Geochemical imaging of flow near an artificial recharge facility, Orange County, California   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Clark JF  Hudson GB  Davisson ML  Woodside G  Herndon R 《Ground water》2004,42(2):167-174

Critical for the management of artificial recharge operations is detailed knowledge of ground water dynamics near spreading areas. Geochemical tracer techniques including stable isotopes of water, tritium/helium-3 (T/3He) dating, and deliberate gas tracer experiments are ideally suited for these investigations. These tracers were used to evaluate flow near an artificial recharge site in northern Orange County, California, where approximately 2.5 x 10(8) m3 (200,000 acre-feet) of water are recharged annually. T/3He ages show that most of the relatively shallow ground water within 3 km of the recharge facilities have apparent ages < 2 years; further downgradient apparent ages increase, reaching > 20 years at approximately 6 km. Gas tracer experiments using sulfur hexafluoride and xenon isotopes were conducted from the Santa Ana River and two spreading basins. These tracers were followed in the ground water for more than two years, allowing subsurface flow patterns and flow times to be quantified. Results demonstrate that mean horizontal ground water velocities range from < 1 to > 4 km/year. The leading edges of the tracer patch moved at velocities about twice as fast as the center of mass. Leading edge velocities are important when considering the potential transport of microbes and other "time sensitive" contaminants and cannot be determined easily with other methods. T/3He apparent ages and tracer travel times agreed within the analytical uncertainty at 16 of 19 narrow screened monitoring wells. By combining these techniques, ground water flow was imaged with time scales on the order of weeks to decades.  相似文献   

First Mass-resolved Measurement of High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Antiprotons     

Bergström D  Boezio M  Carlson P  Francke T  Grinstein S  Khalchukov F  Suffert M  Hof M  Kremer J  Menn W  Simon M  Stephens SA  Ambriola ML  Bellotti R  Cafagna F  Ciacio F  Circella M  De Marzo C  Finetti N  Papini P  Piccardi S  Spillantini P  Bartalucci S  Ricci M  Casolino M  De Pascale MP  Morselli A  Picozza P  Sparvoli R  Bonvicini V  Schiavon P  Vacchi A  Zampa N  Mitchell JW  Ormes JF  Streitmatter RE  Bravar U  Stochaj SJ 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,534(2):L177-L180

We report new results for the cosmic-ray antiproton-to-proton ratio from 3 to 50 GeV at the top of the atmosphere. These results represent the first measurements, on an event-by-event basis, of mass-resolved antiprotons above 18 GeV. The results were obtained with the NMSU-WIZARD/CAPRICE98 balloon-borne magnet spectrometer equipped with a gas-RICH (Ring-Imaging Cerenkov) counter and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter. The RICH detector was the first ever flown that is capable of identifying charge-one particles at energies above 5 GeV. The spectrometer was flown on 1998 May 28-29 from Fort Sumner, New Mexico. The measured p&d1;/p ratio is in agreement with a pure secondary interstellar production.  相似文献   

A Twisted Flux Rope Model for Coronal Mass Ejections and Two-Ribbon Flares     

Amari T  Luciani JF  Mikic Z  Linker J 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,533(1):L49-L52

We present a new approach to the theory of large-scale solar eruptive phenomena such as coronal mass ejections and two-ribbon flares, in which twisted flux tubes play a crucial role. We show that it is possible to create a highly nonlinear three-dimensional force-free configuration consisting of a twisted magnetic flux rope representing the magnetic structure of a prominence (surrounded by an overlaying, almost potential, arcade) and exhibiting an S-shaped structure, as observed in soft X-ray sigmoid structures. We also show that this magnetic configuration cannot stay in equilibrium and that a considerable amount of magnetic energy is released during its disruption. Unlike most previous models, the amount of magnetic energy stored in the configuration prior to its disruption is so large that it may become comparable to the energy of the open field.  相似文献   

利用宇宙成因核素测定暴露年龄确定活断层的滑动速率：：在蒙古戈壁…     

Ritz.  JF 陈杰 《地震地质译丛》1996,18(4):15-19

利用就地产生的宇宙成因核素＾１０Ｂｅ测定了蒙古西部戈壁阿尔泰地区被一条主要活断层断错的冲积面的最小暴露年龄。由此得出该断的最大滑动速率约为１．２ｍｍ／ａ。也说明宇宙成因同位素测定暴露年龄对第四纪构造分析的重要意义。  相似文献   

Marine organic pollution history in the Changjiang Estuary and Zhejiang coastal area--HCHs and DDTs stratigraphical records   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chen JF  Xia XM  Ye XR  Jin HY 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):391-396

