变化高度航磁数据的维纳反褶积     

Ostr.  JA 禹惠民 《物探化探译丛》1993,(A07):78-81

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Effects of acid mine drainage from an abandoned copper mine, Britannia Mines, Howe Sound, British Columbia, Canada, on transplanted blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)     

Grout JA  Levings CD 《Marine environmental research》2001,51(3):265-288

Juvenile mussels (Mytilus edulis) were transplanted to Howe Sound, British Columbia, Canada, along an apparent pollution gradient of acid mine drainage (AMD) from an abandoned copper (Cu) mine. Cages containing 75 mussels each were placed at a total of 15 stations and were exposed to concentrations of dissolved Cu in surface waters ranging from 5 to 1009 micrograms/l for a period of 41 days. Mussels located at stations closer to the source of AMD at the mouth of Britannia Creek bioaccumulated higher concentrations of Cu and zinc (Zn) in their tissues. Mussel growth was adversely affected by Cu tissue concentrations above 20 micrograms/g dry wt., while declines in survival and condition index occurred in mussels that bioaccumulated greater than 40 micrograms/g dry wt. Cu. Tissue Zn concentrations (117-192 micrograms/g dry wt.) were likely not high enough to have a direct impact on mussel health. Reduced survival of transplanted mussels was supported by an absence of natural mussels in contaminated areas. Phytoplankton was also severely reduced in areas contaminated by mine waters. Based on the weight of evidence, AMD from the Britannia mine had a deleterious impact on mussel survival in a zone extending at least 2.1 km to the north and 1.7 km to the south of Britannia Creek on the east shore of Howe Sound.  相似文献   

Construction of subtracted EST and normalised cDNA libraries from liver of chemical-exposed three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) containing pollutant-responsive genes as a resource for transcriptome analysis     

Brown MM  Williams TD  Chipman JK  Katsiadaki I  Sanders M  Craft JA 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):127-130

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Simulation of fluid, heat transport to estimate desert stream infiltration   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kulongoski JT  Izbicki JA 《Ground water》2008,46(3):462-474

In semiarid regions, the contribution of infiltration from intermittent streamflow to ground water recharge may be quantified by comparing simulations of fluid and heat transport beneath stream channels to observed ground temperatures. In addition to quantifying natural recharge, streamflow infiltration estimates provide a means to characterize the physical properties of stream channel sediments and to identify suitable locations for artificial recharge sites. Rates of winter streamflow infiltration along stream channels are estimated based on the cooling effect of infiltrated water on streambed sediments, combined with the simulation of two-dimensional fluid and heat transport using the computer program VS2DH. The cooling effect of ground water is determined by measuring ground temperatures at regular intervals beneath stream channels and nearby channel banks in order to calculate temperature-depth profiles. Additional data inputs included the physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of unsaturated alluvium, and monthly ground temperatures measurements over an annual cycle. Observed temperatures and simulation results can provide estimates of the minimum threshold for deep infiltration, the variability of infiltration along stream channels, and also the frequency of infiltration events.  相似文献   

价值转换方法在中国生态服务评估中的应用和发展(英文)   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

谢高地  甄霖  鲁春霞  肖玉  李文华 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2010,1(1):51-59

国内和国外生态系统服务物理量和价值量的评估都难以得出让公众和学术界普遍接受的结果,这反映了该领域研究方法还不成熟,需要继续完善。如何建立符合中国基本国情的单位价值量是核算生态系统服务功能价值的核心。由于中国缺乏完善的市场环境,如何选择一个合理的价格体系作为衡量生态系统服务的单位价值量仍然还是一个难题。目前普遍采用的市场价格很难真实反映消费者剩余,从而导致单位价值或者说最终价值评估结果的不准确。本研究将生态服务划分为食物生产、原材料生产、景观愉悦、气体调节、气候调节、水源涵养、土壤形成与保持、废物处理、生物多样性维持共9项,就森林、草地、农田、湿地、水体和荒漠6类生态系统的9项生态系统服务价值相对生态重要性进行了问卷调查,进而形成中国生态系统单位面积生态服务价值评估单价体系,通过结果对比发现,该生态系统服务单价体系与基于物质量估算的生态系统服务价值之间具有较好的可比性,可较准确地反映中国各项生态系统服务的相对重要性,在没有其他更为可靠的方法的情况下,可以采用该方法对中国生态系统服务价值进行评估,可以作为适合中国生态系统状况和经济发展水平的一个生态系统服务价值评估工具。对上述方法的合理性我们也做了一个问卷调查,约70%的被调查者认为这是一个"比较合理"的评估方法,约20%的被调查者认为并不合理,可以肯定在生态系统服务价值评估技术取得更新的一些研究成果之前,这种对生态系统服务价值进行评估的方法将长期存在争论。本方法仍有许多需要改进和完善之处,如生态系统服务价值的空间异质性和时间动态性有待考虑,具体应用时可采用生态服务价值生物量调整因子来做进一步修订。  相似文献   

