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S. Jamshid Mousavi Hosein Alizadeh Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2014,28(8):2051-2061
Stochastic optimization methods are used for optimal design and operation of surface water reservoir systems under uncertainty. Chance-constrained (CC) optimization with linear decision rules (LDRs) is an old approach for determining the minimum reservoir capacity required to meet a specific yield at a target level of reliability. However, this approach has been found to overestimate the reservoir capacity. In this paper, we propose the reason for this overestimation to be the fact that the reliability constraints considered in standard CC LDR models do not have the same meaning as in other models such as reservoir operation simulation models. The simulation models have fulfilled a target reliability level in an average sense (i.e., annually), whereas the standard CC LDR models have met the target reliability level every season of the year. Mixed integer nonlinear programs are presented to clarify the distinction between the two types of reliability constraints and demonstrate that the use of seasonal reliability constraints, rather than an average reliability constraint, leads to 80–150 % and 0–32 % excess capacity for SQ-type and S-type CC LDR models, respectively. Additionally, a modified CC LDR model with an average reliability constraint is proposed to overcome the reservoir capacity overestimation problem. In the second stage, we evaluate different operating policies and show that for the seasonal (average) reliability constraints, open-loop, S-type, standard operating policy, SQ-type, and general SQ-type policies compared to a model not using any operation rule lead to 190–460 % (200–550 %), 100–200 % (80–300 %), 0–90 % (0–60 %), 30–90 % (0–20 %), and 10–90 % (0–10 %) excess capacity, respectively. 相似文献
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Aminroayaei Yamini Maryam Tutti Faramarz Aminoroayaei Yamini Mohammad Reza Ahmadian Jamshid Wan Bo 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,111(5):747-759
Mineralogy and Petrology - The chloritization of biotite and stable isotopes of silicate have been studied for the Zafarghand porphyry copper deposit, Ardestan, Iran. The studied area, in the... 相似文献
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Details of an experimental study for 22 clear-water scour tests around bridge piers are presented in three combinations of flow-altering countermeasures against bed erosion. The combined countermeasures are as follows: (1) berm and geometry; (2) berm, geometry, and centered slot; and (3) berm, geometry, and off-centered slots. First, four different cross-sections were selected for the model piers (A series). The results of this group have shown that the lenticular model can decrease the scour depth remarkably. The efficient height of a berm was then determined through B series of tests for circular cylindrical model pier. Then, it was found that the first combination (C series) could not decrease the bed erosion significantly. Also, the second combination (D series) mainly decreased the scour depth only in the circular and round-nosed rectangular geometries. Finally, the third combination (E series) used for the first time with considering its structural aspects can be considered as the most effective countermeasure only for the common geometries of the model piers. The results showed that the combination of different countermeasures would not be an efficient tool for all geometries of model piers. 相似文献
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A new method is proposed for generating artificial earthquake accelerograms from response spectra. This method uses the learning capabilities of neural networks to developed the knowledge of the inverse mapping from the response spectra to earthquake accelerogram. In the proposed method the neural networks learn the inverse mapping directly from the actual recorded earthquake accelerograms and their response spectra. A two-stage approach is used. In the first stage, a replicator neural network is used as a data compression tool. The replicator neural network compresses the vector of the discrete Fourier spectra of the accelerograms to vectors of much smaller dimension. In the second stage, a multi-layer feed-forward neural network learns to relate the response spectrum to the compressed Fourier spectrum. A simple example is presented, in which only 30 accelerograms are used to train the two-stage neural networks. This example demonstrates how the method works and shows its potential. