollutant transport in a shallow estuary 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A three-dimensional numerical model, EFDC ( environmental fluid dynamics code) is applied to the Pamlico River Estuary (PRE) in eastern North Carolina of the United States to examine the wind impact on pollutant age distributions and residence time. A series of model experiments representing base case, remote-wind-induced water level set-up and local winds cases are conducted. Model results indicate that the pollutant mean age and the system residence time are functions of gravitational circulation in the PRE. The system responses to remote-wind-induced water level set-up are different in different portions of the PRE. Under such condition, dissolved substances in the upstream portion of the PRE have a younger age and shorter residence time (compared with the base case) , by contrast, they have a older age and longer residence time in the downstream portion of the PRE. Upriver and downriver local winds appear to have opposite impacts on pollutant age distributions. The substances are retained much longer within the PRE under upriver wind than those under downriver wind. The model results also suggest that across - river winds may lead to longer residence time through enhanced turbulence mixing, which slows down the gravitational circulation in the PRE. 相似文献
994.
Surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions derived from satellite-tracked drifter data 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
The muhiyear averaged surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions are studied. The data used are trajectories and (1/4) ° latitude by (1/4) ° longitude mean currents derived from 323 Argos drifters deployed by Chinese institutions and world ocean circulation experiment from 1979 to 2003. The results show that the Kuroshio surface path adapts well to the western boundary topography and exhibits six great turnings. The branching occurs frequently near anticyclonic turnings rather than near cyclonic ones. In the Luzon Strait, the surface water intrusion into the South China Sea occurs only in fall and winter. The Kuroshio surface path east of Taiwan, China appears nearly as straight lines in summer, fall, and winter, when anticyclonic eddies coexist on its right side; while the path may cyclonically turning in spring when no eddy exists. The Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan often occurs in fall and winter, but not in summer. The running direction, width and velocity of the middle segment of the Kuroshio surface currents in the East China Sea vary seasonally. The northward intrusion of the Kuroshio surface water southwest of Kyushu occurs in spring and fall, but not in summer. The northmost position of the Kuroshio surface path southwest of Kyushu occurs in fall, but never goes beyond 31 °N. The northward surface current east of the Ryukyu Islands exists only along Okinawa-Amami Islands from spring to fall. In particular, it appears as an arm of an anti- cyclonic eddy in fall. 相似文献
995.
天然气水合物的声学探测模拟实验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在人工岩心中进行天然气水合物的生成和分解实验,同时获取了体系的温度、压力、声学特性(Vp和Vs、幅度和频率)及含水量等参数。经研究发现,温压法、超声探测法和TDR探测法都能灵敏探测沉积物中天然气水合物的形成和分解过程。分析认为,本次实验中水合物形成速率过快,只能宏观研究水合物对沉积物声学特性的影响,建议采用长岩心进一步研究沉积物中水合物的声学特性。 相似文献
996.
GIS支持下长江口南支河道百年来的演变 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用长江口南支河道1900—2001年的5幅海图资料,在GIS的支持下,建立了百年来长江口南支河道的水下数字高程模型(DEM),在此基础上对其演变特征进行了计算和分析。结果表明:(1)1900—2001年间南支河道表现为微冲,不同时段的冲淤状况不同。(2)南支河道的冲淤演变主要表现为5个水道和4个成形沙体的冲淤变化,各水道的最大水深和成形沙体的总面积和总体积都呈不断增大趋势。(3)南支河道各主要断面以复式河槽为主,主槽位于南岸,且最大水深不断增大。位于南支河道入口处和出口处断面的变化比中段断面的变化剧烈。(4)南支河道的演变是自然演变和人工控制共同作用的结果。 相似文献
997.
998.
黄河口裸置管线对海床土影响范围研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
裸置管线在波浪和潮流等作用下,对海床土强度和整体固结水平产生一定的影响,而产生影响的范围还是一个悬而未决的问题。2005年8月和2006年9月,分别对黄河口地区106钻井平台附近的一条裸置管线以及该地区海床土强度进行了现场微贯测量,结果发现,在该地区水动力作用下,水平方向,管线使得其两侧2m以内海床土强度降低,均匀性变差,尤其是降低了0~40cm深度海床土的强度,并使得其非均匀化程度加剧,使海床土出现成层现象。该研究成果为波浪-管线-土相互作用研究提供了典型实例,并对工程实践提供了借鉴。 相似文献
999.
Geochemistry of pore waters from the Xisha Trough, northern South China Sea and their implications for gas hydrates 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shao-Yong Jiang Tao Yang Lu Ge Jing-Hong Yang Hong-Fei Ling Neng-You Wu Jian Liu Dao-Hua Chen 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(3):459-470
This paper reports all available geochemical data on sediments and pore waters from the Xisha Trough on the northern continental
margin of the South China Sea. The methane concentrations in marine sediments display a downhole increasing trend and their
carbon isotopic compositions (δ
13C = −25 to −51‰) indicate a thermogenic origin. Pore water Cl− concentrations show a range from 537 to 730 mM, and the high Cl− samples also have higher concentrations of Br−, Na+, K+, and Mg2+, implying mixing between normal seawater and brine in the basin. The SO4
2− concentrations of pore waters vary from 19.9 to 36.8 mM, and show a downhole decreasing trend. Calculated SMI (sulfate-methane
interfaces) depths and sulfate gradients are between 21 and 47 mbsf, and between −0.7 and −1.7 mM/m, respectively, which are
similar to values in gas hydrate locations worldwide and suggest a high methane flux in the basin. Overall, the geochemical
data, together with geological and geophysical evidence, such as the high sedimentation rates, high organic carbon contents,
thick sediment piles, salt and mud diapirs, active faulting, abundant thermogenic gases, and occurrence of huge bottom simulating
reflector (BSR), are suggestive of a favorable condition for occurrence of gas hydrates in this region. 相似文献
1000.
A method for the determination of nanomolar concentrations of orthophosphate in oligotrophic seawater developed by Liang et al. (2007) has been modified to make it fully feasible for shipboard application and for faster sample throughput with minimized
sample volume. The technique is based on the flow injection method with solid phase extraction on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge
and colorimetric detector. The Schlieren effect was minimized by rinsing the cartridge sequentially with 5 mL water and 2
mL 95% ethanol solution. With three micro pumps in parallel, savings of up to 80% in amount of reagents and 25% volume of
seawater samples could be achieved in comparison to the previous method. Variation of stopped flow time and sample loading
time gave 3 different standard curves, which corresponded to 3 linear ranges within 3.4 and 515 nM. The modified method permits
the analysis of samples over a wide range of concentrations, and has been successfully applied to shipboard determination
of trace orthophosphate in more than 200 seawater samples during a one-month cruise in the South China Sea. For seawater at
concentrations of 20.6, 82.5, 206.2 nM orthophosphate, the relative standard deviations (RSD) (n = 6), determined daily for 6 days on board ship were 4.45%, 4.73% and 6.75%, respectively. Five seawater samples collected
in the Station SEATS (South East Asia Time Series Station at 18°N, 116°E) were analyzed using the present method both on board
and in a land-based laboratory, as well as with the magnesium hydroxide-induced coprecipitation (MAGIC) method, and showed
no significant difference according to the statistical t-test. 相似文献