天津城市沿革中的供水格局演变分析     

冯跃  鲁春霞  唐笑飞  谢高地 《地理学报》2010,65(7):809-818

分析天津地区城市发展过程中的供水格局演变表明: 由于地下水盐碱度较高,在古代和近代,海河流域的地表水是城市的主要供水来源,供水保障区域即为城市附近的海河上游地区。1949 年以来,经过不同阶段的水利工程建设,天津已经形成了与城市空间布局相适应的供水系统。供水结构特征表现为以地表水为主,地下水为辅,对新型水源利用较少,高度依赖外来水源,如“引滦入津”等。过去60 年来,天津城市供水水源和供水保障区域的演变大致经历了三个阶段：(1) 20 世纪50 年代至60 年代中期的基本自给期,供水保障区域基本控制在天津市域范围内;(2) 60 年代中期至80 年代初期,将海河流域上游作为主要的供水保障区域、黄河水为应急水源的供水格局不稳定期。(3) 80 年代初期至今,以滦河流域为主要供水保障区域、黄河水为应急水源的供水格局基本稳定期。预计未来天津对外来水源的利用量将进一步增加,地表水所占比重将继续上升,地下水的利用量将减少。地表水的供水保障区域将在现有以滦河流域为主的基础上,进一步扩展至长江流域,地下水的供水保障区域将进一步缩小。  相似文献   

区域地球化学水系沉积物测量     

Plant  JA 李应桂 《物探化探译丛》1991,(6):27-33

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Copper bioavailability in a coastal environment of Northern Chile: comparison of bioassay and analytical speciation approaches     

Stauber JL  Andrade S  Ramirez M  Adams M  Correa JA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(11):1363-1372

An integrated approach including chemical speciation analyses and microalgal bioassays was used to assess the impact of copper from copper mining on a coastal area in Northern Chile. Dissolved copper ranged from <1 microg l(-1) at reference sites to 48 microgl(-1) at sites close to the mine discharge. Dissolved copper at sites closest to the discharge always exceeded seawater complexing capacities determined by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), and consequently labile copper was always detected (1-37 microg l(-1)). Agreement between ASV-labile copper and copper retained by cation exchange (ALSA) columns was excellent. Measured labile copper also accurately predicted bioavailable copper determined by growth inhibition of Nitzschia closterium and enzyme inhibition in Dunaliella tertiolecta. Seawater from Caleta La Lancha had the highest dissolved and labile copper and was the most toxic to micro-algal growth and enzyme activity. Previous studies at this site confirmed it had the lowest level of biodiversity, suggesting that copper may have both direct and indirect effects on these communities.  相似文献   

Biodiversity of rocky intertidal benthic communities associated with copper mine tailing discharges in northern Chile     

Medina M  Andrade S  Faugeron S  Lagos N  Mella D  Correa JA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(4):396-409

Copper mine tailings have been discharged around the city of Chanaral, in northern Chile, for more than 60 years. This report summarizes a 17-month long monitoring study of species richness and biodiversity at five intertidal sites around the point of the tailing discharge. Total dissolved copper in sites close to the point of discharge varied between 8.72 microg/l and 34.15 microg/l, showing that there has not been a significant reduction since 1994. However, species richness has increased, suggesting a possible recovery of the system. While diversity of sessile organisms correlates negatively with dissolved copper, diversity of mobile invertebrates did not correlate with the metal concentration. To explain the observed results we discuss the role of algal turf interference on the distribution of mobile invertebrates at reference sites, a top-down effect caused by the absence of carnivores at impacted sites, and an avoidance strategy by some species to reduce their contact with contaminated seawater.  相似文献   

Measuring the Cosmic Equation of State with Counts of Galaxies     

Newman JA  Davis M 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,536(1):L11-L14

We show that the gas in growing density perturbations is vulnerable to the influence of winds outflowing from nearby collapsed galaxies that have already formed stars. This suggests that the formation of nearby galaxies with masses less, similar10(9) M( middle dot in circle) is likely to be suppressed, irrespective of the details of galaxy formation. An impinging wind may shock-heat the gas of a nearby perturbation to above the virial temperature, thereby mechanically evaporating the gas, or the baryons may be stripped from the perturbation entirely if they are accelerated to above the escape velocity. We show that baryonic stripping is the most effective of these two processes, because shock-heated clouds that are too large to be stripped are able to radiatively cool within a sound crossing time, limiting evaporation. The intergalactic medium temperatures and star formation rates required for outflows to have a significant influence on the formation of low-mass galaxies are consistent with current observations, but may soon be examined directly via associated distortions in the cosmic microwave background and with near-infrared observations from the Next Generation Space Telescope, which may detect the supernovae from early-forming stars.  相似文献