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Piping/tunnelling erosion is a widely spread process in the Plio-Pleistocene marine clays of the Basilicata region in southern Italy. The pipes are often closely concentrated along the surface drainage networks at different depths with a tunnel (length) and a diameter varying from just a few centimetres to some metres. The formation and evolution of pipes in the badlands can be explained through: (1) geo-structural characteristics of the clay, (2) material properties such as a high exchangeable sodium percentage, (3) favourable climatic conditions, and (4) hydraulic gradient along the path controlled by the gully or ravine bottom that is acting as a local drain. The exposure and the extension of joints at the surface and in the bedrock along the slope are the main factors required for development of the pipes. The absence of the piping erosion on the slopes, where a reasonably thick layer of the soil material covers the open joints, shows that although certain material properties and climatic conditions play an important role, they are not sufficient to develop extensive piping erosion in the area. 相似文献
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Fatemeh Sarjoughian Ali Kananian Michael Haschke Jamshid Ahmadian 《Geological Journal》2016,51(3):387-404
The South Dehgolan pluton, in NW Iran was emplaced into the Sanandaj–Sirjan magmatic–metamorphic zone. This composite intrusion comprises three main groups: (1) monzogabbro–monzodiorite rocks, (2) quartz monzonite–syenite rocks, and (3) a granite suite which crops out in most of the area. The granites generally show high SiO2 content from 72.1%–77.6 wt.% with diagnostic mineralogy consisting of biotite and amphibole along the boundaries of feldspar–quartz crystals which implies anhydrous primary magma compositions. The granite suite is metaluminous and distinguished by high FeOt/MgO ratios (av. 9.6 wt.%), typical of ferroan compositions with a pronounced A‐type affinity with high Na2O + K2O contents, high Ga/Al ratios, enrichment in Zr, Nb, REE, and depletion in Eu. The quartz monzonite–syenites show intermediate SiO2 levels (59.8%–64.5 wt.%) with metaluminous, magnesian to ferroan characteristics, intermediate Na2O + K2O contents, enrichment in Zr, Nb, REE, Ga/Al, and depletion in Eu. The monzogabbro–monzodiorites show overall lower SiO2 content (48.5%–55.9 wt.%) with metaluminous and calc‐alkaline compositions, relatively lower Na2O + K2O contents, low Ga/Al ratios, and FeOt/MgO (av. 1.6 wt.%) ratios, low abundances of Zr, Nb, and lower REE element concentrations relative to the granites and quartz monzonite–syenites. These geochemical differences among the three different rocks suites are likely to indicate different melt origins. We suggest that the South Dehgolan pluton resulted from a change in the geodynamic regime, from compression to extension in the Sanandaj–Sirjan zone during Mesozoic subduction of the Neo‐Tethys oceanic crust beneath the Central Iranian microcontinent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A precise value of the matrix-fracture transfer shape factor is essential for modeling fluid flow in fractured porous media by a dual-porosity approach. The slightly compressible fluid shape factor has been widely investigated in the literature. In a recent study, we have developed a transfer function for flow of a compressible fluid using a constant fracture pressure boundary condition [Ranjbar E, Hassanzadeh H, Matrix-fracture transfer shape factor for modeling flow of a compressible fluid in dual-porosity media. Adv Water Res 2011;34(5):627-39. doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.02.012]. However, for a compressible fluid, the consequence of a pressure depletion boundary condition on the shape factor has not been investigated in the previous studies. The main purpose of this paper is, therefore, to investigate the effect of the fracture pressure depletion regime on the shape factor for single-phase flow of a compressible fluid. In the current study, a model for evaluation of the shape factor is derived using solutions of a nonlinear diffusivity equation subject to different pressure depletion regimes. A combination of the heat integral method, the method of moments and Duhamel’s theorem is used to solve this nonlinear equation. The developed solution is validated by fine-grid numerical simulations. The presented model can recover the shape factor of slightly compressible fluids reported in the literature. This study demonstrates that in the case of a single-phase flow of compressible fluid, the shape factor is a function of the imposed boundary condition in the fracture and its variability with time. It is shown that such dependence can be described by an exponentially declining fracture pressure with different decline exponents. These findings improve our understanding of fluid flow in fractured porous media. 相似文献
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