从小震到大震的频率—震级关系变化     

Pach.  JF 姜早峰 《地震地质译丛》1993,15(5):28-30

  相似文献   

Ecological condition of US Mid-Atlantic estuaries, 1997-1998     

Kiddon JA  Paul JF  Buffum HW  Strobel CS  Hale SS  Cobb D  Brown BS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(10):1224-1244

The Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA-Estuaries) evaluated ecological conditions in US Mid-Atlantic estuaries during the summers of 1997 and 1998. Over 800 probability-based stations were monitored in four main estuarine systems--Chesapeake Bay, the Delaware Estuary, Maryland and Virginian coastal bays, and the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System. Twelve smaller estuaries within the four main systems were also assessed to establish variance at the local scale. A subset of the MAIA-Estuaries data is used here to estimate the extent of eutrophication, sediment contamination, and benthic degradation in mid-Atlantic estuaries. An Environmental Report Card and Index of Environmental Integrity summarize conditions in individual estuaries, the four estuarine systems, and the entire MAIA region. Roughly 20-50% of the region showed signs of eutrophication (high nutrients, excessive production of organic matter, poor water clarity, or depleted dissolved oxygen), 30% had contaminated sediments, and 37% had degraded benthic communities. Compared with the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)-Virginian Province study in 1990-1993, larger fractions of Chesapeake Bay (17%) and Delaware River (32%) had increased metals or organics in sediments.  相似文献   

用于大地测量数据的空间大地元数据标准     

Spen.  JF 肖学年 《测绘标准化》1998,14(2):29-35

联邦地理数据委员会（ＦＧＤＣ）的联邦大地控制测量分委会（ＦＧＣＳ）负责制定适当的标准和规范以用于采集和存储大半测量数据并将这些数据提供给联邦、州和地方政府及私人企业。１９９４年６月８日颁布ＦＧＤＣ的《数字空间大地元数据内容标准》,该标准为逐步建立国家空间数据基础设施（ＮＳＤＩ）提供了数字数据交换的机制。国家海洋与大气管理局（ＮＯＡＡ）的国家大地测量局（ＮＧＳ）利用这些元数据标准确定了大地测量数据的  相似文献   

从台阵数据中提取信号     

Bohme  JF 赵仲和 《地震科技情报》1996,(3):12-13

  相似文献   

A survey of census bureau population projection methods     

Long JF  Mcmillen DB 《Climatic change》1987,11(1-2):141-177

Population projections methods of the U.S. Census Bureau draw upon several different traditions of forecasting: demographic accounting, judgmental, time series, deterministic, and explanatory. This paper reviews each of the forecasting traditions in population projections, describes the U.S. Census Bureau's current methods for national and state population projections, and proposes new hybrid approaches such as demographic-time series methods for national fertility projections and economic-demographic methods for state migration projections. Throughout the article, possible parallels with forecasting in other disciplines are noted.  相似文献   

New constraints on Precambrian ocean composition     

Grotzinger JP  Kasting JF 《The Journal of geology》1993,101(2):235-243

The Precambrian record of carbonate and evaporite sedimentation is equivocal. In contrast to most previous interpretations, it is possible that Archean, Paleoproterozoic, and to a lesser extent, Meso to Neoproterozoic seawater favored surplus abiotic carbonate precipitation, as aragonite and (hi-Mg?) calcite, in comparison to younger times. Furthermore, gypsum/anhydrite may have been only rarely precipitated prior to halite precipitation during evaporation prior to about 1.8 Ga. Two effects may have contributed to these relationships. First, sulfate concentration of seawater may have been critically low prior to about 1.9 Ga so the product mCa++ x mSO4-- would not have produced gypsum before halite, as in the Mesoproterozoic to modern ocean. Second, the bicarbonate to calcium ratio was sufficiently high so that during progressive evaporation of seawater, calcium would have been exhausted before the gypsum field was reached. The pH of the Archean and Paleoproterozoic ocean need not have been significantly different from the modern value of 8.1, even at CO2 partial pressures of a tenth of an atmosphere. Higher CO2 partial pressures require somewhat lower pH values.  相似文献   

What can meteorites tell us about nebular conditions and processes during planetesimal accretion?     

Kerridge JF 《Icarus》1993,106(1):135-150

Analysis of the most primitive meteorites can yield detailed information about environmental conditions and physical/chemical processes in the earliest Solar System, including the nebular stage during which planetesimals were accreted. Such information pertains to time scales, thermal and chemical evolution, inhomogeneity and mixing, magnetic fields, and grain growth in the solar nebula. Nebular processes identified include evaporation, condensation, localized melting, and fractionation both of solids from gas and among different solids. Little direct evidence remains even in primitive meteorites of the actual accretion process. The absence of intrinsic factors capable of enhancing accretion among meteoritic constituents suggests that gravitational instabilities might have been important in promoting planetesimal accretion.  相似文献   

醋酸盐对淋滤液碱度影响的野外证据     

Devl.  JF 傅崇远 《水文地质工程地质译丛》1992,(3):25-29,39

  相似文献   

Herbicide contamination and the potential impact to seagrass meadows in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia     

McMahon K  Bengtson Nash S  Eaglesham G  Müller JF  Duke NC  Winderlich S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(1-4):325-334

Low concentrations of herbicides (up to 70 ng l(-1)), chiefly diuron (up to 50 ng l(-1)) were detected in surface waters associated with inter-tidal seagrass meadows of Zostera muelleri in Hervey Bay, south-east Queensland, Australia. Diuron and atrazine (up to 1.1 ng g(-1) dry weight of sediment) were detected in the sediments of these seagrass meadows. Concentration of the herbicides diuron, simazine and atrazine increased in surface waters associated with seagrass meadows during moderate river flow events indicating herbicides were washed from the catchment to the marine environment. Maximum herbicide concentration (sum of eight herbicides) in the Mary River during a moderate river flow event was 4260 ng l(-1). No photosynthetic stress was detected in seagrass in this study during low river flow. However, with moderate river flow events, nearshore seagrasses are at risk of being exposed to concentrations of herbicides that are known to inhibit photosynthesis.  相似文献   

Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at low temperature in the presence of the dispersant Corexit 9500   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Lindstrom JE  Braddock JF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(8):739-747

Our study examined the effects of Corexit 9500 and sediment on microbial mineralization of specific aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons found in crude oil. We also measured gross mineralization of crude oil, dispersed crude oil and dispersant by a marine microbial consortium in the absence of sediment. When provided as carbon sources, our consortium mineralized Corexit 9500 the most rapidly, followed by fresh oil, and finally weathered oil or dispersed oil. However, mineralization in short term assays favored particular components of crude oil (2-methyl-naphthalene > dodecane > phenanthrene > hexadecane > pyrene) and was not affected by addition of nutrients or sediment (high sand, low organic carbon). Adding dispersant inhibited hexadecane and phenanthrene mineralization but did not affect dodecane and 2-methyl-naphthalene mineralization. Thus, the effect of dispersant on biodegradation of a specific hydrocarbon was not predictable by class. The results were consistent for both high and low oiling experiments and for both fresh and weathered oil. Overall, our results indicate that environmental use of Corexit 9500 could result in either increases or decreases in the toxicity of residual oil through selective microbial mineralization of hydrocarbons.  相似文献