The variations of concentrations of hexachloro-cyclohexane (HCHs), dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDTs) in surface sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and Zhejiang coastal area suggests that although there is a substantial decrease of these persistent trace compounds since the last two decades, they still presented in recent surface sediments. Their concentration levels in suspended matter are still quite high. In dated sedimentary cores, the DDTs and HCHs concentration peaks appeared in 1960s to 1980s, which approximately corresponded to their production and usage history.  相似文献   

基于BJ-RUC模式预报产品的北京冬半年道面温度预报模型   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

董颜  尤焕玲  郭文利  闵晶晶 《气象》2017,43(10):1241-1248

选用2012年11月1日至2013年3月30日3 km分辨率BJ-RUC模式输出的气象要素与5个道面站数据(A1027,A1325,A1412,A1414,A1512)温度进行统计分析,按不同起报时次(08、14和05时)分别建立三类逐步回归统计模型预报未来24 h逐时道面温度,选出最优模型预报2013年11月至2014年3月道面温度。结果表明:道面温度与RUC输出的2 m温度、短波辐射显著相关,与长波辐射、湿度次相关;有显著气象因子参与的回归模型预报的道面温度好于仅加入前一天对应时刻道面温度的回归模型,预报准确度可提高25%以上,误差减少1℃以上;滚动筛选不同起报时次预报时段可将模型预报误差控制在±3℃以内,且预报早高峰温度好于晚高峰,白天好于夜间,晴天好于其他天气类型。  相似文献   

Reservoir time-scales for anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere: commentary     

Kasting JF  Schultz PA 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》1996,48(5):703-706

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Environmental estrogens interact with and modulate the properties of plasma sex steroid-binding proteins in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)     

Tollefsen KE  Meys JF  Frydenlund J  Stenersen J 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):697-701

Environmental chemicals may modulate the endocrine system through interaction with plasma sex steroid-binding proteins (SBP) and SBP-regulated processes. Some of these chemicals, which are known to interact with the estrogen receptor (ER), were found to bind competitively to the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SBP and potentially disrupt the endocrine function of these proteins. Furthermore, both weakly acting (di-n-butyl phthalate) and potent estrogen mimics (ethynylestradiol), were able to induce a substantial up-regulation of circulating levels of SBP in vivo. Interestingly, modulation of SBP-levels was found to be a more sensitive endpoint than chemically induced interference with classical ER-mediated mechanisms for weakly acting estrogen mimics like di-(n-butyl) phthalate. Interference with the endocrine function of SBPs may thus introduce a novel mechanism for endocrine disruption. and give additional answers to the question why some weakly acting xenoestrogens are causing "estrogen-like" reproductive disturbances in developing males.  相似文献   

提高采收率方案现场实际结果与模型预测结果的对比     

Pautz  JF 王宏 《国外石油地质》1994,(4):10-26

本文主要论述电控喷油对改进汽车排放的作用，其中包括燃油分配、喷油始点和增压空气状态控制等方面的电子控制以及电控系统的附加功能。文章最后具体介绍了带滑阀定时控制泵的系统和电磁阀控制的泵－喷嘴系统。  相似文献   

Importance of unsaturated zone flow for simulating recharge in a humid climate     

Hunt RJ  Prudic DE  Walker JF  Anderson MP 《Ground water》2008,46(4):551-560

Transient recharge to the water table is often not well understood or quantified. Two approaches for simulating transient recharge in a ground water flow model were investigated using the Trout Lake watershed in north-central Wisconsin: (1) a traditional approach of adding recharge directly to the water table and (2) routing the same volume of water through an unsaturated zone column to the water table. Areas with thin (less than 1 m) unsaturated zones showed little difference in timing of recharge between the two approaches; when water was routed through the unsaturated zone, however, less recharge was delivered to the water table and more discharge occurred to the surface because recharge direction and magnitude changed when the water table rose to the land surface. Areas with a thick (15 to 26 m) unsaturated zone were characterized by multimonth lags between infiltration and recharge, and, in some cases, wetting fronts from precipitation events during the fall overtook and mixed with infiltration from the previous spring snowmelt. Thus, in thicker unsaturated zones, the volume of water infiltrated was properly simulated using the traditional approach, but the timing was different from simulations that included unsaturated zone flow. Routing of rejected recharge and ground water discharge at land surface to surface water features also provided a better simulation of the observed flow regime in a stream at the basin outlet. These results demonstrate that consideration of flow through the unsaturated zone may be important when simulating transient ground water flow in humid climates with shallow water tables.  相似文献